HISTORICAL

FOUNDATION
OF EDUCATION
 INTRODUCTION

Education is an institution created by society. Education is a

function of society and as such arises from the nature and
character of society itself.

Society seeks to preserve itself and to do this it maintains

its functions and institutions, one of which is education, to
assure its survival, stability and convenience.

Socialization is a process of learning the roles, statuses

and values necessary for participation in social
institutions.
 INTRODUCTION

Socialization is a lifelong process. It occurs primarily during early

childhood but as we progress from infancy to old age we shed old
roles and adopt new ones.

Role learning that preserves us for future roles is termed

anticipatory socialization

Family is the most important agent of socialization. The parents’

religion, social class, and ethnicity influence the child’s social
roles and concept which in turn influence the expectation that
others have for the child, and determine the group with which the
child will intact outside the family
 INTRODUCTION
• The school is also an important agent of socialization. It is an institution charged by
society to impact specific knowledge and skills necessary for functioning in a society.
They also charged with the task of transmitting society’s cultural values.
 KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY

Key Periods in Educational History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1600

Historical group Educational Curriculum Agents Influences on
or Period Goals Western
Education
Primitive societies To teach group Practical skills of Parents, tribal Emphasis on the
7000 B.C. ─5000 survival skills; to hunting, fishing, elders, and priests role of informal
B.C. cultivate group food gathering education in
cohesiveness stories, myths, transformation of
songs, poems, skills and values
dances
 KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY
Key Periods in Educational History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1600
Historical group or Educational Goals Curriculum Agents Influences on
Period Western Education

Greek To cultivate civic Athenian: reading, Athens: private Athens: the concept
1600 B.C. ─300 B.C responsibility and writing, arithmetic, teachers and school; of well-rounded,
identity with city- drama, music, sophists; liberally educated
state; physical education, philosophers person
Athenian: to develop literature, poetry
well-rounded Sparta: military Sparta: the concept
person Spartan: drill, teachers, drill of the military state
military songs and sergeants
Spartan: to develop tactics
soldiers and military
leaders
 KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY
Key Periods in Educational History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1600

Historical group Educational Curriculum Agents Influences on

or Period Goals Western
Education
Roman 750 B.C.─ To develop sense Reading, writing, Private schools Emphasis on the
A.D 450 of civic arithmetic, laws of and teachers; ability to use
responsibility for twelve tables, law schools of rhetoric education for
public and then philosophy. practical
empire; to administrative
develop skills; relating
administrative and education to civic
military skills responsibility
 KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY
Key Periods in Educational History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1600

Historical group Educational Curriculum Agents Influences on

or Period Goals Western
Education
Arabic To cultivate Reading, writing, Mosques; court Arabic numerals
A.D. 700 ─ A.D. religious mathematics, schools and computation;
1350 commitment to religious literature, re-entry of
Islamic beliefs; to scientific studies classical materials
develop expertise on science and
in mathematics, medicine
medicine, and
science
 KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY
Key Periods in Educational History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1600

Historical group or Educational Goals Curriculum Agents Influences on

Period Western Education

Medieval To develop religious Reading, writing, Parish, chantry, and Establishing the
A.D. 500 ─ A.D. 1400 commitment, arithmetic, liberal cathedral schools; structure, content, and
knowledge, and arts; philosophy, universities; organization of the
rituals; to re- theology; crafts; apprenticeship; university as a major
establish social military tactics and knighthood institution of higher
order; to prepare chivalry education; the
persons for institutionalization
appropriate roles and preservation of
knowledge
 KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY
Key Periods in Educational History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1600

Historical group Educational Curriculum Agents Influences on

or Period Goals Western
Education
Renaissance To cultivate Latin, Greek, Classical humanist An emphasis on
A.D. 1350 ─ humanist who was classical literature, educators and literary
A.D. 1500 expert in the poetry, art schools such as knowledge,
classics ─ Greek lyceum, excellence, and
and Latin; to gymnasium, Latin style as expressed
prepare courtiers grammar school in classical
for service to literature; a two-
dynastic leaders tract system of
schools
 KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY
Key Periods in Educational History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1600

Historical group Educational Curriculum Agents Influences on

or Period Goals Western
Education
Reformation To cultivate sense of Reading, writing, Vernacular A commitment to
A.D. 1500 ─ commitment to arithmetic, elementary schools universal education
A.D. 1600 particular religious catechism, religious for the masses; to provide literacy to
denomination; to concepts and rituals, classical schools for the masses; the
cultivate general Latin and Greek; the upper classes origins of school
literacy Theology systems with
supervision to
ensure doctrinal
conformity