THE FILIPINO COMMUNITY IN SPAIN

The Filipino ilustrados, who were not only lndios but also beasts in the eyes of the arrogant Spanish
colonizers, did not fight their battles in the Philippines but instead went to Spain to ask for assimilation
and campaigned to make the Philippines a province of Spain, which would establish equality between
the Spaniards and the Filipinos. It should be noted that before Rizal, and the lndio8 Bravos association
which he founded, there were already Filipinos living in Europe. Among them were the Taveras of
Paris, the woman painter Pelagia Mendoza, who traveled to Europe during the 18805, the Regidors of
Madrid and London, Pedro Paterno, Gregorio Sancianco. Pedro Paterno was the son of Maximo
Paterno, a rich business-man from Manila who was exiled to the Marianas in 1872.

Pedro Paterno studied philosophy and theology in Salamanca, and he continued to live in Madrid after
getting his doctorate in law in 1880 at the Universidad Central de Madrid. His house was usually the
venue of reunion artisticas, where prominent persons in the field of letters and politics of Spain
gathered. On these occasions, Paterno read his poems which he compiled in 1880 in a book entitled
Sampaguitas, which became part of the collection Biblioteca Filipino. The latter aimed to make known to
the Spanish audience the achievements of the Filipino youth.

From his point of view the progress of the Philippines should be gauged by the freedom of the ordinary
citizen from the shackles of dominance and excessive taxes. Clearly, the colonial government was
spending money on matters which were not so important. The data presented by Sancianco indeed
showed that the military had a bigger budget because the colonial government was afraid of the danger
of the rising discontent in the Philippines, hence the need for a larger force. Other than this, there was a
need to provide jobs to Spanish soldiers who were neglected in Spain.

« The military's budget increased from more than three million in 1880-81 to more than four million in
1896. » de Veyra that the Filipinos in Spain came from the different regions of the archipelago(V). Julio
Llorente, a native of Cebu, finished his doctorate in law in Madrid while writing for La
solidaridad. Valentin Ventura, who gave financial help to Rizal for the publication of his second novel, El
filibusterismo, was from Bacolor, Pampanga, and died in Barcelona in 1935, was Ventura's townmate.

Jose Maria Panganiban was from Mambulao, Camarines Norte. He also wrote for La solidaridad, and like
jaena and Ventura, died in Barcelona on August 19, 1890 due to tuberculosis. He was exiled to Barcelona
because of his links with the Katipunan. The latter was known for his painting called «Spoliarium. »
which was awarded the gold medal in the Exposicion de bellasartes, held in Madrid in 1884.

Jose Torres Bugallon of Salasa, Pangasinan, became a pensionado and scholar in the Military Academy in
1892. Telesforo Sucgang who came from Banga, Capiz, was a historical painter, religious sculptor, and
musical composer, who became a pensionado for four years in Madrid. Sucgang highlighted the theme
of Spain in the Philippines which was related to the program of assimilation of the ilustrados through
several paintings -El desembarco de Magallanes, La llegada de Legazpi y Urdaneta, and La Ilegada del
correoespanoleIIabahia de Manila. Ponce published in 1887 his Folklore Bulakeñio, a series of articles in
the Spanish periodical, La oceaniaespañola.
Maximo Viola, who helped Rizal in the printing of NoIi me tangere, was from San Miguel, Bulacan. He
finished medicine at the University of Barcelona. Dominador Gomez was born and died in Manila. He
wrote and used the pen name «Ramiro Franco» in La solidaridad.

Upon his return to Manila, he became a leader of the Union ObreraDemocratica de Filipinas, which was
founded by Isabelo de los Reyes. Bulacan, obtained his licentiate from the University of Villadolid, and
the medical degree from the Universidad Central de Madrid. Felix Resurrecion Hidalgo also died in
Barcelona. Galicano Apacible, who became president of the Barcelona-based organization, La
solidaridad, the same name as the newspaper of the Propaganda Movement, was born in Hacienda de
Nasugbu, Batangas.

Jose Rizal came from the town of Calamba, Laguna, the erstwhile hacienda of the Dominican priests
where his parents served as tenants.
PARAPHRASE

The Filipino ilustrados, who were not only lndios but also beasts in the eyes of the arrogant Spanish
colonizers, did not fight their battles in the Philippines, but instead went to Spain to request assimilation
and campaigned to make the Philippines a province of Spain, establishing equality between the
Spaniards and the Filipinos. It should be recalled that there were already Filipinos living in Europe prior
to Rizal's founding of the lndio8 Bravos club. The Taveras of Paris, Pelagia Mendoza, a woman painter
who came to Europe in 18805, the Regidors of Madrid and London, Pedro Paterno, and Gregorio
Sancianco were among them. Pedro Paterno was the son of Maximo Paterno, a wealthy Manila
businessman deported to the Mariana Islands in 1872.

Pedro Paterno studied philosophy and theology in Salamanca, and after receiving his doctorate in law
from the Universidad Central de Madrid in 1880, he remained in Madrid. His home was frequently the
site of creative reunions, where notable figures from Spain's fields of letters and politics convened.
Paterno read his poems during these events, which he collected in 1880 in a book called Sampaguitas,
which later became part of the Biblioteca Filipino collection. The latter aims to inform a Spanish
audience about the accomplishments of Filipino youth.

The emancipation of the ordinary person from the shackles of dominance and excessive taxation, in his
opinion, should be used to measure the Philippines' success. Clearly, the colonial authority was
squandering funds on unimportant subjects. Sancianco's data revealed that the military had a larger
budget because the colonial authority was concerned about the threat of rising dissatisfaction in the
Philippines, necessitating the need for a stronger army. Aside from that, there was a desire to give
occupations for Spanish soldiers who had been ignored in their own country.

« The military budget grew from about three million dollars in 1880-81 to over four million dollars in
1896. » De Veyra claimed that Filipinos in Spain came from all around the archipelago. Julio Llorente, a
Cebu native, completed his degree in law while writing for La Solidaridad in Madrid. Valentin Ventura, a
townmate of Rizal's who helped him finance the publication of his second novel, El filibusterismo, was
born in Bacolor, Pampanga, and died in Barcelona in 1935.

Jose Maria Panganiban was born in the town of Mambulao in the province of Camarines Norte. He also
wrote for La Solidaridad and, like Jaena and Ventura, died of tuberculosis in Barcelona on August 19,
1890. Because of his ties to the Katipunan, he was banished to Barcelona. The latter was most known
for his painting «Spoliarium, » which won a gold medal at the 1884 Exposicion de Bellas Artes in
Madrid.

In 1892, Salasa, Pangasinan native Jose Torres Bugallon became a pensionado and scholar at the Military
Academy. Telesforo Sucgang, a historical painter, religious sculpture, and musical composer from Banga,
Capiz, became a pensionado in Madrid for four years. Sucgang used numerous paintings to stress the
theme of Spain in the Philippines, which was linked to the ilustrados' assimilation program: El
desembarco de Magallanes, La llegada de Legazpi y Urdaneta, and La Ilegada del correoespañoleIIabahia
de Manila. Ponce's Folklore Bulakeio, a series of essays published in the Spanish monthly La Oceania
Espaola, was first published in 1887.
Maximo Viola, from San Miguel, Bulacan, assisted Rizal with the printing of NoIi me tangere. He earned
his medical degree from the University of Barcelona. Dominador Gomez was born in Manila and died
there. In La Solidaridad, he published under the pen name «Ramiro Franco».

He became a leader of the Union ObreraDemocratica de Filipinas, which was created by Isabelo de los
Reyes, upon his return to Manila. Bulacan earned his doctorate from the Universidad Central de Madrid
and his licentiate from the University of Villadolid. In Barcelona, Felix Resurrecion Hidalgo died as well.
Galicano Apacible was born in Hacienda de Nasugbu, Batangas, and became head of the Barcelona-
based organization La Solidaridad, which shares the same name as the Propaganda Movement's
periodical.

Jose Rizal was born in the village of Calamba, Laguna, where his parents worked as tenants in the
Dominican priests' ranch.
The Filipino ilustrados, who were not only lndios but also beasts in the eyes of the arrogant Spanish
colonizers, did not fight their battles in the Philippines, but instead went to Spain to request assimilation
and campaigned to make the Philippines a province of Spain, to establish equality between the
Spaniards and the Filipinos. It should be recalled that there were already Filipinos living in Europe prior
to Rizal's founding of the lndio Bravos club.

The Taveras of Paris – or the Taveras siblings Trinidad, Felix and Paz Tavera. Paz Tavera is a Philippine
mestiza and wife of Filipino painter Juan Luna.

Pelagia Mendoza, a woman painter who came to Europe in 1805

The Regidors of Madrid and London: of which Rizal stayed as a guest at Dr. Regidors Home in London.

Pedro Paterno

and Gregorio Sancianco. Pedro Paterno was the son of Maximo Paterno, who is a wealthy Manila
businessman deported to the Mariana Islands in 1872.

Pedro Paterno studied philosophy and theology in Salamanca, and after receiving his doctorate in law
from the Universidad Central de Madrid in 1880, he remained in Madrid. His home was frequently the
site of creative reunions, where notable figures from Spain's fields of letters and politics convened.
Paterno read his poems during these events, which he collected in 1880 in a book called Sampaguitas,
which later became part of the Biblioteca Filipino collection. The latter aims to inform a Spanish
audience about the accomplishments of Filipino youth.

The emancipation of the ordinary person from the shackles of dominance and excessive taxation, in his
opinion, should be used to measure the Philippines' success. Clearly, the colonial authority was
squandering funds on unimportant subjects.

According to one historian, Gregorio Sancianco paved the way for reforms when he published El
progreso de Filipinas which opposed the shortcomings of the colonial government in economics, way of
thinking and morality.

Sancianco's data revealed that the military had a larger budget because the colonial authority was
concerned about the threat of rising dissatisfaction in the Philippines, necessitating the need for a
stronger army. Aside from that, there was a desire to give occupations for Spanish soldiers who had
been ignored in their own country.

Jaime De Veyra, a Filipino Journalist, educator, lawyer and statesman claimed that Filipinos in Spain
came from all around the archipelago.

Julio Llorente, a Cebu native, completed his degree in law while writing for La Solidaridad in Madrid.
In 1881, he left for Spain to study at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He became a member of the
editorial staff of the newspaper España en Filipinas published by the Filipino reformists.

He worked closely with Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar for a committee that will work for the
unification of the Filipino groups into one entity under one head.

Valentin Ventura was a reformist along with Juan Luna, Del Pilar, Lopez Jaena and Rizal in the reformist
group named Propaganda Movement, during the revolutionary period. He is a townmate of Rizal, who
helped him finance the publication of his second novel, El filibusterismo and helped in strengthening the
cause of the Propaganda movement. He was born in Bacolor, Pampanga, and died in Barcelona in 1935.

Jose Maria Panganiban was born in the town of Mambulao in the province of Camarines Norte. He was
a Filipino propagandist, linguist, and essayist. He is one of the main writers and contributors for La
Solidaridad, writing under the pen names "Jomapa" and "J.M.P." Because of his ties to the Katipunan,
he was banished to Barcelona. He died of tuberculosis in Barcelona on August 19, 1890.

In 1892, Salasa, Pangasinan native Jose Torres Bugallon became a pensionado and scholar at the Military
Academy. He was a Filipino military officer who fought during the Philippine Revolution and the
Philippine–American War. He is known as the "Hero of the Battle of La Loma", where he was fatally
wounded.