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  • EC8394 Notes U2-1-7

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    ramalingam s
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    This document discusses two digital modulation techniques: 1. Delta Modulation (DM) works by sampling an input signal, comparing it to the previous output, quantizing the difference, and accumulating it to the previous output. The modulator consists of a comparator, quantizer, and accumulator. 2. Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) can efficiently remove redundancy in signals sampled at rates higher than Nyquist. It works by predicting the current sample, quantizing the difference between the prediction and actual value, and using that to update the next prediction. DPCM achieves higher processing gain than PCM by minimizing the variance of the prediction errors through optimal prediction filter design.

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    communication engg

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    EC8394 notes u2-1-7

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    This document discusses two digital modulation techniques: 1. Delta Modulation (DM) works by sampling an input signal, comparing it to the previous output, quantizing the difference, and accumulating it to the previous output. The modulator consists of a comparator, quantizer, and accumulator. 2. Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) can efficiently remove redundancy in signals sampled at rates higher than Nyquist. It works by predicting the current sample, quantizing the difference between the prediction and actual value, and using that to update the next prediction. DPCM achieves higher processing gain than PCM by minimizing the variance of the prediction errors through optimal prediction filter design.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views7 pages

    EC8394 Notes U2-1-7

    Uploaded by

    ramalingam s
    This document discusses two digital modulation techniques: 1. Delta Modulation (DM) works by sampling an input signal, comparing it to the previous output, quantizing the difference, and accumulating it to the previous output. The modulator consists of a comparator, quantizer, and accumulator. 2. Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) can efficiently remove redundancy in signals sampled at rates higher than Nyquist. It works by predicting the current sample, quantizing the difference between the prediction and actual value, and using that to update the next prediction. DPCM achieves higher processing gain than PCM by minimizing the variance of the prediction errors through optimal prediction filter design.

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    of 7

    EC8394

    UNIT II 38/6($1''$7$&20081,&$7,21
    INTRODUCTION:

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    Delta Modulation (DM) :


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    Delta Modulation (DM) :


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    Let m[ n ] = m(nT s ) , n = 0,±1,±2, 
    where Ts is the sampling period and m( nT s ) is a sample of m(t ).
    The error signal is
    e[ n ] = m[ n ] − mq [ n −1] (3.52)

    .
    eq [ n ] = ∆sgn( e[ n ] ) (3.53)

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    mq [ n ] = mq [ n −1] +eq [ n ] (3.54)
    where mq [ n ] is the quantizer output , eq [ n ] is
    the quantized version of e[ n ] , and ∆is the step size

    ee
    The modulator consists of a comparator, a quantizer, and an accumulator. The output of
    the accumulator is
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    Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (DPCM):


    Usually PCM has the sampling rate higher than the Nyquist rate .The encode signal
    contains redundant information. DPCM can efficiently remove this redundancy.
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    Figure 3.28 DPCM system. (a) Transmitter. (b) Receiver.

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    e[n ] = m[n] −m ˆ [n ] (3.74)
    mˆ [n] is a prediction
    value.
    The quantizer output is
    eq [n] = e[n] + q[n] (3.75)
    where q[n] is quantizati on error.
    The prediction filter input is
    mq [ n] = m
    ˆ [n ] +e[n] +q[n] (3.77)

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    m[n ]

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    ⇒mq [n] = m[ n] + q[ n] (3.78)

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    Processing Gain:

    The (SNR) o of the DPCM system is


    σ M2
    ee (SNR) = (3.79)
    σQ2
    o

    where σ M2 and σQ2 are variances of m[ n ] ( E[ m[ n]] = 0) and q[ n ]


    σ M2 σ E2
    (SNR) =( )( )
    σ E2 σQ2
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    = G p (SNR ) Q (3.80)
    where σ E2 is the variance of the prediction s error
    and the signal - to - quantizati on noise ratio is
    σ E2
    (SNR ) Q = (3.81)
    σQ2
    .p

    σ M2
    Processing Gain, G p = (3.82)
    σ E2
    Design a prediction filter to maximize G p (minimize σ E2 )
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