Climate Consultant

PORTFOLIO
ARCHITECTURE + CLIMATE ESPONSIVE DESIGN
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES
SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

1
CONTENT
1. PART-A
a) Air Temperature
b) Relative Humidity
c) Wind Wheel
2. PART-B
a) Sun Path
b) Time Table Plot
c) Rainfall Data
d) Driving Rain Index,
e) Sky cover
3. PART-C
a) Design Guidelines for Location

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LOCATION - MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Latitude/ Longitude: 18.19° N, 72.82 ° E,
Data Source : ISHRAE 430030 WMO STATION NUMBER.
Elevation: 11 M
THE CLIMATE OF MUMBAI
Mumbai, the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra, has a tropical climate classified as Aw under
the Köppen climatic classification. Typical of a wet and dry climate, Mumbai experiences a long dry
season, a rainy season, and a hot and sunny winter. Blessed with sunshine all year, the ocean
temperature in Mumbai is continuously warm and pleasant, with an annual average of 27.8°C (82°F).

STREET CHARACTERISTICS OF MUMBAI 3
• Streets are predominantly along east-west
axis, which is running from north to south.
• However, according to the climatic data
building must be orientated such that the
longer axis’s face north and south.
• This orientation major road matches the
direction of the sea.
• This region residing besides the sea is the
reason for the high humidity almost
throughout the year of Mumbai.
HERITAGE SITE OF MUMBAI

• The architecture
of MUMBAI blends Gothic, Victorian, Art-
deco, Indo-Saracenic and contemporary
architectural styles.
• Many buildings, structures and historical
monuments remain from the colonial era.
Mumbai, after Miami, has the second largest
number of Art Deco buildings in the world.

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PART-A
• Air Temperature
• Relative Humidity
• Wind Wheel

AIR-TEMPERATURE 5
INFERENCES:
• The comfort zone is between the stretch

of grey colour depicted in the above
table which ranges from 23 ° C - 27 ° C.
• The highest noted Avg. Mean DBT is

around 30.08 °C in the month of MAY.
• Almost all other months have comfort

level temperatures.
• The diurinal range is highest at 6.5
Air-temperature (12
MONTHS) DATA
(CELCIUS):

DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE THROUGHOUT THE YEAR: 6

AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: 7
JANUARY HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: APRIL HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
FEBRUARY HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: MAY HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
MARCH HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: JUNE HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:

8
JULY HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: OCTOBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 1
AUGUST HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: NOVEMBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
SEPTEMBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: DECEMBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:

INFERENCES DRAWN FROM EACH MONTH: 9
MONTH INFERENCES
JANUARY In the month of January from 1:00am-9:00am, it is found to be mostly cold mornings as the sun rises and by mid afternoon are found to be
somewhat comfortable and as the sun goes down the nights are found to be cooler back again.
FEBRUARY Compared to January the thermal comfort zones from 9:00am:-8:00pm is found to be increased by some amount and by night it needs heating.
MARCH By the month of march the hot season starts where the mornings & night seem to be thermally comfort and afternoon from 11:00am-7:00pm lots of
shading is required to cut down the surge of heat.
APRIL Compared to March , April becomes the weather gets even hotter with a steep rise in temperatures to read between 22.5°C at its coldest and
38.5°C at its warmest making the days hot. Predominantly shading is required.
MAY May becomes the most uncomfortable month of the year where there is no cooling is experienced even in mornings. Even by night 7pm- 11pm the
temperature remains hot and hence the design should be in such a way that the heat is not trapped inside the house and methods like stack effect
should be adopted to experience better comfort.
JUNE by the end of June the warmer seasons shuts down by increasing the comfort conditions.
JULY Since by the month of July predominate rain is noted, the amount of heat or warmer period has reduced down predominantly by increasing the
comfortable periods of the month.
AUGUST this month is found to be the most comfortable month of the year.
SEPTEMBER Between 9am-4pm, there is some amount of increase in the air temperature as it is the end of rainy season and hence there is rise of humidity in air.
OCTOBER Here the mornings and nights are found to be thermally comfortable and the mid afternoons are found to have an upsurge of temperature from
9am-5pm in the evenings.
NOVEMBER By the end of November the mornings seem to be much colder than the previous months and by mi- afternoon is found to experience warmer
temperature and hence cooling is required.
DECEMBER Predominently heating is required in the mornings between 1am-8am and there is a sudden rise of temperature in mid afternoons.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY 10
INFERENCES:
• There is a need to dehumidify the
air as the relative humidity is
predominantly high throughout the
air. March to Nov is almost always
humid. Relative humidity of more
than 90% is recorded between JUN-
AUG.
• Such high humidity level cannot be
solved with passive methods alone
and need mechanical
dehumidification to restore comfort
levels during this period.

WIND WHEEL DATA 11
Annual wind wheel data: INFERENCES:
• Annual data: Major winds swing from

NORTH-WEST to SOUTH-WEST
throughout the year.
• winds predominantly are from north

and south. This makes it easier for
design because the best orientation
for this climate solely in the point of
view of radiation gain would be
along north-south axis. Since winds
predominantly are from north and
south- gives ample scope for cross
ventilation through the longer sides.
Winds are mostly hot.
• Summer(APRIL-JULY): winds
predominantly originate from the
SOUTH WEST and NORTH WEST.
• Winter(JULY-SEPT): the winds change
direction is majorly from the western
direction.

MONTHLY WIND WHEEL DATA 12
JANUARY MARCH JUNE AUGUST
PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH-WEST PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: SOUTH-WEST
SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: EAST - NORTH PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH-WEST SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: WEST- PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: SOUTH-WEST
SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: EAST - NORTH NORTH SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: WEST-NORTH
FEBRUARY MAY JULY SEPTEMBER

PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH-WEST PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: SOUTH-WEST PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: SOUTH-WEST PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: WEST-NORTH
SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: EAST - NORTH SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH-WEST SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: WEST-NORTH SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: SOUTH-WEST

MONTHLY WIND WHEEL DATA 13
OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH-EAST PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH-EAST PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH-WEST
SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: WEST-SOUTH SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: WEST-NORTH SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH-EAST

WIND SPEED & WIND DIRECTION DATA 14
INFERENCES:
•Good wind speeds were observed between June and
August with the maximum (5.36m/s) during the month
of July.
•Wind speed higher during peak rainy months.
•Winter months has relatively hinger wind speed.

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PART-B
• Sun Path
• Time Table Plot
• Rainfall Data
• Driving Rain Index,
• Sky cover
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- B – STATERGIES

SUNPATH 16
Hottest month (May): Solar altitude is high (9-10 degrees) during the
peak time between 08:00pm-7:00pm .
Solar Azimuth is between (70-290 degrees) during the same time –
West/south high radiation.
Coldest month (Feb): Solar altitude is low (0-9 degrees) during the
coldest period from 1:00am-8:00am
Solar Azimuth is between 100-103 degrees during the same time- Make
use of east side radiation

TIME TABLE PLOT 17
INFERENCES:
• Temperatures are high between sun-rise and

sun-set. June has the max sunlight hours
(7:00am – 8:00pm).
• The overheated time is till 8:00pm- however,
sun sets way before that.
• According to this model March-Oct has high
temperatures, while temperature peaks
during April.
• Between 8:00pm – 4:00am max temperatures
have been recorded.
• The temperature remains cool during
mornings of the months of JAN-FEB between
1:00am -7:00am.

RAINFALL 18
INFERENCES:
• A lot of rain (rainy season) falls in the
months: June, July, August and
September.
• Mumbai has dry periods in January,
February, March, April, May,
November and December.
• On average, July is the wettest
month.
• On average, March is the driest
month.
• The average amount of annual • Therefore rainwater harvesting can be majorly done during the
precipitation is: 2260.0 mm (88.98 in) months of June-September.

DRIVING RAIN INDEX 19
CALCULATION OF DRIVING RAIN INDEX:

DRI = Annual Rainfall (mm) x Average Speed of wind
ANNUAL DRI (SUMMATION OF MONTHLY DRI): 5884.8
INFERENCES:
▪ Driving rain index of MUMBAI falls under the sheltered zone. Vertical surfaces of the building
are mostly protected from the driving rain
▪ However, July has recorded the highest wind speed and during the AUG 560 mm rainfall is
estimated. Driving Rain Index may be considered for this month in particular – southern wind
direction predominant.

SKYCOVER 20
INFERENCE:
• The sky cover remains high for

the most part of the year.
• The months recorded to be
average high are the rainy
seasons.
• The mean skycover rang
remains more or less 9%-20%
between the months of
JAN.FEB,MARCH,APRIL,NOV
&DEC.
• Highest recorded sky cover is
about 97% in the month of
august.
• The diffuse fraction of solar
radiation is quite high due to
cloud cover, and the radiation
can be intense on clear days.

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PART-C
DESIGN GUIDELINES
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- C – STATERGIES

DESIGN GUIDELINES 7
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• The climate in Mumbai is predominantly warm and humid.
• Although temperatures are not very high in summer, conditions are uncomfortable due to the high humidity.
• May is the hottest month with the monthly average daily maximum temperature reaching as high as 32 °C, coupled with a humidity of about 60%
during daytime.
• It shows that mechanical air conditioning is required from April to October during the day. At nights, wind or fan induced ventilation can
provide comfort. In March, only ventilation cooling is needed.
• The months of January, February, November and December are mostly comfortable.
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR HOT & HUMID CLIMATE

• The high humidity encourages abundant vegetation in these regions. The dissipation of the accumulated heat from the earth to the night sky is generally
marginal due to the presence of clouds. Hence, the diurnal variation in temperature is quite low. In summer, temperatures can reach as high as 30 – 35 ºC
during the day, and 25 – 30 ºC at night. In winter, the maximum temperature is between 25 to 30 ºC during the day and 20 to 25 ºC at night. Although the
temperatures are not excessive, the high humidity causes discomfort.
• An important characteristic of this region is the relative humidity, which is generally very high, about 70 – 90 % throughout the year. Precipitation is also
high, being about 1200 mm per year, or even more. Hence, the provision for quick drainage of water is essential in this zone.
• The wind is generally from one or two prevailing directions with speeds ranging from extremely low to very high. Wind is desirable in this climate, as it
can cause sensible cooling of the body.
• The main design criteria in the warm and humid region are to reduce heat gain by providing shading, and promote heat loss by maximising cross
ventilation. Dissipation of humidity is also essential to reduce discomfort.

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1)Site
b)Water bodies
(a) Landform
• For flat sites, design • Water bodies are not essential as they would tend to further increase the
considerations for the landform is humidity.
immaterial.
• In case of slopes and depressions, the
building should be located on the
windward side or crest to take
advantage of cool breezes. c) Street width and orientation
• Major streets should be oriented parallel to or within 30 of the prevailing wind
direction during summer months to encourage ventilation in warm and humid
regions.
• A north-south direction is ideal from the point of view of blocking solar radiation.
• The width of the streets should be such that the intense solar radiation during late
morning and early afternoon is avoided during the summers.
(d) Open spaces and built form

Buildings should be spread out with large open spaces in between for
unrestricted air movement.
In cities, buildings on stilts can promote ventilation and cause cooling at the
ground level.

OBJECTIVES & PHYSICAL MANIFESTATIONS 1
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2)Promote heat loss

1)Resist heat gain
1. Ventilation of appliances
1. Decrease exposed surface area
a) Provide windows/ exhausts.
2. Increase thermal resistance-
2. Increase air exchange rate (Ventilation throughout the day)
a) Roof insulation and wall insulation.
a) Ventilated roof construction. Courtyards, wind towers and
b) Reflective surface of roof.
arrangement of openings.
3. Increase buffer spaces
3. Decrease humidity levels
a) Balconies and verandahs.
a) Dehumidifiers/ desiccant cooling.
4. Increase shading
a) Walls, glass surfaces protected by overhangs, fins and trees 3)COLOUR & TEXTURE:
5. Increase surface reflectivity

a) Pale colour, glazed china mosaic tiles, etc. • The walls should be painted with light pastel shades or whitewashed,
while the surface of the roof can be of broken glazed tile(china mosaic
flooring) to reflect the sunlight back to the environment, and hence
reduce heat gain of the building.
• The use of appropriate colours and surface finishes is a cheap and very
effective technique to lower indoor temperatures.The surface finish
should be protected from/ resistant to the effects of moisture.

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1.)Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm 2.)To capture natural ventilation, wind direction can be changed up to
weather, if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes. 45 degrees toward the building by exterior wingwalls and planting .
REASON FOR SUGGESTION:

• Predominant wind direction is from the north and south –
creating an ideal situation for cross ventilation. • Give the high temperatures in the city, providing
• Need to provide operable windows to block wind during large openings is out of the question. However, small
winter period. or medium sized windows can be used to achieve
• This depends on the size and shape of the .It is better to this strategy without compromising on heat gain.
go for a narrow plot.
3.)Long narrow building floorplan can help maximise cross ventilation in 4.)To facilitate cross ventilation, locate door and window openings on opposite
temperate and hot humid climates. sides of building with larger openings facing up-wind if possible .

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• In point of view of decreasing heat gain in the • Ceiling fan would be much needed in this • It is viable to produce this strategy.
building it is ideal to have a porch/patio/balcony. location to both reduce discomfort and to However, given a residential house – it
• Since the element is ‘screened’ ventilation is reduce reliance of a/c systems – gives a might end up looking like a narrow
effectively blocked ,having a mesh system with more energy efficient option even though corridor. Internal wall also help delay heat
tiny spaces for wind to enter can be worked on. it uses mechanical system. gain inside the building. May be used for
certain spaces only.

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• Stack effect cannot be used efficiently using
this strategy.
• Must be used in this location. Sun shades can
• Need manual or occupant interference. Less of
effectively protect the building from incident
building design strategy.
solar radiation and by allowing the same to
enter during winter time would be ideal.
• The site does have high diurnal ranges and
• A compromise must be made when designing
this strategy can be put in use.
the sun shade

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REASON FOR SUGEESTION: REASON FOR SUGEESTION:
These are simple yet effective to protect the It is ideal for bringing down the
building from the harsh summer sun. These temperatures. Operable screening at such
strategies must be used in the building for spaces must be partially opened to allow the
bringing the indoor conditions close to the breeze to enter. Windows can be kept along
comfort limits. this wall and used for cross ventilation.

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REASON FOR SUGGESTION: REASON FOR SUGGESTION:
• Wind direction predominantly comes from the REASON FOR SUGGESTION:

• Heavy rainfall only between June-Sep. DRI when
south side during the summer time but windows calculated shows that it is predominantly sheltered but
can still be provided. • West side will be heavily heated compared to
perhaps in June, where rainfall and wind direction is the other sides and must be protected. Instead
• South side windows can be shaded easily (due to higher there is need for this strategy.
higher altitude angle of the sun) and allow cross of using long horizontal sun shades – a
ventilation in north-south sides. compromise can be made be reducing the sun
shade depth and using shade giving trees.

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THANK YOU

PORTFOLIO
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
TOOLS
ARCHITECTURE & CLIMATIC RESPONSIVE DESIGN
NEW DELHI CLIMATE - PORTFOLIO : PERFORMANCE

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NAME- PRIYANKA.D REG.NO.= RA1912201010017
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• PART-A……………............................................
• INTRODUCTION
• Air Temperature,
• Relative Humidity
• Time Table Plot
• Wind Wheel .
• PART B……………………………………………………………..
• Sun Path,
• Time Table Plot
• Rainfall Data,
• Sky cover
• PART-C……………………………………………………………..
• Design Guidelines for Location
• PART-D..................................................................
• Base Case IES-VE Simulation
• PART –E………………………………………….
• Strategies to be adopted:
• (1) Simulation
• (2) Literature Study
• PART-F……………………………………………
• EDGE Tool
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE

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PART A
•Air Temperature,
•Relative Humidity
•Time Table Plot
•Wind Wheel
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PART -A -PERFORMANCE

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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS REPORT
LOCATION: NEW DELHI,DELHI India
COORDINATES: 28.58NORTH , 77.2DEG EAST
CLIMATIC ZONE: HUMID SUBTROPICAL AND A SEMI ARID
ELEVATION ABOVE SEA LEVEL: 708FT
Delhi, the capital city of India is located in Northern India in the state Haryana. The latitude and longitude are 23.28 degrees north and 77.13 degrees east.Delhi is actually
separated into two components, Old Delhi and New Delhi. Old Delhi is split off in the North being a historical destination as well as the home of many slums. New Delhi in the
South is more modern and structured than Old Delhi but is full with many slums too
Delhi remains one of the oldest surviving cities in the world today. It is in fact, an amalgam of eight cities, each built in a
different era on a different site – each era leaving its mark, and adding character to it – and each ruler leaving a personal
layer of architectural identity. It has evolved into a culturally secular city – absorbing different religions, diverse cultures,
both foreign and indigenous, and yet functioning as one organic entity. It was known for its riches – both material and
cultural – foreign travelers were hypnotized by it – books have been written on it since time immemorial, poets have
loved it and Kings and Emperors have fought over it.
 STREET TYPOLOGY:The city plan of Delhi is a mixture of old and new road patterns. The street network of Old Delhi reflects the defense needs of an earlier era, with a few transverse
streets leading from one major gate to another.
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PART-A- PERFORMANCE

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 Occasionally a street from a subsidiary gate leads directly to the main axes, but most Old Delhi streets tend to be irregular in direction, length, and width.
 Narrow and winding paths, culs-de-sac, alleys, and byways form an intricate matrix that renders much of Old Delhi accessible only to pedestrian traffic. Conversely, the Civil Lines (residential
areas originally built by the British for senior officers) in the north and New Delhi in the south embody an element of relative openness, characterized by green grass, trees, and a sense of order.
Two prominent features of the geography of Delhi are the Yamuna flood plains and the Delhi ridge. The Yamuna river was the historical boundary between Punjab and UP, and its flood
plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for agriculture but are prone to recurrent floods
LANDUSE:The pattern of land use in Delhi was influenced considerably by the
implementation (albeit partial) of the Delhi Development Authority’s 20-year
(1962–81) master plan.
Broadly, public and semipublic land use was concentrated in the Central Secretariat
area of New Delhi and in the Old Secretariat area in the Civil Lines, with subsidiary
centres developing in the Indraprastha Estate (an office complex) in the east and in
Ramakrishnapuram (an office-cum-residence complex) in the south.
A large number of small manufacturing establishments have entrenched themselves in

almost every part of Old Delhi, but the main industrial areas have gravitated toward
Najafgarh Road in the west and the large planned Okhla Industrial Estate in the south.
Land for commercial use is found mainly in the Chandni Chowk and Khari Baoli areas,
both in the north; in the Sadar Bazar of Old Delhi; in the Ajmal Khan Road area of
Karol Bagh in western Delhi; around Connaught Place in New Delhi; and in the areas of
Lajpat Nagar

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TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES:
•Old Delhi, gates or doorways open onto one-, two-, or three-story residences and courtyards or onto katra (one-room tenements facing a courtyard or other enclosure that has access to the street
only by a single opening or gate).
• The prevalence of courtyards has helped to cultivate a strong sense of mohalla (“neighbourhood”) in the area.
• Also typical of Old Delhi are urban village enclaves, such as Kotla Mubarakpur, where houses and streets retain their rural character.
• The Civil Lines area is characterized by old one-story bungalows inhabited by those in the upper-income bracket.
• In New Delhi, the government housing areas are grouped by income. Significant parts of the city are densely packed with substandard, often dilapidated housing, inhabited mostly by construction
workers, sweepers, factory labourers, and other low-income groups.
CLIMATIC SUMMARY:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY Humidity is relatively higher during the hot season, measuring an average of 34.9% than in the cold season
when it measures an average of 28.2%.
Visibility during the cold season is reduced to not more than 10km on average owing to the winds and foggy
days experienced during the freezing days.
WIND it experiences a maximum temperature of 45-48 DEG C in june during summer

and minimum of 1-2 deg c during summer
it has a normal rainfall of 611mm
the air over delhi is dry during the greater part of the year
humidity is highest during monsoon while april and may are driest months
mean wind speed ranges from 0.9-0.2m/s
summer months witness the thunder storms and dust storms
these are generally dry but accompanied with heavy rains

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AIR TEMPERATURE
•According to Adaptive Comfort Model in ASHRAE Standard 55-2010, the comfort operative temperature is taken between 19.5 -30.6
DEG C
•Peak winter period ranges from December January
•Sun Shades must be provided during the peak summer period – need to note solar azimuth and altitude angles during over heated
date/hour
•Sun must be allowed to infiltrate inside the building during peak winter months
•However, winter months seem to be more comfortable during daylight hours, which mean cold temperatures are mostly restricted to
night time.
•Red represents the timings where temperature is higher than the comfort limits. The overheated period is between 7.00AM -5:30PM
• The length of the day in New Delhi varies over the course of the year. In 2020, the shortest day is December 21, with 10 hours,
19 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 21, with 13 hours, 58 minutes of daylight.
• The earliest sunrise is at 5:22 AM on June 10, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 53 minutes later at 7:15 AM on January 11. The
earliest sunset is at 5:23 PM on December 2, and the latest sunset is 1 hour, 59 minutes later at 7:23 PM on June 30.
• the hot season runs from mid-april through october
• and is characterized by relatively higher rainfall, especially between june and september that measures up to an average of 137.2mm
(5.4").
• the temperatures in the season range on average between 22°C (71.6°F) on the coldest days and 39°C (102.2°F) on the hottest days.
• The cold season receives minimal rainfall measuring only to an average of 12.7mm (0.5") across November through March.
• Temperatures in the season are mildly warm ranging between 7°C (44.6°F) on the coldest days and 28°C (82.4°F) on the warmest days
but sometimes get extremely low near freezing. During the cold season, chilly winds are experienced, making the mornings and
evenings quite chilly, blowing at an average of 10.1km/h (6.3mph).
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PART-A PERFORMANCE

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Winter December To January 5 To 25 deg C – Very Cold
Spring January To May 20-25 deg C-sunny And Pleasant
Monsoon July To Mid September 30-35 deg C-wet, Hot And

Humid
Summer April To June 25-45 deg C-very Hot

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AIR TEMPERATURE (12 MONTHS) DATA (FEHRENHEIT):
Temperature above 19.5 °C / 67.1 DEF F (OR CLOSE TO THE VALUE)
Temperature ABOVE 30.1 DEG C / 87.2 DEG F Comfortable 19.5DEG C-30.1 DEF C / 67.1DEG
F-87.2DEG F
INFERENCE ON DIURNAL RANGE:

•Diurnal Range is high during winter months and drops during the summer months.
•Monsoon season records a low diurnal range
DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE THROUGHT THE YEAR:

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AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: JANUARY HOURLY MEAN
TEMPERATURE:
AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: FEBUARY HOURLY MEAN

TEMPERATURE:
AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: MARCH HOURLY MEAN

TEMPERATURE:

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AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: APRIL HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: MAY HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: JUNE HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PART-A - PERFORMANCE

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AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: JULY HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: AUGUST HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: SEPTEMBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:

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AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: OCTOBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: NOVEMBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:
AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE EVERY MONTH: DECEMBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:

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NAME- PRIYANKA.D REG.NO.=RA1912201010017
INFERENCES DRAWN EACH MONTH ON HOURLY DATA:
JANUARY January 7, the coldest day of the year, they range from 46°F to 67°F.
Brief period for a few hours (12:00 pm-4:00pm) during the afternoon is the comfortable
time. As soon as the sun goes down temperature drops drastically to thermally
uncomfortable levels. Need to retain afternoon heat as much as possible for night time
FEBUARY Lot more thermally comfortable than Jan but night time temperatures are still very low. Afternoons
are predominantly pleasant. Towards the end of the month sun shades are required around peak
afternoon times.
MARCH
Daily high temperatures increase by 12°F, from 79°F to 91°F, rarely falling below 72°F or
exceeding 98°F.
Daily low temperatures increase by 10°F, from 57°F to 67°F, rarely falling below 52°F or
exceeding 72°F.
From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day increases by 51 minutes,
implying an average daily increase of 1 minute, 43 seconds, and weekly increase of 12 minutes, 0
seconds.
APRIL The year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 55% on July 21, and its lowest chance is 2% on
November 25.
The shortest day of the month is April 1, with 12 hours, 28 minutes of daylight and the longest
day is April 30, with 13 hours, 15 minutes of daylight.

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MAY
•Daily high temperatures increase by 3°F, from 100°F to 103°F, rarely falling below 93°F or
exceeding 110°F. The highest daily average high temperature is 103°F on May 28.
Daily low temperatures increase by 5°F, from 77°F to 82°F, rarely falling below 71°F or
exceeding 88°F.
The latest sunrise of the month in New Delhi is 5:40 AM on May 1 and the earliest sunrise
is 16 minutes earlier at 5:23 AM on May 31.
The earliest sunset is 6:56 PM on May 1 and the latest sunset is 18 minutes later at 7:14
PM on May 31.
JUNE The earliest sunrise of the month in New Delhi is 5:22 AM on June 10 and the latest sunrise is 4 minutes later at
5:26 AM on June 30.
The earliest sunset is 7:14 PM on June 1 and the latest sunset is 8 minutes later at 7:23 PM on June 30.
JULY The earliest sunrise of the month in New Delhi is 5:26 AM on July 1 and the
latest sunrise is 15 minutes later at 5:42 AM on July 31.
The latest sunset is 7:23 PM on July 1 and the earliest sunset is 11 minutes
earlier at 7:12 PM on July 31.
AUGUST The earliest sunrise of the month in New Delhi is 5:42 AM on August 1 and the
latest sunrise is 16 minutes later at 5:58 AM on August 31.
The latest sunset is 7:11 PM on August 1 and the earliest sunset is 28 minutes
earlier at 6:43 PM on August 31.

EVALUATION TOOLS
SEPTEMBER
The earliest sunrise of the month in New Delhi is 5:59 AM on September 1 and the latest
sunrise is 14 minutes later at 6:13 AM on September 30.
Daylight saving time is not observed in New Delhi
OCTOBER Daily high temperatures decrease by 6°F, from 92°F to 85°F, rarely falling below 81°F or
exceeding 96°F.
Daily low temperatures decrease by 12°F, from 73°F to 62°F, rarely falling below 58°F or
exceeding 78°F.
NOVEMBER Daily high temperatures decrease by 9°F, from 85°F to 76°F, rarely falling below 72°F or
exceeding 89°F.
Daily low temperatures decrease by 10°F, from 61°F to 52°F, rarely falling below 47°F or
exceeding 65°F
DECEMBER Afternoon time temperatures are pleasant throughout while night time temperatures fall as
soon as the sun sets.

EVALUATION TOOLS
INFERENCES:Temperatures are high between sun-rise and sun-set. June end , july ,august has the max sunlight hours (5:00am – 7:00pm). the overheated time is till 7:00pm-
however, sun sets way before that.According to this model March-Oct has high temperatures, while temperature peaks during April and till October the temperatures are quite
high then the onset of monsoons starts..Between 11:00pm –5 :00am max temperatures have been recorded
RELATIVE HUMIDITY (12 MONTHS) DATA (%):
month january february march april may june july august september october november december
Avg Daily 74.63441 72.54315 56.77554 38.43611 50.48656 54.08333 65.12 73.47177 68.69583 65.76747 62.255554 67.79704
Avg Daily low 47.064518 50.57143 32.45161 20.9 32.54839 39.36667 47.968 57.83871 49.833332 41.35484 31.166666 40.64516
Avg Daily high 95.48387 92.39286 83.3871 61.23333 73.58064 73.4 84.935 89.54839 87.566666 88.41936 87.13333 90.03226
*Shaded region represents high humidity (>70%)

INFERENCES:
 Relative humidity is moderate to low throughout the year. By in large the average humidity does drop upto 20% , as delhi is a landlocked city ,extremes of climatic conditions and very
bad during the months of march – June is seen with humidity levels ranging from 20-40%.
 Humidity is low during the peak summer and drops only improves during the winter months. Higher precipitation levels may have been seen during September to November, the
primary cause for the decreased humidity level is there is no water by around
 Delhi is land locked city. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew
point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.
 New Delhi experiences extreme seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

EVALUATION TOOLS
 The muggier period of the year lasts for 5.0 months, from May 19 to October 19, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 25% of the time. The
muggiest day of the year is August 16, with muggy conditions 99% of the time.
 The least muggy day of the year is January 28, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.
WIND ROSE DIAGRAM AND ANALYSIS:
. May and from late September to late October, with a peak
New Delhi for hot-weather activities are from late March to early
score in the first week
 of October for winter.

EVALUATION TOOLS
INFERENCES:
 The average hourly wind speed in New Delhi experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
 The windier part of the year lasts for 5.9 months, from January 31 to July 27, with average wind speeds of more than 6.7 miles per hour. The windiest day of the
year is May 29, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.4 miles per hour.
 The calmer time of year lasts for 6.1 months, from July 27 to January 31. The calmest day of the year is October 15, with an average hourly wind speed of 5.1
miles per hour.
 The predominant average hourly wind direction in New Delhi varies throughout the year.
 The wind is most often from the east for 1.5 months, from July 13 to August 28, with a peak percentage
of 41% on July 29. The wind is most often from the west for 4.1 weeks, from August 28 to September 26

EVALUATION TOOLS
NAME- PRIYANKA.D REG.NO.=RA1912201010017
for 7.9 months, from November 17 to July 13, with a peak percentage of 34% on August 29. The wind is most often from the
north for 1.7 months, from September 26 to November 17, with a peak percentage of 40% on November 3 .
Summer: The transition weather is known as Spring and is characterized by warm days, cool nights, dry ambiance and lively natural surroundings.
The weather is pleasant and there is warm, brilliant sunshine during the day. Spring rains are a characteristic of this season. These rains may be accompanied by hail and can be
heavy.
Average temperatures show a slow, gradual rise as the wind direction shift from North-West to South-West, thereby getting warmer
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PART-A - PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION TOOLS
.PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: south SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: SOUTH-WEST
Winter::Delhi’s winter is marked by very dense fog, which dramatically reduces visibility and makes days colder by cutting off sunlight. In the opposite scenario, cold
north-westerly winds from the upper reaches of Himalayas blowing across the city makes
PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH
SECONDARY WIND DIRECTION: NORTH-WEST
MONTHLY WIND SPEED DATA:
the days feel colder, despite any sunshine and the nights further cold. During Autumn, the wind direction begins changing from South-Westerly to North-Westerly. This
season ends by early December.
INFERENCES:
Wind speed higher during peak summer months – can use cross ventilation effectively to bring down the indoor temperatures to some degree .
The average hourly wind speed in New Delhi on March 31 varies throughout the day, with a daily average of 7.6 miles per hour.
Winter months has relatively lower wind speed – Still need to block any prevailing wind during this period, may cause increase discomfort ,
The average hourly wind speed in New Delhi is essentially constant during December, remaining within 0.1 miles per hour of 6.1 miles per hour throughout.

EVALUATION TOOLS
PART B
•Sun Path,
•Time Table Plot
•Rainfall Data,
• Sky cover
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PART-B- PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION TOOLS
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS REPORT
LOCATION: NEW DELHI,DELHI India
COORDINATES: 28.58 NORTH , 77.2DEG EAST
CLIMATIC ZONE: HUMID SUBTROPICAL AND A SEMI ARID
ELEVATION ABOVE SEA LEVEL: 708FT
Part-B :MONTHLY PRECIPITATION DATA:
The hot season runs from mid-April through October and is characterized by relatively higher rainfall, especially between
June and September that measures up to an average of 137.2mm (5.4").
 A lot of rain (rainy season) falls in the months: July, August and September.
 New Delhi has dry periods in January, February, March, April, May, October, November and December.
 On average, July is the wettest month.
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PART-B PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION TOOLS
 On average, November is the driest month.
 The average amount of annual precipitation is: 642.0 mm (25.28 in)
CALCULATION OF DRIVING RAIN INDEX: DRI = Annual Rainfall (m) x Average Speed of wind
Annual DRI (Summation Of Monthly DRI): 2.430

INFERENCES:
 A lot of rain (rainy season) falls in the months: July, August and September.
New Delhi has dry periods in January, February, March, April, May, October, November and December, Driving Rain Index may be considered for this month in particular –
southern wind direction predominant
SKY COVER: MONTHLY MAX/MEAN/MIN (%):
INFERENCES:
 In New Delhi, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year.
 The clearer part of the year in New Delhi begins around September 2 and lasts for 10 months, ending around July 4. On October 13, the clearest day of the year, the
sky
is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 96% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 4% of the time.
 The cloudier part of the year begins around July 4 and lasts for 1.9 months, ending around September 2. On July 30, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky
is overcast or mostly cloudy 59% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 41% of the time.
MONTHLY RADIATION (Wh/sq.m per hour):

EVALUATION TOOLS
January, lows are around 6 °C (43 °F), but they can sometimes approach freezing (0 °C or 32 °F). During the day, however, the temperature
is pleasant: the average maximum is 21 °C (70 °F). The sun often shines, and the rains, brought by occasional disturbances, are rare. Already
in February, the temperature increases by a few degrees, and by March, it's practically summer, since the maximum temperatures are
around 30 °C (86 °F). In April, the heat becomes oppressive, in fact, the daytime temperature is on average about 36 °C (97 °F), but in the
course of the month, it can easily exceed 40 °C (104 °F). In May and June,
temperatures about 40 °C (104 °F) are the norm, but sometimes, they can reach 46/47 °C (115/117 °F). During this very hot period, rare
thunderstorms can occur, accompanied by wind gusts.
ANALYSIS OF COMBINATION OF VARIABLES
1. Dry Bulb Temperature and Humidity

Inferences:
 Dry bulb temperature and humidity has inverse relationship – when humidity is higher temperature drops and
vice-versa. However, high humidity may add to the discomfort even if temperature drops slightly due to its
effect.
 There is a direct relationship between sky cover and diffuse radiation. Increased sky cover increases the diffuse
radiation During late summer months heat gain is primarily through diffuse radiation – sun shades can only
partly reduce radiation coming from direct source.
 There is a direct relationship between the two variables. Increased sky cover increases the moisture level in the
air. July to September has high humidity levels and this coincides with the high sky cover during the period.

EVALUATION TOOLS
 Hottest month (April): Solar altitude is high (79-88 degrees) during the peak time between 12:00pm-3:00pm
 Solar Azimuth is between 270-280 degrees during the same time – West/south high radiation.
 Coldest month (Dec): Solar altitude is low (4-35 degrees) during the coldest period from 5:00am- 10:00am
 Solar Azimuth is between 118-135 degrees during the same time.

EVALUATION TOOLS
PART C
•Design Guidelines for Location
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PART-C PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION TOOLS
3.Window overhangs designed for new Delhi or operable sunshades(awnings that extend in summer. can reduce or
eliminate air conditioning External shading devices should be designed
according to the orientation of façade. For instance
on North orientation minimum or no shading is
required. On South orientation external shades
should be designed after studying the sun path.
Shading devices on South orientation could be
permanent in nature, as most part of the day, Sun
remains in South orientation. It is preferable to
design movable external shading devices on East
and West facades, so that the shades could be
removed after sun faces opposite orientation.
4. traditional passive homes in hot dry climates used high mass construction with small recessed shaded
openings, operable for nigh ventilation to cool the mass. Pergolas covered with deciduous vines provide self-
adjusting seasonal shading. A gap between the wall
and planted screens should be left for ventilation
and cooling. Vines on walls or a trellis (where
appropriate) can also provide summer insulation to
all orientations. As evergreen vines block winter
sun, they should only be used in tropical climates or
on problematic west façades.
EVALUATION TOOLS
5.On Hot Days ,Ceiling Fans Or Indoor Air Motion Can Make It Seem Cooler By 5 Degrees F (2.8)Or More
,Thus Less Air Conditioning Is Needed.
By moving air around in
the room, a ceiling fan creates a
similar wind chill
effect indoors. Therefore, even
if the air conditioner thermostat
is set to 26 degrees Celsius, the
people in
the room may feel up to 5
degrees cooler with the ceiling
fan turned on.
6.Minimize Or Eliminate West Facing Glazing To Reduce Summer And Fall Afternoon Heat Gain
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PARTC- PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION TOOLS
7.On Hot Days Ceiling Fans Or Indoor Air Motion Can Make It Seem Cooler By 5 Degrees F (2.8)Or More Thus Less
Conditioning Is Needed.
When the air conditioner is
running, ceiling fans
circulate cooled air and make people
feel even cooler. This allows you to
increase the setpoint of your air
conditioner's thermostat several degrees
without causing a perceptible decrease in
comfort.
8.Raise the indoor comfort thermostat setpoint to reduce air conditioning energy consumption (especially if
occupants wear seasonally appropriate clothing .
Energy.gov, the better way to save
money on heating bills is to set back
the temperature of your home at least
8 degrees for 8 hours or longer (while
you sleep). In fact, you can save 1% on
your heating bill for every degree that
you lower the thermostat.

EVALUATION TOOLS
9.In this climate air conditioning will always be needed , but can be greatly reduced if building design minimizes overheating.
Roof Vents
Ventilating your attic greatly reduces the
amount of accumulated heat which
otherwise radiates down into your house.
Roof vents are inexpensive ($5 to $10 each)
and easy to install. They should be located
at each end of the roof and every 12′
between ends. Installing roof vents will not
make your house cooler in winter; they will
help remove moisture from the attic.
10.Earth sheltering , occupied basements , or earth tubes reduce heat loadsin very hot dry climates because the earth stays near
average annual temperatures. An earth tube is a long, underground metal or plastic pipe
through which air is drawn. During the cooling season, as
air travels through the pipe, it gives up some of its heat to
the surrounding soil and enters the room as cooler air.
Similarly, during heating season, as air travels through the
pipe, it receives some of its heat from the soil and enters
the room as warmer air
NEW DELHI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO –PARTC PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION TOOLS
11.Flat Roofs Work Well In Hot Dry Climate(Especially If Light Colored) Flat roofs are most common in predominantly hot arid
regions, with low annual precipitation. The roofs
provide additional living space (for household activities
and sleeping at night) and facilitate vertical extensions
of the building.
• Sheet decking must be laid in falls with large
overlaps. An ingenious alternative to corrugated sheets
are canaletas (trough-shaped asbestos cement roofing
elements) which can span entire dwellings without
12.Good Natural Ventilation Can Reduce Or Eliminate Air Conditioning In Warm supporting structures, thus saving material, costs and
Weather If Windows Are Well Shaded And Oriented To Prevailing Breezes. lime of installation.
Natural ventilation relies on the wind and the

"chimney effect" to keep a home cool. Natural
ventilation works best in climates with cool nights
and regular breezes. The wind will naturally
ventilate your home by entering or leaving
windows, depending on their orientation to the
wind.

EVALUATION TOOLS
13.Use Light Colored Building Materials And Cool Roofs (With High Emissivity )To Minimize Conducted Heat Gain .
Cool Roof: Along with shading of

roof, solar passive design also
recommends cool roof. Cool roofs
are roofs covered with a reflective
coating that has high emissivity
property which is very effective in
14.A Radiant Barrier (Shiny Foil)Will Help Reduce Radiated Heat Gain Through reflecting the sun‘s energy away
The Roof In Hot Climate
from the roof surface. This quality
greatly helps in reducing the cooling
load that needs to be met by the
HVAC system. Combination of
insulated roof with cool roof has
high saving energy potential

EVALUATION TOOLS
15.High Efficiency Air Conditioner Or Heat Pump ( At Least Energy Star )Should Prove Cost Effective In This Climate.
In cooling mode, both heat pumps and air

conditioners come in models with high SEER
ratings, providing energy efficient cooling
during the warm summer months. ... In areas
with moderate temperatures, a heat pump is a
better option for efficient heating than in areas
with extremely cold winters.
16.Use Open Plan Interiors To Promote Natural Cross Ventilation , Or Use Louvered Doors Or Instead Use Jump ducts If
Privacy Is Required.
A jump duct is a short piece of insulated
flex duct (typically 10-inch-diameter duct)
installed in the attic and attached to ceiling
registers in the closed room and a common space
to provide a return air pathway between the two
areas. Jump ducts may be installed by the
HVAC installer

EVALUATION TOOLS
17.For Passive Solar Heating Face Most Of The Glass Area South To Maximise Winter Sun Exposure , But Design Overhangs To
Fully Shade In Summer. External shading devices should be designed
according to the orientation of façade. For
instance on North orientation minimum or no
shading is required. On South orientation
external shades should be designed after
studying the sun path. Shading devices on
South orientation could be permanent in
nature, as most part of the day, Sun remains in
South orientation. It is preferable to design
movable external shading devices on East and
West facades, so that the shades could be
removed after sun faces opposite orientation.
18.Screened Porches And Patios Can Provide Passive Comfort Cooling By Ventilation In
Warm Weather And Can Prevent Insect Problems.
Gives good shade and also is a

good buffer , and also is a perfect
spot for a breezy evening.

EVALUATION TOOLS
19.Keep the building small (right sized )because excessive floor aea wastes heating and cooling energy.
20.High Mass Interior Surfaces (Title, Slate, Stone, Brick Or Adobe) Feel Naturally Cool On Hot Days And Can Reduce Day To
Night Temperature Swings.
Thermal mass reduces the room temperature during

midday and early afternoon and increases the room
temperature late in the afternoon and early evening
hours.
Building thermal mass into your new home or
renovation doesn’t have to increase costs. The money
used for a carpet could for example instead be spent on
polishing an exposed concrete floor.

EVALUATION TOOLS
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A RETAIL
SHOP IN
MUMBAI
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- D – BASE CASE SCENARIO

PRIYANKA.D , SUKANYA.S , MEENAKSHI SURUTHI
PART D
Base Case IES-VE Simulation

Site Details
Location: Mumbai, India

Its A Retail Store Of 12*12 , The Site Is Located In Mumbai On VAIKUNTHAL MEHTA STREET With Adjacent Building Namely: N
•Om Shakthi Temple
•Dena Bank-Juhu Vileparle Branch ,
•Residences,
• Mithibai College Of Arts of reach technology
•Mahavir temple
•Sai temple
•NMIMS Mumbai
•Ration card office

BASE CASE SCENARIO ANALYSIS

Project Construction:

Project Construction: FLOOR •INFERENCE :
•Chipboard flooring our budget

is very tight, and you have no
dampness issues, you should
be safe to use chipboard as
your sub floor material. but
Mumbai has high humidity
▪REINFORCED
CONCRETE:
▪Reinforced
concrete is used to ensure
your concrete
flooring remains resistant to
damage such as cracking,
bending, or the ravages of
time. ... Reinforced concrete
flooring has a better tensile
strength than
regular concrete and is also
more durable with a higher
compression strength, too.

INFERENCE :
Project Construction: Roof ROOF MATERIAL DETAILS:
•CONCRETE ROOF TILE is made of
sand, cement, and water. The exact
materials vary somewhat with each
manufacturer but basically contain
Portland cement, blended hydraulic
cements and fly ash, sand, and other
aggregates
• the CONCRETE maintaining its

strength under compression and the steel
resisting any bending or stretching thanks
to its tensile strength the RCC is a much
more versatile construction material.
•plaster ceilings are installed in order to

hide wires and tubes, especially those that
accompany lights and airconds. However,
they can also be added purely for aesthetic
purposes. These are some of the things you
should think about before you begin
renovating your home with plaster
ceilings

Project Construction: SMP door
Plywood makes a
durable door for a shed,
storage building or utility
locker. A sheet of 3/4-inch
exterior-grade plywood cut
to size and fitted with T-strap
hinges bolted to the door

Project Construction :WALL
INFERENCE :
WALL MATERIALS:
Gypsum Plaster
Gypsum Plaster/Powder
as building material for
walls are used for the
protective or
decorative coating
of walls and ceilings and
for moulding and casting
decorative elements.
contemporary brick
wall is typically made of
clay, concrete or calcium-
silicate bricks.

Project Construction : Window
CLEAR
FLOAT GLASS is
superior quality of flat
glass having unique
characteristics of
excellent surface,
uniform thickness, high
optical clarity and bright
appearance. It is used
for window glazing.

Comparison in performance during summer days(April 21) and winter
days(December 5)

We have chosen one
particular day in winter i.e.
December 5 and a day in
summer i.e. April 21st
So, the changes in the
parameters are noted and
compared through graphs
and numerical , in order to
compare the difference in
performance in the retail
during the two major
seasons., namely, Summer
and winter.

AIR TEMPRATURE
It is all about the tilt of the Earth's axis. Many people believe that the temperature changes because
the Earth is closer to the sun in summer and farther from the sun in winter. In fact, the Earth is
farthest from the sun in July and is closest to the sun in January!
DAYLIGHT FACTOR
INFERENCES
For July 21st
• The images below shows the

simulated daylight factor for the
ground floor level base case
scenario.
• Simulations like these can assist

design decisions, for example
when deciding how many
windows should be used and
where they should optimally be
For dec 5th placed, depending on the design
goals of the project.
• This also allows us to keep in

hand the levels of glare
component into recommended
limits.

DAYLIGHT FACTOR
April -21st December 5th
INFRENCES:
In the month of December the amount of lighting decreases in the inner most part of the shop whereas in the month of
April a lot of luminance is observed and the room is bright and heavy which also can sense problem of glare in this case.
DEW POINT TEMPERATURE
INFRENECE:
Summer temperatures do not require a very low dew point whereas winter temperatures may dictate a much
lower dew point. In winter, the cooling water temperature usually is lower than in summer, resulting in a
variation of the air temperature to the dryer.
DRY RESULTANT TEMPERATURE
INFRENCES:
•Operative temperature (previously known

as resultant temperature or dry resultant
temperature, but renamed to align with ASHRAE
and ISO standards) is a simplified measure of human
thermal comfort derived from air temperature,
mean radiant temperature and air speed.
•Operative temperature is used in heat transfer and

thermal comfort analysis in buildings.
•Most requirements for comfort are based on the

operative temperature in a space, and for heat loss
calculations in buildings.
•This can be brought down by changing the exposed

surfacing materials like provision of radiant cool
floors.

EXTERNAL CONDUCTION GAIN
External conduction gain-for April 21 and December 5th
INFERENCES:
The heat gain factor can be: External conduction gain drops down in summer season here
• Provide light-colored roof and wall surfaces. and increases in winter season during the peak hours which
• Also provision of green roofing. would help reduce the cooling load on the building.
• Also provision of roof ventilation.

INFILTRATION GAIN
INFERENCES:
In December the infilteration gain drops down since not much mechanical devices are used during cold period and this increases in
summer season respectively.
• Designing a tight envelope would be good option to reduce both sensible and latent infiltrative heat gain.
• When outdoor temperature and humidity levels are above the comfort range, doors and windows should be kept closed. This will reduce
demand on mechanical air conditioning or, without air conditioning, maintain more comfortable conditions. This strategy works well with
nighttime ventilation in many areas.
MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE (MRT)
INFERNCES:
• Mean radiant temperature is a very important parameter, as it affects both thermal comfort outdoors and the energy flux crossing the
buildings' walls, hence the thermal comfort indices to be kept in control.
• Variation in MRT can be brought in by changing
• the orientation of the building,
• Shape or the geometry of the buildings;
• By adding green roofs and green facades and also by adding more plants and landscape elements in order to keep the environment cool
and enhance the thermal comfort.
NATURAL VENT GAIN
Natural ventilation can direct unwanted warm air out of the room and let fresh, cool external air flow in. In the cool night-time
period, free ventilation provides natural climate control. This naturally produces good air quality, without using any energy to
supply and cool the air.
Natural ventilation achieves this through temperature and pressure differences between the inside and outside of the
building induced by wind and air temperature. Often, natural ventilation is associated with the manual opening and closing
of windows to freshen and cool the indoor environment.
PMV-PREDICTED MEAN VOTE
INFERENCES:
• PMV reaches +3 from 12pm to 9pm which is said to be as hot for a period of APRIL month & reaches 0.6 -1.8 from 12pm to 9pm which is
said to be as slightly warm to warm for a period of DEC month .

People dissatisfied: graphs showing below are April 21 and December 5th respectively PPD- % OF People dissatisfied
INFERENCES:
• 100% people dissatisfied on peak hours during the summer month of April.
• The thermal comfort levels can be made better by changing types and thicknesses of wall as well as roof insulations, provision of blinds, and
types of window glazing, using which, the best possible solution to enhance the thermal environment of the room has been proposed.

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
INFERENCE:
The comfortable temperature for 21ST April 21st falls at 32.1 C and for 5th Dec falls on 28.1 C.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
INFERENCES:
• Summer Air: Warm, summer air "holds" more moisture, so the humidity is higher. Winter Air: Cold, winter air contains
less water, so the humidity is lower.
• Relative humidity ranges from 44%- 61 % in the month of April & 40% - 50.2% in the month of December.
• Dehumidifies to be provided for summer months in order to reduce the amount of discomfort.
SHGC
INFERENCES:
• The lower the SHGC, the less solar heat it transmits and the greater its shading ability. A product with a high SHGC rating is more
effective at collecting solar heat during the winter.
• A product with a low SHGC rating is more effective at reducing cooling loads during the summer by blocking heat gain from the sun.

Thermal performance analysis of base case scenario

Space Data conditions is divided
into six categories:
· General – Room name and ID,

Templates, floor area and volume data
· Building Regs – room attributes
for Building Regulations compliance
checks
· Room Conditions – heating and
cooling set points and room thermal
modelling settings
· System – parameters describing
the system serving the room
· Internal Gains – Specification of
internal gains to the room
· Air Exchange – Specification of
infiltration, natural ventilation and
mechanical ventilation
provides input to the thermal

analysis programs

Natural ventilation can direct
unwanted warm air out of the
room and let fresh, cool external
air flow in. In the cool night-time
period,
free ventilation provides natural
climate control.
This naturally produces good air
quality, without using any energy
to supply and cool the air.
In warm and humid climates there
is a constant need for mechanical
ventilation if its not treated
passively

In natural ventilation of buildings, the air flow through a building is caused by the pressures generated by wind on the building envelope (wind ventilation) and/or
pressure differences generated by air density differences caused by indoors-outdoors temperature differences (ventilation by chimney or stack effect). In this type of
ventilation, the admission of external air in the building is performed mainly by openings in the facades and by doors and windows. The openings in the facades can be
of fixed or adjustable area, whereas the doors and windows can be operated manually or automatically by a building management system. Wind ventilation can be
distinguished between cross-ventilation and single-sided ventilation . Cross-ventilation is generated by ventilation openings on opposite sides of an enclosed space. In
order to have sufficient air flow, there must be a significant wind pressure difference between the inlet and outlet openings. Single-sided ventilation refers to the
ventilation generated by openings placed on the same facade. The driving forces for single-sided ventilation are relatively smaller than for cross-ventilation and highly
variable.

• Heat gain, also known
as thermal or solar gain, occurs
in several ways: Conduction,
when heat travels through walls
and ceilings. Radiation, when
sunlight penetrates windows
and skylights. Infiltration, where
warm air and moisture
penetrate through cracks in
walls. Indoor heat, generated
by people and appliances.
we are considering,
•Fluorescent gains
•people

Fluorescent lamps, including compact fluorescent lights (CFLs), use about 75 percent less energy than incandescent bulbs and
last six to 15 times as long, according to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). But it's widely believed that these popular bulbs
use a lot of energy to start up.
All active animal bodies including humans lose heat to their surroundings due to their metabolic activity, which is related to the activity to subject
is performing (i.e. sedentary, sleeping, dancing etc…). The heat can be released as sensible or latent heat. The sensible heat release is due to the
higher temperature the surface of the skin can have in respect to the surrounding environment, while the latent heat is released by means of
respiration and sweating.
Under systems , data about
HVAC system is to be
entered, in our case, for
the base case, no HVAC is
used .

Lighting performance analysis of base case scenario

Lighting :
Lighting :
Lighting is a powerful tool
that sets the mood of
the store, and can be used
to draw attention to
highlighted products. There
are four main types
of lighting that are used in
a retail setting: Ambient,
Task, Accent and
Decorative.
The above lighting types to
be installed at areas , where
ever there is a need, but for
base case general lighting
with normal lux, and
illuminance is given .

PART -E
STRATERGIES
LITERATURE STUDY ON THERMAL COMFORT & DAYLIGHTING
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- E - STATERGIES

STRATEGIES PLANNED TO BE ADOPTED:
STATERGY CASE,
We had chosen to use few statergies in accordance

to the climate of Mumbai.
• Building Orientation
S N • Façade envelope inclination.
• Use of different glazing (daylighting).
• Different material usage.
• Thermal comfort.
• Green roofing.
• Shading device.

STATERGY -1 : BUILDING ORIENTATION & ENVELOPE INCLINATION:
The orientation of north-south side as the longest side and provision of inclination on the longer side allows
the lesser amount of solar radiation penetration into the building e reduces the thermal discomfort during hot
summers.
The inclination is done 45 degree in order to reduce the excess and direct solar radiation into the building.
18 m
8m
INCLINITION 45 DEGREE
S
SLIT WINDOWS
Base case 12m x12m Strategy case 18m x 8m

STATERGY -2 : USE OF GLAZING FOR THERMAL COMFORT AND DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
IN BASE CASE SCENARIO, IN STATERGY CASE,

The CLEAR FLOAT GLASS OF 6mm was used.
We planned to make use of Various types of
INFERENCES glasses to analyse the daylighting and
thermal comfort of each typology through
Analysis of Thermal Environment simulations:
it can be seen that all of the glazing still can reduce the outside temperature. • Multilayer glazing
However, it also shows that the more glazing layer causes warmer temperature.
• Low-emittance glass
It indicates that adding more glazing layer perhaps not an appropriate strategy
for atrium in hot and humid climate. • Electrochromic glass
• Gas-filled glass
Analysis of Daylighting
Generally, clear float glazing gives brighter daylight, although it is not the most Now for simulation we had collected some
uniform daylight distribution. It is due to light transmission property of each literature studies from hot- humid climate
glazing materials. More glazing layer means less light transmitted. Hence, clear that would help us decide on what type of
float single glazing passes more light.
glass would suit a climate of warm-humid
type.

Comparison of glazing between double clear glass / double low-e glass/ double argon filled glass Inference:
This comparison
clearly shows that
double argon
filled glass gives
better thermal
comfort in terms
of temperature
reduction and also
daylighting.
Basic concept of glazing and its transmittance

COMPARISON OF 3 TYPES OF GLASSES AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET :
A Research carried out from a hot – humid climate suggests that the use of argon filled gas glass gave the best
performance results in terms of reducing the cooling load as well as the daylighting and thermal comfort
factors.
• In addition, the analysis of performance
• In terms of thermal performance, single glazing is of the other glazing technologies–low-e
in the first-rate. On the other hand, double clear glass; argon filled glass; and
glazing technology performs better than single and electrochromic glass–brings out a fact
triple glazing in terms of daylighting performance. that argon filled glazing technologies gain
More glazing makes the temperature warmer less heat than clear glass and low-e glass.
because it traps the heat from inside the building. argon filled glass performs better for
providing good thermal environment.
• Though, this effect of increasing indoor • Argon filled glazing technology is the
temperature is negligible since it happens in small most appropriate for both thermal
differences. Further, more glazing is needed to comfort and daylighting. Hence, argon
reduce light transmitted through it. filled glazing is concluded to be the most
• Hence, triple glazing gives dimmer light than the suitable material for atrium glazing in hot
others, although double glazing has the most and humid climate.
uniform daylight distribution.

REFERENCES
• E. Cuce and S. B. Riffat, A state-of-the-art review on innovative glazing technologies, Renew.

Sustain. Energy Rev., 41, 695–714, (2015)
• C.-S. Kim and S.-J. Chung, Daylighting simulation as an architectural design process in museums
installed with toplights, Build. Environ., 46, 210–222, (2011)
• B. Ercan and S. T. Elias-Ozkan, Performance-based parametric design explorations: A method for
generating appropriate building components, Des. Stud., 38, 33–53, (2015)

THANK YOU
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- E – STATERGIES

PART E
Strategies to be adopted:
(1) Thermal Insulation in Roof
(2) Shading Devices
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- E –STRATERGIES

PRIYANKA.D REG.NO.= RA1912201010017
LITERATURE STUDY ON THERMAL COMFORT
•STRATERGY-(i) - Thermal Insulation in Roof
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART-E- STRATERGIES

STRATERGY- (i) - Thermal Insulation in Roof
• Thermal Insulation
•Appropriate insulation material helps to reduce undesirable heat losses or heat gains through the building envelope. It
decreases the heat flow rate through the wall, roof, floors, and openings, whether outward or inward, and as a result,
reduces the energy consumption of the building .
•Thermal insulation materials have an impact on the indoor air temperatures of the buildings. A well-insulated building
results in lower conductivity through the building envelope fabrics, decreasing the heat flow as well as providing a
comfortable indoor environment.
•The amount of heat loss from building components is measured by U-values or thermal transmittance. A lower U- value
means lower heat loss through the building fabrics and better insulation of the buildings.
Thermal Insulation in Roof:

All the elements of a building are vulnerable to heat gains. Proper shading is therefore a very important aspect in solar
passive building design. It is observed using software simulations that, shading of roof, walls and windows have
considerable potential in reducing the cooling energy consumption. This section explains the technical details and
advantages of shaded envelope (Roof, Walls and Windows)

STRATERGY-I - Thermal Insulation in Roof
Shading of roof:
Shading of roof through design features like pergolas or solar photovoltaic panels helps in reducing the incident direct solar
radiation on the roof surface. This in turn helps to reduce the air temperature of the roof and conduction gains in the space below. It
is observed using software simulations that shading of roof has equal potential in reducing the cooling energy consumption to that
of an insulated roof. For ex: the below figure 1 shows the fully shaded roof of Centre for Environment, through Pergolas and Solar
PV panels.
Impact of shaded roof

It is observed in air conditioned buildings, adopting ECBC envelope in building has high energy
saving potential. However, shaded roof has similar energy saving potential as that of ECBC
compliant roof. Shading of roof could can be done by designing pergolas, trellis on roof or by
installation of solar panels.
Why the shading of roof is required?
Roof receives a significant amount of solar radiation round the year. As illustrated in Fig below, the
intensity of solar radiation received is maximum on the horizontal plane which is the roof.
Conductance of heat from the roof can be very high if not insulated well. This can result in
increased cooling load if the space below is air conditioned or high discomfort hours if the space
below is naturally ventilated.

STRATERGY-I - Thermal Insulation in Roof
Cool Roof:
Along with shading of roof, solar passive design also recommends cool roof. Cool roofs are roofs covered with a reflective coating that has high
emissivity property which is very effective in reflecting the sun‘s energy away from the roof surface. This quality greatly helps in reducing the
cooling load that needs to be met by the HVAC system. Combination of insulated roof with cool roof has high saving energy potential.

LITERATURE STUDY ON THERMAL COMFORT
• STRATERGY-(II) - Shading Devices

STRATERGY-(II) - Shading Devices
Impact of Orientation and Shaded Envelope

Impact of passive design strategies/ low energy design strategies have been studied in this climate for the combined impact of
orientation and shaded envelope. It is observed that with N-W orientation (longer facades) and shaded envelope results in 5.6%
reduction in the EPI. The following graph shows the impact of these strategies on the building coil load and electrical load in
warm-humid climate. Shading of windows:
Heat gain through window is determined by the overall heat loss co-efficient U-value
(W/m2-k) and solar energy gain factor, and is much higher as compared to that through
opaque wall. Direct sunlight can cause glare. Incorporation of shading elements with
windows help in: keeping out the sun‘s heat, block uncomfortable direct sun, and soften
harsh daylight contrasts. Shading devices are therefore necessary to allow glare free natural
light. Shading devices are also critical for visual and thermal comfort and for minimizing
mechanical cooling loads. Shading devices for windows and walls moderate heat gains into
the building.
External shading is the most effective ways of shading, as it cuts off direct sunlight during summer and
allows winter sunlight to enter inside the space. However, in cloudy weather or if not designed properly,
these can reduce daylight availability inside the space. For such cases, external moving shading devices
are preferred. External shading devices should be designed according to the orientation of façade. For
instance on North orientation minimum or no shading is required. On South orientation external shades
should be designed after studying the sun path. Shading devices on South orientation could be permanent
in nature, as most part of the day, Sun remains in South orientation. It is preferable to design movable
external shading devices on East and West facades, so that the shades could be removed after sun faces
opposite orientation.
. The glazing system for windows in non-conditioned spaces

is usually single glazed units with clear glass as the
windows will be opened to allow ventilation. However to
avoid heat entering from direct solar radiation through the
openings, external shading devices play an important role.
In the non-conditioned buildings thus shading device plays
a crucial role in the thermal performance of a window.
Windows on facades, facing different cardinal directions,
should be provided by the shading devices which can cut
the direct incident solar radiation for the critical solar.
Shading devices for windows are of various types: Fixed louvers:
• Moveable opaque (roller blind, curtains etc) can be highly effective in They can be designed as fixed and can be cost effective and can
reducing solar gains but eliminate view & impede air movement become an integral part of the building aesthetic but does not
• Louvres (Adjustable or fixed) affect the view and air movement to some cope with changing altitude of sun.
degree Summers can be exceedingly hot in warm & humid climate;
• Fixed overhangs consequently from an early date, openings in buildings were
Movable louvers: partially closed by means of open-work coverings made from
They can cope well with the sun‘s changing altitude and can also be stone, stucco, ceramic or wood. These coverings reduce the heat
adjusted as per the angle of sun‘s altitude, but can be very costly and also gain to the building and also add aesthetic value to the building.
requires high operation and maintenance.

Fixed louvers: Movable louvers:

REFERENCES
• ASHRAE. (2004). ASHREA Standard 55. Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.
Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
• Google Scholar
• Autodesk Ecotect Analysis. (2013). Passive Design [Online]. Natural Frequency. Available
at: http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Passive_Design
• Heidari, S. (2010). Coping with Nature: Ten Years Thermal Comfort Studies in Iran. Adapting to Change:
New Thinking on Comfort. Windsor: Network for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings.
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- E -STRATERGIES

PRIYANKA.D REG.NO.=RA1912201010017
THANK YOU
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- E -STRATERGIES

Priyanka.D REG.NO.=RA1912201010017
PORTFOLIO
ARCHITECTURE + CLIMATE ESPONSIVE DESIGN
MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- F - EDGE TOOL ANALYSIS

Part-F
EDGE TOOL ANALYSIS

BASE CASE SCENARIO FOR – ENERGY SAVING
OVERALL ENERGY SAVING DONE

1) WWR- WINDOW TO WALL RATIO
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Cooling energy reduced by 20%
Fan energy reduced by 12%
• Reduced by using lesser amount of glazing on

EAST & WEST façade.
• Also the amount of glazed area is higher on
SOUTH & NORTH façade.
THEORY
▪ By increasing the glazed area on both NORTH &
SOUTH facade allows a diffused amount of
solar radiation passing into the building making
it easier in enhancing the indoor thermal
comfort, thereby reducing the cooling load.
▪ Also the glazing over EASR & WEST fcade is
made minimal in order to reduce the heat
penetration into the building.

2) AVERAGE SOLAR REFELECTIVITY (SR) FOR ROOFS
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Fan energy reduced by 12%
• Reduced by using GREEN ROOFS which allows

the heat to be absorbed it and making the
lower surface feel cooler.
THEORY
▪ The use of green roofs allows the temperature
reduction and there by reducing the fan
energy.
▪ Its known that any vegetation planted around
the usable space would make a temperature
variation into the context.

3) EXTERNAL WALL SOLAR REFLECTANCE
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Other by 6%
• Reduced by Using POROTHERM BLOCKS on the all the façades.

• Hollow clay blocks - Porotherm Smart Bricks are designed to
provide better efficiency, durability, ease of use and a host of
other benefits that aid in cost-effective wall construction and also
contribute to better thermal comfort.
THEORY
▪ Increased insulation due to using the POROTHERM blocks has
reduced the solar radiational gain inside the building along with
reduced conductional gain.
▪ Reduction in this would have resulted in decrease in indoor air
temperature which is reflected in the reduced cooling energy
consumption.

4) ANNUAL AVERAGE SHADING FACTOR (AASF)
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Other by 11%
• Reduced by Using shading devices with respect to the climate.

• The type of shading device that is being used along with the
change in the orientation has help reduce the cooling load on the
building.
THEORY
▪ Increasing and decreasing the shading pattern and width of the

shading device had resulted in the amount of solar radiation
being penetrated into the building.
▪ Also changing the orientation degree 50-60 had made an
noticeable reduction in the cooling load of the building.

5) LOW-E GLASS PROPERTIES
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Fan energy 9%
• Reduced by Using LoĒ³-366 with argon gas infill in all

the glazed area.
• Any Low E glass would facilitate lesser transmission of
solar radiation thereby by reding the fan & cooling
load over the building.
THEORY
▪ LoĒ³-366 delivers the ideal balance of solar control

and high visibility.
▪ And it provides the highest levels of year-round
comfort and energy savings.
▪ It’s also the one glass you can use to be compliant in
every ENERGY STAR.

6) Smart Energy Meters for Electrical Energy
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Fan energy 1%
Other 1%
Lighting 2%
• Reduced by Using Smart Meter is an environmentally

friendly energy meter that is used for measuring the
electrical energy.
• Responsible for sending meter readings automatically to the
energy supplier.
THEORY
▪ This device that affords a direct benefit to the consumers

who want to save money on their electricity bill.
▪ Its an user-friendly device which cuts down the energy that’s
need for printing the bills.

BASE CASE SCENARIO FOR – WATER SAVING
OVERALL WATER SAVING DONE

1) Single Flush /Flush Valve for Water Closets in All Bathrooms -5L/flush
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Water closets & urinals reduced by 2%
• Reduced by Using single flush valve.

• This allows the reduced amount of water usage per flush
there by reding the no. of urinals and closets to be fixed.
THEORY
• The amount of water used in the flush would be reduced.

• With the reduction of the no. of closets and faucets which
indirectly increase the usable space by reducing the enrgy
consumption of extra needed facilities light lights etc.

2) Water-Efficient Landscaping - 2 L/m²/day
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Landscaping reduced by 8%
• Reduced by Using water efficient landscaping which nothing

but the use of natural resources or the native plants on to
the site.
• Use of right plants would allow better water harvestment.
THEORY
• Any native plant works better in its own site context.
• The plants should be chosen wisely as they are the root
cause of absorption of the rain water and;
• Acts as the supporting system for retaining or conserving the
ground water level.

3) Black Water Treatment and Recycling System
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Water closets & urinals reduced by 8%
Landscaping reduced by 4%
Others also reduced by 1%
• Reduced by Using GREY WATER TREATMENT.
• This allows to kill the bacteria out from the water coming
from the bathroom and kitchen and cleanse them for reuse.
THEORY
▪ The concept of grey water treatment is to reduce the

amount of fresh water being used in an building there by
reding the energy consumption.

4) Rainwater Harvesting System - 124% of Roof Area Used for Rainwater Collection
INFERENCES
ENERGY REDUCTION
Water faucets reduced by -1%
• Reduced by Using rain water harvesting system on the roof

with the help of green roofing system.
• This thereby reduces the amount of faucets to be used on
user basis.
THEORY
▪ The green roof would act as key feature in order to collect

and direct the water from the roof top to the ground by
saving energy without having a separate system build up of
this process.

14
THANK YOU

EDGE TOOL
NEW DELHI CLIMATE PORTFOLIO PART-F: PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION TOOLS
PART F
•EDGE TOOL STIMULATION
NEW DELHI CLIMATE :PORTFOLIO-PART F: PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION TOOLS
• CLIMATIC ANALYSIS REPORT
•LOCATION: NEW DELHI,DELHI India
•COORDINATES: 28.58NORTH , 77.2DEG EAST
•CLIMATIC ZONE: HUMID SUB TROPICAL

AND A SEMI ARID
•ELEVATION ABOVE SEA LEVEL: 708FT
Delhi, the capital city of India is located in Northern India in the state Haryana. The latitude and longitude are 23.28 degrees north
and 77.13 degrees east.
Delhi is actually separated into two components, Old Delhi and New Delhi. Old Delhi is split off in the North being a historical
destination as well as the home of many slums. New Delhi in the South is more modern and structured than Old Delhi but is full
with many slums too
Delhi remains one of the oldest surviving cities in the world today. It is in fact, an amalgam of eight cities, each built in a
different era on a different site – each era leaving its mark, and adding character to it – and each ruler leaving a personal
layer of architectural identity. It has evolved into a culturally secular city – absorbing different religions, diverse cultures,
both foreign and indigenous, and yet functioning as one organic entity. It was known for its riches – both material and
cultural – foreign travellers were hypnotised by it – books have been written on it since time immemorial, poets have loved
it and Kings and Emperors have fought over it.
EVALUATION TOOLS
Part-G - EDGE TOOL
•Base case is stimulated for:
•Location-NEW DELHI
Typology-RETAIL

EVALUATION TOOLS
•ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
RT E01-REDUCED WINDOW TO WALL RATIO –REDUCED BY 12.03%
Total energy savings -12.03% Optimum Window Wall Ratio would achieve a balance
between cooling energy demand and lighting energy
demand due to integration of natural daylight, it is
•GLAZING AREA : observed that minimum electricity consumption is in the
case where WWR is in the range of 20-30%. This is due
•North -10m2 Which Is 20.835 % to reduced artificial lighting demand which would also
•South Has A Glazing Of 25m2 have an impact on cooling energy demand. It should be
•East Has 5m2 Which Is 10.42%ratio observed that after integrating daylight, on comparing
•And The West Has 5m2 Glazing annual electricity consumption, WWR with 10% has
Area which Is About 10.42% higher electricity consumption due to increased
consumption by artificial lighting. Therefore the optimum
WWR recommended is 20-30% with daylight integration.
REDUCTION IN ENERGY ARCHIEVED

EVALUATION TOOLS
2.ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
RT E02- REFLECTIVE PAINT/TILES FOR ROOF-SOLAR REFLECTIVITY - 4.86% REDUCTION
Total energy savings -16.86%
AVERAGE SOLAR REFLECTIVITY (S.r)-calculation of roofs-updated values
A reflective coating that has high emissivity
•The Solar Reflectivity Depends property which is very effective in reflecting
Purely On Roof Type, the sun‘s energy away from the roof surface.
•The Main Roof Reflectivity-0.6
This quality greatly helps in reducing the
•And The Type 2 Roof Has
Reflectivity Around 0.5,which Helps cooling load that needs to be met by the
In Reduction In Energy Around HVAC system. Combination of insulated roof
4.86% with cool roof has high saving energy
potential.
REDUCTION IN ENERGY ARCHIEVED

EVALUATION TOOLS
RT E03- Reflective Paint For External Wall-Solar Reflectivity – 3.23% REDUCTION
AVERAGE SOLAR REFLECTIVITY
(S.r)-calculation of roofs-updated
values
A reflective coating that has

high emissivity property which
is very effective in reflecting the
sun‘s energy away from the roof
surface. This quality greatly
helps in reducing the cooling
load that needs to be met by the
REDUCTION HVAC system. Combination of
IN ENERGY insulated roof with cool roof has
ARCHIEVED high saving energy potential.

EVALUATION TOOLS
•4.ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
•RT E04-EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICES– 9.98% REDUCTION
Total energy savings -30.10% AVERAGE SOLAR REFLECTIVITY
(S.r)-calculation of roofs-updated values
•THE SOUTH SIDE WINDOW
ORIENTATION ALONE HAS A Impact of passive design
HORIZONTAL OVERHANG AND THE strategies/ low energy design
DEPTH IS D/H-1/3WINDOW HT strategies have been studied in
Reduction In Energy from the base case
this climate for the combined
Achieved -9.98%
impact of orientation and shaded
envelope. It is observed that with
N-W orientation (longer facades)
and shaded envelope results in
5.6% reduction in the EPI. The
following graph shows the
impact of these strategies on the
building energy load and
electrical load.

EVALUATION TOOLS
5.ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Heat gain through window is determined by
RT E05- insulation of roof-U value of 2.16Wm2K the overall heat loss co-efficient U-value
Total energy savings -30.53% (W/m2-k) and solar energy gain factor, and
•MATERIAL FOR ROOF is much higher as compared to that through
CONSTRUCTION CONSISTS OF opaque wall. Direct sunlight can cause
PLASTER –GYSUM WITH
glare. Incorporation of shading elements
LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE
with windows help in: keeping out the sun‘s
•AND CONCRETE –THAT IS heat, block uncomfortable direct sun, and
REINFORCED WITH 25% STEEL soften harsh daylight contrasts. Shading
devices are therefore necessary to allow
•AND INSULATION –BOARD
EXPANDED POLYSTRYRENE glare free natural light.
Reduction In Energy from the base case

Achieved -0.43%

EVALUATION TOOLS
RT E16 and RT E17 – VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES IN PANS OF COOLING TOWERS, &VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES IN AHU - REDUCTION ACHIEVED -
15.97%
Total energy savings -46.50% Applying Variable Frequency Drives VFD
on cooling towers eliminate many drawbacks associated with starter-
controlled fans. Reduced energy consumption (lower utility costs),
reduced maintenance requirements (personnel & equipment
replacement costs) and process water temperature stabilization are
among the benefits.
On cooling towers, Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) eliminate many
of the drawbacks associated with starter-controlled fans. There are
many benefits, including reduced energy consumption, resulting in
lower utility costs; reduced maintenance requirements which decreases
personnel & equipment replacement costs; and process water
temperature stabilization.

EVALUATION TOOLS
RT E23– ENERGY SAVING LIGHT BULB-SOLAR AREA - Total energy savings -48.43%
Incandescent bulbs and halogen bulbs have the highest wattage,
making them less energy-efficient choices. CFL bulbs use
fewer watts, but LED bulbs are the real winner in energy
efficiency—an 8 or 9-watt LED bulb emits as much light as a 60-
watt incandescent bulb.
•energy-efficient lightbulbs such as halogen incandescents,

compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and light emitting diodes
(LEDs) have the following advantages: Typically use about 25%-
80% less energy than traditional incandescents, saving you
money.

EVALUATION TOOLS
RT E30–SMART METRES FOR ELECTRICAL ENERGY- Total energy savings -49.96% Smart meters improve your awareness
REDUCTION ACHIEVED -1.53% of energy consumption. By changing
behavioral habits and informing decisions to
buy more energy efficient appliances there is
less pressure on the electricity grid.
A smart meter can help you take control of

your electricity bill by providing information
about when and how
much electricity you use. A smart meter can:
give you access to a wider range of services,
including battery storage. give you detailed
information about your energy use on a
regular basis
9.RT E20–CO2 SENSORS DEMAND CONTROLLED VENTILATION FOR FRESH AIR INTAKE
Total energy savings -50.69%, Reduction Achieved -0.73%

EVALUATION TOOLS
Total energy savings -50.69%,

EVALUATION TOOLS
TOTAL SAVINGS IN WATER AFTER STIMULATION STRATERGIES -53.91

EVALUATION TOOLS
II.WATER EFFICIENCY MEASURES
RT W07-WATER EFFICIENT LANDSCAPING -3L/M2/PER DAY
REDUCTION ACHIEVED-9.13%
Conserving water in the landscape can be

accomplished by selecting low water use
plants, designing and scheduling irrigation
systems efficiently, grouping plants
according to their water requirements, and
using hardscaping materials (patios, stone
paths, decks, etc.)

RT W09-RAIN WATER HARVESTING –TOTAL AREA OF THE ROOF FOR RAINWATER COLLECTION
REDUCTION ACHIEVED-14.34% &Total energy savings -23.47% Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting is the
technique through which rain water is
captured from the roof catchments and
stored in reservoirs. Harvested rain
water can be stored in sub-surface
ground water reservoir by adopting
artificial recharge techniques to meet the
household needs through storage in tanks.

EVALUATION TOOLS
RT W010-GREY WATER TREATMENT
REDUCTION ACHIEVED-30.44% &Total energy savings -53.91%
The treatment and reuse of gray

water is one of the promising steps
for conservation of water. Gray
water is waste water generated from
showers, bath, sink, kitchen, washing
Total energy savings -53.91%, machine, laundry except toilet water.
It can be treated by physical,
chemical, biological and natural
methods or a combination of these
methods

EVALUATION TOOLS
TOTAL SAVINGS IN WATER AFTER STIMULATION STRATERGIES -53.91

EVALUATION TOOLS

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ARCHITECTURE + CLIMATE ESPONSIVE DESIGN

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

Data Source : ISHRAE 430030 WMO STATION NUMBER.

THE CLIMATE OF MUMBAI

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

HERITAGE SITE OF MUMBAI

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

• The comfort zone is between the stretch

• The highest noted Avg. Mean DBT is

• Almost all other months have comfort

• The diurinal range is highest at 6.5

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

FEBRUARY HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: MAY HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:

MARCH HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: JUNE HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

AUGUST HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: NOVEMBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:

SEPTEMBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE: DECEMBER HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURE:

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

Annual wind wheel data: INFERENCES:

• Annual data: Major winds swing from

• winds predominantly are from north

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

FEBRUARY MAY JULY SEPTEMBER

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- A – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- B – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- B – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

• Temperatures are high between sun-rise and

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- B – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- B – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

CALCULATION OF DRIVING RAIN INDEX:

ANNUAL DRI (SUMMATION OF MONTHLY DRI): 5884.8

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- B – STATERGIES

SUKANYA.S REG.NO.= RA1912201010011

• The sky cover remains high for

MUMBAI CLIMATE – PORTFOLIO PART- B – STATERGIES