Problem Investigation and Real-Time Considerations

Hard Real-Time Soft Real-Time

Time of Response Hard required response time
Soft required response time
Peak-load Performance Predictable Degrading performance
Safety Very critical Non-critical
Pace Control Controlled by environment
Controlled by computer
Detection of Error Autonomous error detection
User assisted error detection
Data Files Size Small to medium data size
Large data size
Examples Flight control, inkjet printer,
Mobile phone, electronic
robot games, web browsing,
online transaction systems
Table 1 Comparison of HRT & SRT [ CITATION Kan98 \l 17417 ]

In the world of computer science, RTS is an operating system which works as an interface
between the hardware of the system and user. RTS spans to several domains of computer
science. It can be defence systems, electronics, network multimedia systems, and so on. RT
scheduling is the core of the RT system design. This allows RTS to exhibit predictable timing
correctness regardless of uncertainties in the run-time environments [ CITATION Kan98 \l
17417 ]. The most important objective of RTS is to fulfil the time-critical missions to satisfy
the application by guaranteeing response within specific timing constraints or deadlines. RTS
has two classifications, HRT and SRT. If the result has benefits even after passing the
deadlines, the deadline is classified as soft, whereas, if the deadline missed with bad results,
the deadline is classified as hard. The example of HRT is Air Traffic Control Systems,
whereas, Airline Reservation Systems are SRT. The response time requirements of HRT must
be in the order of milliseconds or lesser or else problems can occur if it is not met. In
contrast, the response time requirements for SRT are higher than HRT [ CITATION Kan98 \l
17417 ].

The project, STLMS is an HRT system that can control the traffic even with environmental
and climate constraints automatically. The adjustments of the traffic light are depending on
the situation of the road and the environment (weather, pedestrian, car accidents, road status).
Discussion of RT concepts applied a critical appraisal of the
implementation

Firstly, AEH is implemented to both car and person producer in the system. For cars, it will
be used to start or to stop the car producer RTT, thus, the censor is used to monitor and
control the car whether to stop when the capacity of the road has reached maximum, or
likewise to start when the road capacity is not at maximum. For pedestrians, AEH is to set
and observe the pedestrian’s movement speed, whereas a censor is implemented to monitor
and control the movement speed of the pedestrians depending on the weather. There are cases
where the pedestrians can be standing still, or medical conditions may happen such as heart
attacks, strokes, where the pedestrians may drop to the ground, this triggers the logic where
the traffic light will be adjusted to the situation.

 Cars unable to reverse.

 Pedestrians unable to reverse.
 There are no public transportations implemented.

Moreover, the author created different diagrams like use case, class, and state diagram which
help to understand the goals and the features of the project. The project was challenging
while the author manages to complete the project and meet most of the requirements needed.
The system gave the author perspective in real-time where a proper traffic system will be able
to help both pedestrians and automobile vehicles to be in safe hands. Finally, the author
would like to thank his group member, Ong Kang Yi, for working together on this project.
The author would also like to thank to Dr. Imran Medi for giving both authors guidance and
resources which helps us to implement the system effectively.
References
Juvva, K. (1998). Real-Time Systems. Retrieved from Carnegie Mellon University:
https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/des_s99/real_time/