7  

/ / E xa mp le 4−7
8
9   clear ; clc ;   close ;   // C l ea r t he work s p ac e and
consol e .
10
11   / / G iv en d a ta
12   R _a = 0.25 ;   // Armature r e s i s t a n c e i n ohm
13 BD = 3 ;   // Brush c o nt a ct d ro p i n v o l t
14 V = 120 ;   // A pp l ie d v o lt a g e i n v o l t
15 E_a = 110 ;   // EMF i n v o l t a t a g i ve n l oa d
16 E_b = 105 ;   // EMF i n v o l t due t o a p p l i c a t i o n o f  
e x tr a l oa d
17
18   / / C a l c u l a t i o n s
19 I_a_a = ( V - ( E_a + BD ) ) / R_a ;   / / A r ma t ur e
c ur re nt f o r E a
20 I_a_b = ( V - ( E_b + BD ) ) / R_a ;   / / A r ma t ur e
c ur re nt f o r E b
21 del_E = ( ( E_a - E_b ) / E_a ) * 100 ;   / / % c h a n g e
i n c o u n t e r EMF
22 del_I = ( ( I_a_a - I_a_b ) / I_a_a ) * 100 ; // %
c ha ng e i n a rm at ur e c u r r e n t
23
24   / / D is pl ay t h e r e s u l t
25   disp ( ” E x a mp l e 4−7 S o l u t i o n : ” )
26   printf ( ” \n a : I a = %d A ”   , I _a _a ) ;
27   printf ( ” \n b : At i n c r e a s e d l o ad \n I a = %d A ”
, I_ a_ b ) ;
28   printf ( ” \n c : d e l E c = %. 2 f p e r c e n t \n del Ia =
%. 2 f p e r ce n t ”   , d el _E , d el _I ) ;

Scilab code Exa 4.8  calculate speed at different loads

1   / / E l e c t r i c M ac hi ne ry and T r an s f or m e rs
2   / / I r v i n g L k osow

56
 3   // P r en t i c e H al l o f I n d i a
4   / / 2 nd e d i t i om
5
6 / / C h ap t er 4 : DC Dynamo T or qu e R e l a t i o n s −DC Motors
7   / / E xa mp le 4−8
8
9   clear ; clc ;   close ;   // C l ea r t he work s p ac e and
consol e .
10
11   / / G iv en d a ta
12 V_a = 120 ;   // Rated t e r m in a l v o l t a g e o f t he DC
motor i n v o l t
13 R_a = 0.2 ;   // Armature c i r c u i t r e s i s t a n c e i n ohm
14 R_sh = 60 ; // S hun t f i e l d r e s i s t a n c e i n ohm
15 I_l = 40 ;   / / L in e c u r r e nt i n A @ f u l l l o ad
16 BD = 3 ; // Brush v o l t a g e d r o p i n v o l t
17 S _o ri g = 1 80 0 ;   // Rated f u l l  −l o ad s pe ed i n rpm
18
19   / / C a l c u l a ti o n s
20 I_f = V_a / R_sh ;   // F i e l d c u r r e n t i n A
21 I_a = I_l - I_f ; / / A rm at ur e c u r r e n t @ f u l l l o a d
22 E _c _or ig = V_a - ( I_a * R_a + BD ) ; // Back EMF @
f u l l loa d
23
24 I_a_a = I_a / 2 ;   // Armature c u r r e nt @ h a l f l o ad
25 E_c_a = V_a - ( I_a_a * R_a + BD ) ; // Back EMF @
h a l f l oa d
26 S_a = S_orig * ( E_c_a / E_c _or ig ) ;   / / S pe ed @
f u l l loa d
27
28 I_a_b = I_a * ( 5 / 4 ) ;   / / A rm at ur e c u r r e n t @ 1 2 5%
overload
29 E_c_b = V_a - ( I_a_b * R_a + BD ) ; // Back EMF @
1 25% o v e r l o a d
30 S_b = S_orig * ( E_c_b / E_c _or ig ) ;   / / S pe ed @ 1 25
% o v e rl o a d
31
32   / / D is pl ay t h e r e s u l t

57
Book Description

Title:  Electric Machinery And Transformers

Author:  I. L. Kosow

Publisher:  Prentice Hall Of India, New Delhi

Edition: 2

Year:   1992

ISBN:   0876927754

1
 Scilab numbering policy used in this document and the relation to the
above book.

Exa  Example (Solved example)

Eqn  Equation (Particular equation of the above book)

AP  Appendix to Example(Scilab Code that is an Appednix to a particular

Example of the above book)

For example, Exa 3.51 means solved example 3.51 of this book. Sec 2.3 means
a scilab code whose theory is explained in Section 2.3 of the book.

2
Contents

Listt of Sc
Lis Scil
ilab
ab Codes
Codes 5

1 ELECTR
ELECTROMECHANICAL
OMECHANICAL FUND
FUNDAMENT
AMENTALS
ALS 11

2 DY
DYNAMO
NAMO CONSTR
CONSTRUCTIO
UCTION
N AND WINDIN
WINDINGS
GS 27

3 DC DY
DYNAMO
NAMO VOL
VOLT
TAG
AGE
E REL
RELA
ATIONS DC GENE
GENERA
RATORS
TORS 37

4 DC DYNAMO
DYNAMO TORQUE
TORQUE RELA
RELATION
TIONS
S DC MOTORS
MOTORS 49

5 ARMA
ARMATUR
TURE
E REA
REACTI
CTION
ON AND COM
COMMU
MUT
TATIO
TION
N IN DY-
NAMOS 80

6 AC DYNAMO VOL
VOLTAGE RELATIONS
RELATIONS ALTERNA
ALTERNATORS
TORS 84

7 PARAL
ARALLEL
LEL OPER
OPERA
ATION 103

8 AC DYNAMO
DYNAMO TORQUE
TORQUE RELATIONS
RELATIONS SYNCHR
SYNCHRONOU
ONOUS
S
MOTORS 129

9 POLYPHAS
POLYPHASE
E INDUCTION
INDUCTION OR ASYNCHRO
ASYNCHRONOUS
NOUS D
DY-
Y-
NAMOS 182

10 SINGLE PHASE MOTORS 225

11 SPECIALIZED DYNAMOS 234

12 POWER ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY RELATIONS OF

DC AND AC DYNAMOS 241

3
13 RATINGS
RATINGS SELECTION AND MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE OF ELEC-
TRIC MACHINERY 298

14 TRANSFORMERS 317

4
List of Scilab Codes

Exa 1.1 calculate

calcul ate av
avera
erage
ge vovolta
ltage
ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Exaa 1.
Ex 1.22 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee e an
and dE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Exaa 1.
Ex 1.33 cal
alccul
ulat
atee E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Exaa 1.4
Ex 1.4 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee E fo
forr diff
differeren
entt the
theta
ta   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Exaa 1.5
Ex 1.5 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee Eper
Eperpatpath h Eg
Eg Ia Ia Ra
Ra Vt
Vt P . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Exaa 1.6
Ex 1.6 repea
repeatetedd pr
prev
evio
ious
us eg wi withth 4po
4poleless   . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Exaa 1.7
Ex 1.7 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee Eav
Eav per co coil
il an
and d per
per coil
coilsiside
de . . . . . . . . . 18
Exaa 1.8
Ex 1.8 ver
erif
ify
y pre
previ
viou
ouss eg
eg wit
withh phi
phi in webeebers rs . . . . . . . . . . 19
Exaa 1.9
Ex 1.9 ver
erif
ify
y eg1
eg1 5b wiwithth eq
eq11 5a
5a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Exaa 1.1
Ex 1.100 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee Z an
andd Eg
Eg   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Exa 1.1
1.111 calcul
cal culate
ate F and
and find
find itsits direc
directio
tionn . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Exa 1.1
1.122 repeat
repe at prev
previous
ious eg withwith angangle
le 75
75 . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Exa 1.1
1.133 calcul
cal culate
ate cou
count
nterer emf  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Exa 1.14
1.14 calcul
cal culate
ate Eg
Eg phi in in linespe
linesperpol
rpolee and mWb mWb   . . . . . . . 25
Exa 2.1 calcul
cal culate
ate a for lap and wa wave
ve win
windindingsgs . . . . . . . . . 27
Exaa 2.
Ex 2.22 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee ge
gene
nera
rate
tedd em
emf  f  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Exaa 2.
Ex 2.33 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee pol
poles
espa
pan n p kp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Exaa 2.
Ex 2.44 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee kp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Exaa 2.
Ex 2.55 find
fin d al
alph
phaa n th
thetetaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Exaa 2.6
Ex 2.6 find
fin d n alph
alphaa kd fo forr diffe
differe ren
nt num
numberber of slo
slots
ts . . . . . . 32
Exaa 2.7
Ex 2.7 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee Eg
Eg Np
Np kd kd kpkp Egp
Egp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Exaa 2.
Ex 2.88 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee f S om
omeg egaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Exaa 3.
Ex 3.11 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee I1 If Ia Eg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Exaa 3.
Ex 3.22 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee Rd Eg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Exaa 3.
Ex 3.33 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee Vn
Vnoloload
oad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Exaa 3.
Ex 3.44 cal
alccul
ulat
atee E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Exaa 3.
Ex 3.55 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee Ia Eg   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Exaa 3.
Ex 3.66 calc
ca lcul
ulat
atee VR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

5
Exa 3.
Exa 3.77 calcul
calc ulat
atee Vn
Vnoloload
oad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Exaa 3.
Ex 3.88 calc
calcul
ulat
atee Is
IsNs
Ns Rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Exaa 3.
Ex 3.99 calc
calcul
ulat
atee Rd VnVnll Vfl
Vfl   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Exa 3.1
3.100 determ
det ermine
ine app
approroxx size
size of
of dynam
dynamoo   . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Exaa 4.
Ex 4.11 calc
calcul
ulat
atee fo
forc
rcee an
andd to
torqrque
ue   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Exaa 4.
Ex 4.22 calc
calcul
ulat
atee fo
forc
rcee an
andd to
torqrque
ue   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Exa 4.3 calcul
calculate
ate av
avera
erage
ge for
force
ce and tortorque
que . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Exaa 4.
Ex 4.44 calc
calcul
ulat
atee to
torq
rque
ue de
dev vel
elope
oped d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Exa 4.5 calcul
calculate
ate arm
armatu
ature
re cur
curren
rentt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Exa 4.6 calcul
calculate
ate tor
torque
que due to ch chang
angee in
in field
field flux . . . . . . . 54
Exa 4.7 calcul
calculate
ate Ia and
and perc
percen entag
tagee chan
changege in Ia andand E   . . . . 55
Exa 4.8 calcul
calculate
ate spee
speed d at diff
differe
erent
nt loa
loads
ds   . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Exa 4.9 calcul
calculate
ate spee
speed d with
with incincrea
reased
sed lin
linee curr
curren
entt . . . . . . . 58
Exa 4.1
4.100 calcul
calculate
ate pow
powerer dev
develoeloped
ped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Exa 4.11
4.11 conve
con vert
rt torqu
torquee readin
readings gs into
into Nm and and lbft
lbft . . . . . . . 61
Exa 4.12
4.12 calcul
calculate
ate Ist
Ist and percen
percentag tagee of load curr
currenentt   . . . . . . 63
Exa 4.13
4.13 calcul
calculate
ate Rs
Rs at vari
various
ous bac
back Emfs and and Ec at zero zero Rs . 64
Exa 4.14
4.14 calculate
calcu late field flux in percenpercentt and final torquetorque devdeveloped
eloped 65
Exa 4.15
4.15 calculate
calcu late torque
torque dev
developed
eloped forfor varyin
varyingg flux and and Ia . . . 67
Exa 4.16
4.16 calcul
calculate
ate speed
speed at rated
rated load
load and
and P andand hp . . . . . . 68
Exa 4.17
4.17 calcul
calculate
ate speed
speed torq
torqueue and
and horsepo
horsepowe werr   . . . . . . . . . 69
Exa 4.18
4.18 calcul
calculate
ate speed
speed with
with and withou
withoutt divert
diverterer   . . . . . . . 72
Exa 4.19 calculate
calcu late perce
percentag
ntagee speed regul
regulation
ation . . . . . . . . . . 74
Exa 4.2
4.200 calcul
calculate
ate no load speespeed d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Exa 4.21 calculate
calcu late int
internal
ernal and exteexternal
rnal torqu
torquee . . . . . . . . . 76
Exa 4.22 calculate
calcu late outpu
outputt torque
torque in ounce
ounceinc
inches
hes   . . . . . . . . . 77
Exa 4.2
4.233 calcul
calculate
ate spee
speed d and
and tortorque
que . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Exaa 5.
Ex 5.11 calc
calcul
ulat
atee Zp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Exa 5.2
5.2 calculate
calcu late cross and de magnemagnetising
tising ampere
ampereconduc
conductorsper
torsper--
pole and amperet
ampereturnsper
urnsperpolepole   . .