This Word document file discusses key concepts and provided examples of the lesson.

These concepts and examples form

the foundation of our writing activity through a short quiz.

These are our learning objectives based on the DepEd MELC using the digital taxonomy.
1. Define summarizing, paraphrasing, and direct quoting;
2. Identify main idea or key information of a text; and
3. Apply various techniques/formats in summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting a variety of academic texts.

Let us have a pre-activity. For 10 minutes, read this news article. On any paper or notes, answer the writing activity below.
Your objective is to use the material to write a short summary, paraphrase, and quote correctly.

ORIGINAL SOURCE
Deped Plans To Dispense With Periodical Exams Amid Pandemic
MANILA, Philippines – The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has issued a show-cause order to Isabela
Colleges for holding face-to-face classes amid the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.
CHED chairperson Prospero De Vera III said the college has been ordered to stop its in-person meetings as this clearly
violates the guidelines being implemented by the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious
Diseases (IATF-MEID).
The order was issued following a report that a student tested positive for COVID-19 and that he attended an on-campus
orientation in August for its post-Baccalaureate students.
De Vera said city health officials were tracing up to 45 contacts of the said student.
Isabela Colleges was given ten days to explain why no sanctions should be imposed on its officials for their failure to
comply with CHED advisories and the IATF guidelines. – RRD (with details from Correspondent Dante Amento)
Source: De Guzman, R. (2020, September 16). DepEd plans to dispense with periodical exams amid pandemic. UNTV.
https://www.untvweb.com/news/philippines-japan-ink-50-b-yen-standby-loan-deal-for-post-disaster-efforts/

SUMMARIZE

PARAPHRASE

QUOTE

Notice when writing a summary, you are identifying the most important ideas in a text and rewriting them in a version shorter
than the original. You are also looking for the central topic and determine the main idea/sentence in a particular composition.

1|ENG S213: ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Read and examine this writing for five (5) minutes. Identify and list down the essential ideas on any paper or notes.
Where Have All the Textbooks Gone?
Toward Sustainable Provision of Teaching and Learning Materials
in Sub-Saharan Africa
Read, Tony

This World Bank report is a rich compilation of information on teaching and learning materials (TLM) in Africa based on
the extensive and multi-faceted experience of the author’s work in the education sector in Africa. The study examines a
wide range of issues around TLM provision including curriculum, literacy and numeracy, language of instruction policy,
procurement and distribution challenges, TLM development and production and their availability, management and usage
in schools. It also looks at the role of ICT–based TLMs and their availability. The study recognizes that improved TLM
system management is a critical component in achieving affordable and sustainable TLM provision for all students. This
study, which draws from more than 40 Anglophone, Francophone, Lusophone, and Arabic-speaking countries will be
particularly useful for policymakers, development partners, and other stakeholders attempting to understand the wide
range of issues surrounding the complexity of textbook provision in Sub- Saharan Africa.

When reading, it is necessary not only to determine the central topic and its main idea but also other significant concepts that
would help you to summarize/paraphrase a printed or non-printed data.

If your answers are World Bank report, compilation of information on teaching and learning materials (TLM), of issues around
TLM provision, you are certainly correct!

Let us try another passage.

The Challenge of Stability and Security in West Africa

Marc, Alexandre; Verjee, Neelam; Mogaka, Stephen

This book seeks to critically examine the challenges of fragility and security in West Africa, along with the factors of
resilience. It seeks to investigate key drivers of conflict and violence, and the way in which they impact the countries of the
subregion. Along with emerging threats and challenges, these include the challenge of youth inclusion; migration; regional
imbalances; extractives; the fragility of political institutions and managing the competition for power; security; and land. The
book explores how the subregion, under the auspices of the regional organization ECOWAS has become a pioneer on the
continent in terms of addressing regional challenges. This book also seeks to identify key lessons in the dynamics of
resilience against political violence and civil war, drawn from countries such as Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Cote d’Ivoire that
can be useful for countries around the world in the midst of similar situations. Finally, it draws on knowledge and findings
from a series of background papers written by leading experts and provides insights from the perspectives of academics
and development practitioners.

If you are done reading and listing down the essential ideas, keep your paper/notes because answers will be revealed later!

2|ENG S213: ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Summarizing is putting significant details of any academic or non-academic piece into your words but reflects the exact views
of the author and it contains in-text citations. A summary can be written in three formats: idea heading, author heading, and
date heading. (If you have the prescribed book, go to pages 89-90.)

Idea Heading format is when a summarized idea comes before the citation.

Example:

While Author Heading, it comes after the citation.

Example:

On the other hand, the summarized idea comes after the date of publication in Date Heading format.

Example:

Use of reporting verbs when writing makes it more interesting as it examines one’s assumptions or assertions, shows variation
per discipline and manifests importance to each resource.

Example:

3|ENG S213: ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Here are some reporting verbs that may be used in a particular field.

Paraphrasing is rewording all ideas using own words but retaining its meaning. Like summarizing, its structure is different
from the original passage, but its length may be similar to the primary text.

Alternatively, a writer can also use the direct language, word for word from a source by using quotation marks on cited
parts. Both are ways that should include citations. In academic writing, quotes are used when the scholar’s
remarks/statements are powerful and eloquent. Too many direct quotes do not make the paper look scholarly.
Below are examples:

Example 1
Original Passage
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final
[research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore,
you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Source: Lester, J. D.
(1976). Writing Research Papers (2nd ed.). pp. 46-47.
Source: Purdue University Online Writing Lab, Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words, located at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_paraphr.html

Sample Answer A
Summary
Students often use too many direct
quotes when taking notes, which leads
to too many quotations in their final
paper. Quotes should only make up
about 10% of the whole work.
Paraphrase Quote
Students often use too many Probably only about 10% of your final
direct quotations when they take manuscript should appear as directly
notes, resulting in too many of them in quoted matter.
the final research paper. In fact,
probably only about 10% of the final
copy should consist of directly quoted
material. So, it is important to limit the
amount of source material copied
while taking notes.

4|ENG S213: ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

 Sample Answer B
Summary
J.D. Lester warns students that using
too many direct quotes when taking
notes will lead to too many quotations
in their final paper. Quotes should
only make up about 10% of the whole
work (Lester, 1976).
Paraphrase Quote
In research papers students often “Probably only about 10% of your final
quote excessively, failing to keep manuscript should appear as directly
quoted material down to a desirable quoted matter.” (Lester, 1976).
level. Since the problem usually
originates during note taking, it is
essential to minimize the material
recorded verbatim (Lester, 1976).

Example 2
Original Passage
What is plagiarism? In minor cases, it can be the quotation of a sentence or two, without quotation marks and without a
citation (e.g., footnote) to the true author. In the most serious cases, a significant fraction of the entire work was written by
someone else but the plagiarist removed the author(s), name(s) and substituted his/her name, perhaps did some re-
formatting of the text, then submitted the work for credit in a class (e.g., term paper or essay), as part of the requirements
for a degree (e.g., thesis or dissertation), or as part of a published article or book.
Summary Paraphrase Quote
Plagiarism can be defined as using According to Standler (2012), Standler (2012) states that plagiarism
ideas, data, or any relevant plagiarism can occur in small cases, can be “the quotation of a sentence or
information of another without giving which happens when small parts of a two, without quotation marks and
proper credit or acknowledgment passage are used without enclosing without a citation (e.g., footnote) to the
(Standler, 2012). them in quotation marks and citing the true author” (p. 5).
author. It can also occur in more grave
situations. In these instances, big
chunks of the original text are used.
There are changes in the format, but
the original author is not attributed to
and the work is claimed as the
plagiarist’s own and submitted to
comply with academic requirements or
as a part of a material for publication.
Source: Standler, R. B. (2012). Plagiarism in colleges in USA: Legal aspects of plagiarism, academic policy. Retrieved from http://www.rbs2.com/plag.pdf, p.5.

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Now, let us check your work. Answers are highlighted in red and italicized.

The Challenge of Stability and Security in West Africa

Marc, Alexandre; Verjee, Neelam; Mogaka, Stephen

This book seeks to critically examine the challenges of fragility and security in West Africa, along with the factors of
resilience. It seeks to investigate key drivers of conflict and violence, and the way in which they impact the countries of the
subregion. Along with emerging threats and challenges, these include the challenge of youth inclusion; migration; regional
imbalances; extractives; the fragility of political institutions and managing the competition for power; security; and land. The
book explores how the subregion, under the auspices of the regional organization ECOWAS has become a pioneer on the
continent in terms of addressing regional challenges. This book also seeks to identify key lessons in the dynamics of
resilience against political violence and civil war, drawn from countries such as Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Cote d’Ivoire that
can be useful for countries around the world in the midst of similar situations. Finally, it draws on knowledge and findings
from a series of background papers written by leading experts and provides insights from the perspectives of academics
and development practitioners.

Thank you for reading till the end of the discussion.

May this lesson help you to avoid plagiarism and promote scholarly writing.

Keep calm and write on!

If you want to know more about the topic, click this link.
• https://libguides.rbc.edu/c.php?g=484846&p=3368959

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=6SqnQmx9RaA&feature=emb_title

6|ENG S213: ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES