RESERVE OFFICERS TRAINING CORPS

MILITARY SCIENCE 1

HANDBOOK/WORKBOOK
(INSTRUCTOR’S COPY)

QUIRINO S CALONZO
2007
 PREFACE

The implementation of Republic Act 9163 otherwise known as the National Service
Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001 made the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC)
program voluntary. The law also reduced the training period from two years to one year
only. This necessitated revisions on the approach on the conduct of the ROTC program
particularly on the conduct of advocacy campaign, incentives to cadets and the program
of instruction (POI) itself. The latter aims to make instructions more appealing to the
cadets and for them to devote more time for practical exercises and other hands-on
activities. However, there are mandatory subjects which normally need more time longer
than what is allocated. There is a need to reduce the teaching period without affecting
the scope of the subject.

This handbook and also a workbook is a compilation of the subjects for Military
Science 1 taken from applicable US Field Manuals and Philippine Army Manuals as well.
It is devised to assist the instructors and cadets to easily achieve the teaching and
learning objectives of the ROTC program. This is in consonance with HPA Letter
Directive dated 12 June 2007. Subject: Revitalizing the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
(ROTC) Program.

Upon completing the MS 2 of the ROTC program, the cadets will be enlisted into
the reserve force. This handbook, containing basic military subjects, will remain as one
of their reference materials whenever they will be called for active military training or
service.

QUIRINO S CALONZO
Tarlac City
5 July 2007
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my grateful acknowledgement on the invaluable assistance

extended to me by the following in the preparation of this material:

The Training Staff of the 3rd Regional Community Defense Group, ARESCOM,

headed by LTC DANIEL A DELA CRUZ INF (GSC) PA;

To MSgt FABIAN SEGUERA (RES) PA who is also a professor of Tarlac State

University for his technical assistance in the design of this workbook;

To the ROTC Instructors and cadets who inspired me to prepare this material to

standardize teaching and enhance learning of the basic military subjects;

To my Family for their morale support and for those whose names were not

mentioned but have assisted me in one way or the other in the preparation of this

material for their time and effort;

And above all, to the Great Architect of the Universe for giving me the right

attitude, strength and wisdom, my sincerest thanks and heartfelt gratitude.

 MILITARY SCIENCE I

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

1. MILITARY ORIENTATION:

a. Legal Bases
b. Military Organization
c. Philippine Military History
d. AFP Core Values
e. Military Courtesy and Discipline
f. Military Justice
g. Military Justice
h. Military Leadership

2. COMBAT TRAINING OF INDIVIDUAL SOLDIER (CTIS):

a. Basic Intelligence
b. Basic Map Reading and Land Navigation
c. Individual Movement Technique
d. Basic Formation
e. Basic Weapon Training

1) M16 RifleCal 5.56 mm

2) M14 USRifleCal 7.62 mm
3) Hand Grenade

f. Pre-Marksmanship Training

3. PUBLIC INFORMATION

a. Threat to National Security (Knowing the Enemy of the State)

b. Peace Process

4. CIVIL AFFAIRS

a. Army Social Responsibility Program

b. Disaster Preparedness
c. Community Service

5. MANDATORY READINGS

a. Interior Guard Duty

b. Human Rights
c. Anti and Counter Terrorism
d. Basic Signal Communication
e. Basic Survival
f. Intro to CMO

6. ANNEXES

a. Republic Act 9163

b. POI for MS1
NAME: TYRELL B. COMESARIO
DATE: 10/03/21
COURSE & SECTION: DAT BAT DAT 1-B

CHAPTER ONE

ACTIVITY 1: (To be submitted on Saturday)

FILL IN THE BLANK THE CORRECT WORD/S NEEDED TO COMPETE THE FOLLOWING:

LEGAL BASES

Section 4, Article II of the Constitution provides that the prime

duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The
Government may call upon the people to defend the State and in the
fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions
provided by law, to render personal military or civil service.

Section 38, Article VII, Republic Act 7077 – states that, ‘’Military
training for students enrolled in colleges, universities and similar
institutions of learning is mandatory pursuant to the provisions of the
National Defense Act of 1935 and the 1987 Constitution.”
Commonwealth Act Number 1, otherwise known as the National
defense Act, was the very first statutory enactment by the
Commonwealth government on December 23, 1935. Commonwealth
Act Number 1 required the compulsory military training of all college
students. Executive Order Nr 207 was later issued by President
Manuel L Quezon requiring all college students to undergo military
instructions pursuant to Commonwealth Act Nr 1. The very rationale
of military training is the defense of the state, whether actual or in
preparation to make it more effective in case of need.
The National Defense Act was amended in 1980 by Presidential
Decree 1706 (The National Service Law) which directs that military
service will no longer be compulsory, but leaving the national service
or training to be in effect. Military Training Service (MTS), Civic
Welfare Service (CWS), Law Enforcement Service (LES) make up the
National Service Program. But the CWS and LES component were
suspended, leaving only the MTS program, which is the present ROTC
program. In SY 1993-1994 DND, CHED and DILG formed a tripartite
committee, the Basic ROTC Program was expanded upholding three
(3) programs of the National Service Law (MTS, LES and CWS). It was
implemented in 1996 but failed since only five percent (5%) of the
students enrolled in CWS and LES components while ninety-five
percent (95%) took the MTS (ROTC).
The rising agitation and recent events call for the re-examination
and review of the sixty-year-old law requiring college students to
undergo military training. This resulted to the enactment of Republic
Act Number 9163 which makes ROTC Optional and requires male and
female freshmen students taking baccalaureate degree and at least
two (2) year vocational/technical or associate courses to take the
National Service Training Program (NSTP) with any of the three (3)
Program Components namely: ROTC, Literacy Training Service and
Civic Welfare Training Service.

MILITARY ORGANIZATION

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) recognizes the

constitution of the Republic of the Republic of the Philippines as the
legitimate expression of the people’s will. It is mandated to serve and
protect the people and secure the sovereignty of the state and the
integrity of its national territory from internal and external threats.
Therefore, the AFP pledges allegiance to the Filipino people, adheres
to the principle of supremacy of civilian authority over the military at
all times and vows to uphold and defend the constitution.

MILITARY ORGANIZATION

It is defined as a group of persons or units bonded together to

perform military functions with definite responsibilities and duties
assigned to each individual.

THE CHAIN OF COMMAND

In any organization, flow of authority and responsibility is of

utmost importance. It enables an organization to function smoothly.
And thus, everything that has to do with the operation of the group
must pass through channels. In the military point of view, effective
management of the groups is shown through the chain of command.

The President (Commander-in-Chief)

Secretary of National Defense –
Chief of Staff, AFP
Major Service Commanders (PA, PN, PAF)
Unified Command Commander (NOLCOM, SOLCOM, WESCOM,
VISCOM, WESTMINCOM, EASTMINCOM)
Division Commanders
Brigade Commanders
Battalion Commanders
Company Commanders
Platoon Leaders
Squad Leaders/Team Leaders

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE

 The Department of National Defense (DND) is located at Camp
Emilio Aguinaldo, EDSA, Quezon City.

The DND is the agency under the Executive Branch of the

government which is responsible for the supervision of the national
defense program of the country. To accomplish this mission, it has
executive supervision over the bureaus, offices and services that are
placed by the President under its jurisdiction.

MISSION OF DND

1. To support and defend the constitution of the Republic of

the Philippines against all enemies both foreign and domestics.
2. To ensure, by timely and effective action, the security of
the RP and of vital interest.
3. To uphold and advance the national policies and interests
of the RP.
4. To safeguard the internal security of RP.

ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES

In line with the accepted concept of civilian authority over the

military and as provided in our Constitution, the President is the
Commander –in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The
President exercises strategic direction through the Secretary of
National Defense and exercises the same through the Chief of Staff,
AFP who directly represents him.

MISSION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES.

1. To uphold the sovereignty, support the constitution and

defend the territory of the RP against all enemies, both foreign and
domestic.
2. To advance the national aims interests and policies.
3. To effectively plan for the organization, maintenance,
development and employment of its active and reserve forces for
national security.
4. To perform such other duties as the President may direct.

STATEMENT OF BASIC FUNCTIONS

1. The Chief of Staff, AFP – is the highest military officer in

the AFP. Being the Commanding General of the AFP, he exercises
command over all elements of the organization. He executes the
President’s command functions in relation to military strategy, tactics
and operation. He is the immediate adviser of the SND and is
responsible for the planning, development and examination of the
National Defense Program.
 2. The Vice Chief of Staff, AFP – VCSAFP is the Deputy
Commanding General of the AFP. He assist the Chief of Staff and
performs his function during the latter’s absence or inability to
perform.

3. The Deputy Chief of Staff, AFP – DCSAFP is designated by

the CSAFP and exercises general supervision and over the Joint Staff
and Special Staff (Administrative and Technical).

4. Secretary of Joint Staff, AFP – the SJSAFP is the executive

officer of the CSAFP, VCSAFP and DCSAFP. He is the secretary of
the Joint Staff.

a. The Joint Chief, AFP:

The general staff of the AFP is known as the Joint

Staff, AFP (JSAFP). It is composed of the CSAFP, the VCSAFP, the
DCSAFP and the heads of the Joint Staff Divisions. Following are the
different Joint Staff Divisions:

1) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel and

Administration, J1
2) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, J2
3) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, J3
4) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, J4
5) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, J5
6) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications,
Electronics and Information System, J6
7) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Civil Military
Operation, J7
8) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Reservist and
Reserve Force Development, J8

b. The Special Staff:

The Special Staff for the AFP consist of the two staff
groups, which advise the CSAFP on matters pertaining to their
specialized fields of service or activity.

1) The Administrative Staff

a) The Inspector General (TIG)

b) The Adjutant General (TAG)
c) The Judge Advocate General (TJAG)
d) The Chief, Chaplain Service (TCCHS)
e) The Chief Finance Service (TCFS)
f) The Chief Provost Marshal General
(TCPMG)
g) The Chief Special Services (TCSPS)
 h) The Chief Historical Activities (TCHA)
i) The Chief Doctrines Development (TCDD)

2) The Technical Staff

a) The Chief of Engineers (TCE)

b) The Quartermaster General (TQMG)
c) The Chief, Communication, Electronics &
Information Service (TCCES)
d) The Surgeon General (TSG)
e) The Chief Dental Service (TCDS)
f) The Chief Nurse (TCN)

c. The AFP Wide-Support and Separate Units

Directly under the CSAFP are a number of separate

units called the AFP Wide Support and Separate Units (AFPWSSU).
These units perform specific function and services for the whole
armed forces.

1) GHQ & HSC

2) Presidential Security Group (PSG)
3) Philippine Military Academy (PMA)
4) Joint Command and Staff College (JCSC)
5) AFP Reserve Command (AFPRESCOM)
6) AFP Logistics Center (AFPLC)
7) Intelligence Service, AFP (ISAFP)
8) AFP Medical Center (AFPMC)
9) AFP Communications, Electronics and
Information System (AFPCEIS)
10) AFPF inance Center (AFPFC)
11) AFP Commissary and Exchange Service
(AFPCES)
12) Civil Relation Service, AFP (CRSAFP)

MISSION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AFP

The mission of the Armed Forces of the Philippines is: “To

protect the people and secure the sovereignty of the state and the
integrity of the national territory.”

The following are the functions of the Armed Forces of the

Philippines:

1) Uphold the sovereignty, support the Constitution and

defend the territory of the Republic of the Philippines against all
enemies, foreign and domestic.
2) Promote and advance the national aims, goals,
interest and policies.
 3) Organize, maintain, develop and deploy its regular
and reserve forces.
4) Perform other functions as provided by law or
assigned by higher authority.
MAJOR SERVICES OF THE AFP

The armed force is composed of the Regular Force and the

Reserve Force. The regular force consists of the regular officers and
men and a percentage of reserve officers and personnel called for or
to active duty. The AFP has three Major Services namely:
GHQ/HSC

1. Philippine Army
2. Philippine Navy
AFPCEIS

3. Philippine Air Force

NOLCOM
AFP ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
PSG

AFP
SOLCOM
PMA

PA

PA PN PAF Major Services

AFPCEIS

Area Commands
AFPJCSC

VISCOM

PN

NOLCOM SOLCOM VISCOM WESCOM SOUTHCOM ________

AFP
RESCOM

AFP-Wide Support Separate Units

WESCOM

PAF
AFP
PASAFP

LOGCTR

GHQ/HSC PSG PMA AFPJCSC AFP LOGCTR ISAFP AFPMC

EASTMINCOM

RESCOM

AFPCEIS AFPCEIS PASAFP AFPFC

ISAFP
AFPFC

AFPMC

MISSION OF PHILIPPINE ARMY:

To conduct prompt and sustained ground operations to

accomplish the AFP mission.

CAPABILITIES

1. Organize, train and equip army forces for the conduct of

prompt and sustain combat operation on land.
2. Develop doctrines, procedures, tactics, organization &
equipment peculiar to the army.
 3. Develop in coordination with other major services,
doctrines, procedures, tactics and equipment of interest to the army
for joint operations.
4. Provide an organization capable of furnishing adequate,
timely and reliable intelligence for the army.
5. Organize, train and equip all army reserve units .

MISSION OF THE PHILIPPINE AIR FORCE

To conduct prompt and sustained operations in the air

especially those forces needed to defend the Philippines against air
attacks, to gain air superiority and control vital air areas.

CAPABILITIES

1. Organize, train and equip air forces for close support of

surface troops.
2. Develop doctrines, procedures, tactics organization and
equipment peculiar to air force for unit-service operations.
3. Develop in coordination with other major services,
doctrines, procedures, tactics and equipment of interest to the air
force for joint operations.
4. Furnish aerial photography for cartographic purposes in
coordination with other government agencies.
5. Perform such other functions as the President may direct.

MISSION OF PHILIPPINE NAVY:

To organize, train, equip, maintain and operate naval forces,

aircraft and other naval units necessary to provide the water borne
support required by the AFP in accomplishment of its mission.

CAPABILITIES

1. Assist proper government agencies in the enforcement of

laws and regulations pertaining to navigation, immigration, custom
revenue, quarantine and fishing in the territorial and contiguous water
of the Philippines.
2. Develop doctrines, procedures, tactics, organization and
equipment peculiar to the navy for uni-service operations.
3. Perform such other duties as the President may direct.

MISSION OF ARESCOM

To develop, organize, train, equip and administer a high

competent mobilizeable reserve force as an integral component of the
total army in the defense of the state and to participate in socio-
economics development effort of the government.
CAPABILITIES

1. Administer reservists.
2. Provide ready reserve force.
3. Conduct informal assembly.
4. Sustain the production of reservists.
5. Assist in relief and rescue operations during disaster and
calamities.
6. Assist the local government units.
7. Assist in socio-economic activities.
8. Assist retirees and veterans.
9. Support the internal security operations in terms of
intelligence collection and civil military operations.
10 Support the “Berdeng Pilipinas” Program of PGMA.
PHILIPPINE ARMY ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

PA

Combat Units HHSG

LABDe SOCOM
Combat Support Units
INF DIV

SG, PA CAG ISG 525ECBn

Engr Bde

Service Support Units

TRADOC AREO ASCOM ARESCOM AMIC SSU PAFC

VICECOM

CS

RMISO PED ATC HQS BN

NCR

HSCOY

CDC
RES Units ROTC UNIT