Content

• Introduction
• Intelligence
• Uses of Artificial Intelligence.
• Need for Artificial Intelligence.
• Approaches of AI
• Forms of AI
• Drawbacks of Artificial Intelligence
• Technologies Based on Artificial Intelligence
• Issues of Artificial Intelligence
• The Future of AI Technologies
Introduction
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human
intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and act like
humans.
• It involves the development of algorithms and computer programs that
can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence such as
visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language
translation.
• AI has the potential to revolutionize many industries and has a wide
range of applications, from virtual personal assistants to self-driving
cars.
Conti..,
• Before leading to the meaning of artificial intelligence let understand
what is the meaning of Intelligence-
• Intelligence: The ability to learn and solve problems.

• The most common answer that one expects is “to make

computers intelligent so that they can act
intelligently!”, but the question is how much
intelligent? How can one judge intelligence?
Conti..
• …as intelligent as humans.
• If the computers can, somehow, solve real-world problems, by
improving on their own from past experiences, they would be called
“intelligent”.
• Thus, the AI systems are more generic(rather than specific), can
“think” and are more flexible.
• Intelligence, as we know, is the ability to acquire and apply
knowledge.
• Knowledge is the information acquired through experience.
 Conti..,
• Experience is the knowledge gained through exposure(training).

knowledge gained information ability to acquire

Experience through Knowledge acquired through Intelligence and apply
exposure(training). experience knowledge
Conti..,
• Summing the terms up, we get artificial intelligence as the “copy of
something natural(i.e., human beings) ‘WHO’ is capable of acquiring
and applying the information it has gained through exposure.”
• Intelligence is the life time process that does not end on specific point
of time.
• Intelligence include
• Reasoning
• Learning
• Problem-Solving
• Perception
• Linguistic Intelligence
Uses of Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial Intelligence has many practical applications across various
industries and domains, including:
• Healthcare: AI is used for medical diagnosis, drug discovery, and predictive
analysis of diseases.
• Finance: AI helps in credit scoring, fraud detection, and financial forecasting.
• Retail: AI is used for product recommendations, price optimization, and
supply chain management.
• Manufacturing: AI helps in quality control, predictive maintenance, and
production optimization.
• Transportation: AI is used for autonomous vehicles, traffic prediction, and
route optimization.
Contii.,
• Customer service: AI-powered Chabot's are used for customer
support, answering frequently asked questions, and handling simple
requests.
• Security: AI is used for facial recognition, intrusion detection, and
cybersecurity threat analysis.
• Marketing: AI is used for targeted advertising, customer
segmentation, and sentiment analysis.
• Education: AI is used for personalized learning, adaptive testing, and
intelligent tutoring systems.
Need for Artificial Intelligence
• To create expert systems that exhibit intelligent behaviour with the
capability to learn, demonstrate, explain, and advise its users.
• Helping machines find solutions to complex problems like humans do
and applying them as algorithms in a computer-friendly manner.
• Improved efficiency: Artificial intelligence can automate tasks and
processes that are time-consuming and require a lot of human effort.
• This can help improve efficiency and productivity, allowing humans to focus
on more creative and high-level tasks.
Conti..,
• Better decision-making: Artificial intelligence can analyze large
amounts of data and provide insights that can aid in decision-making.
• This can be especially useful in domains like finance, healthcare, and logistics,
where decisions can have significant impacts on outcomes.
• Enhanced accuracy: Artificial intelligence algorithms can process data
quickly and accurately, reducing the risk of errors that can occur in
manual processes.
• This can improve the reliability and quality of results.
Conti..,
• Personalization: Artificial intelligence can be used to personalize
experiences for users, tailoring recommendations, and interactions
based on individual preferences and behaviours.
• This can improve customer satisfaction and loyalty.
• Exploration of new frontiers: Artificial intelligence can be used to
explore new frontiers and discover new knowledge that is difficult or
impossible for humans to access.
• This can lead to new breakthroughs in fields like astronomy, genetics, and
drug discovery.
Approaches of AI
• There are a total of four approaches of AI and that are as follows:
1. Acting humanly (The Turing Test approach):
• This approach was designed by Alan Turing.
• The ideology behind this approach is that a computer passes the
test if a human interrogator, after asking some written questions,
cannot identify whether the written responses come from a
human or from a computer.
2. Thinking humanly (The cognitive modelling approach):
• The idea behind this approach is to determine whether the
computer thinks like a human.
Conti..,
3. Thinking rationally (The “laws of thought” approach):
• The idea behind this approach is to determine whether the computer thinks
rationally i.e. with logical reasoning.
4. Acting rationally (The rational agent approach):
• The idea behind this approach is to determine whether the computer acts
rationally i.e. with logical reasoning.
Forms of AI
Weak AI:
 Weak AI is an AI that is created to solve a particular problem or perform
a specific task.
 It is not a general AI and is only used for specific purpose.
 For example, the AI that was used to beat the chess grandmaster is a
weak AI as that serves only 1 purpose but it can do it efficiently.
Strong AI:
 Strong AI is difficult to create than weak AI.
 It is a general purpose intelligence that can demonstrate human abilities.
 Human abilities such as learning from experience, reasoning, etc. can be
demonstrated by this AI.
Conti..,
Super Intelligence:
 As stated by a leading AI thinker Nick Bostrom, “Super
Intelligence is an AI that is much smarter than the best human
brains in practically every field”.

 It ranges from a machine being just smarter than a human to a

machine being trillion times smarter than a human.

 Super Intelligence is the ultimate power of AI.

Drawbacks of Artificial Intelligence
Bias and unfairness:
 AI systems can perpetuate and amplify existing biases in data and
decision-making.
Lack of transparency and accountability:
 Complex AI systems can be difficult to understand and interpret,
making it challenging to determine how decisions are being made.
Job displacement:
AI has the potential to automate many jobs, leading to job loss and
a need for reskilling.
Technologies Based on Artificial Intelligence:
Machine Learning:
 A subfield of AI that uses algorithms to enable systems to learn from data and
make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.
Natural Language Processing (NLP):
 A branch of AI that focuses on enabling computers to understand, interpret,
and generate human language.
Computer Vision:
 A field of AI that deals with the processing and analysis of visual information
using computer algorithms.
Robotics:
 AI-powered robots and automation systems that can perform tasks in
manufacturing, healthcare, retail, and other industries.
Conti..,
Neural Networks:
 A type of machine learning algorithm modeled after the structure
and function of the human brain.
Expert Systems:
 AI systems that mimic the decision-making ability of a human
expert in a specific field.
Chatbots:
 AI-powered virtual assistants that can interact with users through
text-based or voice-based interfaces.
Issues of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence has the potential to bring many benefits to
society, but it also raises some important issues that need to be
addressed, including:
 Bias and Discrimination:
• AI systems can perpetuate and amplify human biases, leading to
discriminatory outcomes.
 Job Displacement:
• AI may automate jobs, leading to job loss and unemployment.
 Lack of Transparency:
• AI systems can be difficult to understand and interpret, making
it challenging to identify and address bias and errors.
Conti..,
 Privacy Concerns:
 AI can collect and process vast amounts of personal data,
leading to privacy concerns and the potential for abuse.
 Security Risks:
 AI systems can be vulnerable to cyber attacks, making it
important to ensure the security of AI systems.
 Ethical Considerations:
 AI raises important ethical questions, such as the acceptable use
of autonomous weapons, the right to autonomous decision
making, and the responsibility of AI systems for their actions.
Conti..,
 Regulation:
• There is a need for clear and effective regulation to ensure the
responsible development and deployment of AI.
The Future of AI Technologies
Reinforcement Learning:
 Reinforcement Learning is an interesting field of Artificial
Intelligence that focuses on training agents to make intelligent
decisions by interacting with their environment.
Explainable AI:
 This AI techniques focus on providing insights into how AI models
arrive at their conclusions.
Generative AI:
 Through this technique AI models can learn the underlying patterns
and create realistic and novel outputs.
Conti..,
Edge AI:
 AI involves running AI algorithms directly on edge devices, such
as smartphones, IoT devices, and autonomous vehicles, rather than
relying on cloud-based processing.
Quantum AI:
 Quantum AI combines the power of quantum computing with AI
algorithms to tackle complex problems that are beyond the
capabilities of classical computers.