Cgremics

ALTERNATIVE VELS
 ATE
PAGE

ACKNONLEDGEMENN
in Hiis puaject emtitled
I u l d like ta Hhane my quide
teachen Ecomanicy in
AHemative Fuel, Ms Apanina Sinba, My
Suw.e Fields School iu c l a X11. My teachen hay quided e

and ha given valuahle sggesio da esich Hi, pouajeckt-

t
She h a npined me ta nderstamd Hhe Hohic aud bung
in tuis pHject hay beem
Ho cplehon. My jouney
ACCessul nth he qudauce and hlessing

Name- Pakli qupBa

Dote -25* Tune,2o21
 DATI
PAGE

CERTIFICATE
This is o c9kily Haat Yakki qupta a lasw Xll udyiug in
Swwe fueld, Schol ha, complekd He pogect Alleuai
Fuei, wuden my peAuision.1 cedily that i aject i up
ho
my expectakios and a pe CéSE quideline
Name o Teache- Apana Sinha
Schal Nane Sumen Fieids SchaaL
 LTERNATIVE FUEL
Aberunate Fuel, knam a nsn- Loventional and aduasvced.
i a any akeriahs an uibtauces tnat can beused o juel,

oterthau conveniaa Jueiy ike, JaiL Jue,as ueil ay

ucieon akeniais suclaas unaisiun and Haiun, a u c i t a

antiiciai nadisisctope Jugt that ars uade in uclean veacks

Sae u r i i - a n ateruaive yueis inude is-diesel, b i s

aicshol,ere-denived uel,chenicaliy s e d eleseiity
aydnsgn,nan-jauii Methane, von-josil uaunat go,vegerabi
il, propave and her ianass scunces

A Juei iany uaterial tat scan be uade io seack uitn oten

substace at ik sdeases tncrgy aeed j k.The
Manpunpsse aJui is ie t e euenay,kich ssuid be ina
stalaie ycm ardLan be tasiy nantted ic te piace g we.
Auck aliueisane chenicai ducs. he user exipicys tais juets ie
genenatE ucak aaparceu Methaniai uR,has jpcuesing
au eygne.t may a o oe ued e geiuerote deckeiiy, sic

Hhen ed jan takngrigtisg, r puricses

 teNTeNAL

fu'eLs

SEO sT
NOI qLOBAL
RAAING

AVE MoNEY

REUSE WASTE

AN HELPING
CNE NENCE
FARNERS
 USL O ALTERNATIVE FUELS
&nc daly, ane. sauces Jov dnaditiana. Juely uncludung ekaleuna
uRCuld loec deleted Gwua .
dua He yace Hhat Huese yueti ane yhical
nat sueahle, a dat q pecute a»e woied thak a day ukculd

Cc A c u Hhe
demand Ja these
Juuels uxculd be uae
ful t sup}aly, diggerung a coiderahle uusRld csiises.
Nov eisnauunettalists also comcw itth Hue spiuicon
Hhat e Najaidy q ail Jietds in Hhe uucrld are asciate
widh te citens-anti pslikical and eccuonic.eterunini
a ncw Mcaliad on solukisn wsti Lspeck te yindin9 dilenet
caLude do ccate nee Juekueuld. HCduce Hhe uwmest
and. cycick sesdAung pcn He suid"s depeudence on
Lc suphly Jcuu Hhe Middie Eastt

1 0 cdce. Jaeilcticont.
The e atteuative Juclstomsidesualty decreases dhaRUyul ehaust
Cussios as usei as ezome-sisduCUng euucny

.To t c c t agaust (tclai kaeusiug

Accmdig te a camanly accepedsciELtiic Hheu, buuina
osi yuels uau Causing texaaunes e sise n Hie eantHas
amophec. htugh qicbal urasmuna t i u e s ie be ju a dhesn,a
Loapcaaie accSS, Hhe qie #he beie Hhat dcering
ane

&cesscica buniua Juel a £si£kctial step asanas

 DATE
PAGE.

enhancugneauality o aun eMiruGumeut.

.To saNe Money.
Akedive Juely tan be Ja expensiveo uewa just in texu
Hhe Juel ise l t alye in t e uq a saugensenice e. Tis in
Huun naeas saNgs daa Hhe iong keuu
S.au neweurote
Biouet, iaproduc,amd biopdueprauide ucdeun and e s
eleyance do Hae okd beliel hak madnJan one emionisa

neane y anstneu ak's gcad vneun tcuidering hak

AecaMk praduce n excen q236 Milticn tony auaste each

6. Mae claicek.
Peccpte a e dilleret. Éadh peuondaas his auaueauinemet,
p n i ,and paeeuce.ne gueat ting abaut alkeunakve Juety
amd eamnepoudiung vehicies hat
Hhe sun on heais hat Hhene
i someung ta suit any ilestte.

ZYou'L be Jhelhiung the Jaetners

Ikee biuel Hnat dependacnap puaduced amd uracesee
Jocally helps tn urt jaens jon Hein dedicoted and harnd

8aa Biedieel aud ethanal tnapenakives anea senlk He

geea autnucdedJanmenccacopenatile Haod asist uith sekunnuw
pxouren tun Hhe hands ddhepechle.
 DATE

PAGE

ETHANOL

P-SERIES
tUELS-
NATURAL
GAS

DIESEL

Types ELECTRcITY-

LPRo?ANE
HypRoGEN

METHANOL
 DATE

PAOE

ES OFALERNATIVE FUELS

IHANCL s an ganie shasicas copond. ika

sipieaicchai uih the clheuical ouula Can,oBr jarulia con be
a s uriten as LHs-CHa-OHa CadsOHand igen abneiated a
ErCA.Etaa isa
saictile, iaunaldie,cioress liquidui a stig
chanackesic sda.n meaxyckaaive uastaute,Hecneotcnai drug,
d he s e inguedient in alcsiciic drises.
taai is rateally praduced by He Jrsetotion c ugan byyeat
edicei izaions aranartisejpic ard distingeant.Ris sed axa
iheesitai söutard ir te ythes garit sonpcnd. Etnansi iu

A aicizi zaed aitervatie juei Made oy jemeting avd diiis

L K Ath as L , Lareiy u useat. an veaiended s i t .
22cise i L a k L e e iieis owdupuoe ewisio auaii

a i t e =ateriais are kniaai

eatizétanssieidikdae nEgatii inpack m scd rice
d aaiitiiii
 .CATE-
PAGE

USES
. Medical

aAviepkc Emanct is wed in medical

anibackeial nand samikigen gels uäpek and coA y
in
amd anti-Jungal eheck a am
astisepic yan itu oackricidai
Aidtea EhancGA May be
adwiuened
g c poisovuing and Metaao antideke t a
a am

paisaunng. ekinsiene
Mediciunal saiest
dissaRre any Éthan,cHenn Jigh cancenrain, is wed te
uoken-iskuhle naedicaiomwand elated.
d

PhanmaLslogy= a MaMMal, tkkorcir ix conpeunds.

ivex ad uaca oy alclcnR pixarily metabaiizad. aa the.
deydnogease engyme
2Recaeadiomal Ax a cebal neswou eA dekeMant, ethana
e uGsA
LOAnly coWed is sne.
pjchoackive dugs.
3.Fuel
aEngine Juezme Jouget ingle wve.gLekaao
Roceek Juel-Cana ua ConANONly Juedin eanly bipnopeiiat ssket.
aFue ce onanenciat yuels ceily opeaked om
nelamed
olasehakd heatug Ehan2 epiases can bewed.
nydnagenluethac

afeedtck Etnanaliy an impankaut ingeredient.

6.Salvet Ehancol is onsideneda suniwonal sobreint

a.ka-Teperakune Aiauidzlar yneezing paint-173.20"E,ias txiy.

22Notunal Co

NATURAL AS
incdudi anyg oawtr etosr
vigjrsr. uinovBi, aird.
dnsgelde, ireiins

i a i s ued os a
ju jn veiies wd c
*eck inze o
Mriai jeas.
walashze dpiio avd. te
spcoa ogauietheriLai. aLniuiy

tosengh iliies Lro ooide vaiwai g a isvaues avs.

preduce Jser najui erission troin gacdive ss dise..

Negaive= Natunal goprcduig e c i seare, .
 USES A
PAGt
LMid-sea Nahmal qas -
asucuy ten well head gaes
he&egases ydnscosioaaMalecuie kkauned neause semana
Jaudnecaskanyinckude
uuidhin
undth daepune, pentone, pnopane amd. ga.Some.
the

ualeulan meigts aove ote.

methane.
2 Peuex
Geneotien=Nachunal
geneaion ga a Ma ouce
and steam augn
hdoines.these elecsuity
tsgenenatin, ga hbineu
a.Doestic Ue- Nauunal
ga dispenmed in a
generce epenokune in neidenial seting can
ui daneshc extew 1,100 C Makung t a
usoring and he ciung Juel. pauen
_aTaaspatationaCNG a cleanen
and alue cheaper alternative
etheautomolile dueiy uch as gasaliue
6.
Fentiligeasa Nausal gas is uja eedtock o
a
Hhe
anuia, via *ne Halbe aes, Jase in
brsduckion
sducioa. Jeniigen.
6.
Mudnegene Nobnal gaycan be.ued e eoduce. ydxsgen, wth
ne nen Methsd being he
hydnqemneleie
7.Aninal aud ish Jeed a oten sich ainaland tisn yeed is
pcduced yeeding natunal gay to Metnylacsccus capuLatu=
backeriamsanAnsenciakMale
3 Fccbu idu

ELECTRIcITY the
aseiatcd. uuidin tie
set q physical hennEn
Jacsece and alicon d watter ihot h a a

ppey eiecbucaty change.. Eleckoucity i selated. to

.Magnesut, ba being t q the
phenoMevan eleLna
.Magueiu, a s desciied y Maxwelt'a eauatiow.
Eecri Lan be uused ay a
driansjotatian altenabve ueiL
b a t t e y p u e d decbic and Juelcel veictes. battes
e n i d decoic vehiies tane powe n battesues dnat are
sechanged oy aiugging the veicle ivtrs a standard eleckeicai
Surce. Fue-cel vehickés sun au eleckeucity that i prsduced
drrug a dtkachenicol neacicn hat c c w uanen dydraaa
n d yaen. are csmbiuned..

Fitive Elricy f tanotakion is digaly tectise, and we

arcody Jave an ekensjte ekcricity nehoae.m he care q Juel
Leli rey pduce dessricity sitnaut couusion opalkutian
Negoive Mucn
decricity in generated day pau csal s vatual.

gav Jeosing a bod. c a r n Jattunt.

Variu camwr peuannena aue reated to eecoicy, ncuding

Sigitig , haic sekicity ,ekectis heatig ,deckric dischangev
ond wary cirns.
 DATE

.USES
Eccic Þeuse uuhe cieckuc
cuuent is e d to
caujueat. enegue
2Eecknoics ushich deals usth eleckical iuit
cecical Hat uwakue
tosney uch a vacuuu kubek, acti/e
and
utetgnatcd cicuitr, and assciaBed duawik, disde
echunalsgie passive unenuaanectig
3Eleckric pourenis
uual genenaked oy
eeaios drien y steam pacduced pmJoui elecko-Mechamicas
comanyien, aa hhe Jaeat seleased eucna Auctean Juel
chc sauLes seackious,
a as Jkinetic enesqy exkeLoted
n aurig uaken. paa wind

4Demad don eleckeicity geNay ih geeak

naluidly as a
nakion Maderne* and i ecenmy deveicp

s.inauuenkal LALe uvith electeiiy

geueaakien dhave ted
Hre an ncreased e s gemernatien jam Heneualaie Aouce
n pasbulan um uund andAalan

6.EeckeLal enegy tamuat be cauly sMacued in quautiies

Range enaugh de neet deands ou a uaiavai cale, at
all siones exackly ay Mueh uut be poduued. asis xequied.
Hysgirr

yDROGEN
b a l and atunic
H
chenical sustace n
h e chenicat
Lw. 1.
Hydiaqen
cianet asih tie
is t e MEt alaudat
tue
uiwcsse,couitie cugiiy 75
a l l baryanic mass.Nan-senant .tay ane uauty csyzcd
hydrgen in tHhe hlasma state.
1he uast comau isatspe a dydncqen, teuMed jatiiu, las.
ne Jpetcatcu amd. no
neutuau
Hydnge cam be nixed eithnalual gay tececote an
alkeunative uel Ja vehicles mat uwse icertaui iyes uteuai
Loloutiom eugunes.Hydeagen also Led un ducL cel
vehictes Hhat um an elecbicity educed lay te
pctaciheria
eastiom Haat ccun uhen hydncgen aud exygen asne
LObnedd in he-Juet skacla.
Pikue= No bad enisions.
Negatiste.e est. And alsa e lack a ueting inerastesuuctuerc.

and dillicueky puting i* hiace..

At ukandand tepenakene and pessure, ydwgen is a.
celo-es, odartes, sasteless, nn-xic, nan-MEkallic., ghiy.
cmbule diatonie gas
 SES
. Racke Huet i a.
majan ue dsuagen y etgH
The Naioual Achanautic and space Adnipotian {NASA) began
NASA
in Hme 1950s a a uocket yuel, and
LsAng iaid. tydragen Ao Hhe
e He
jit Ha uuse hydwyen Juel. cel puen
unas
eleckoucal. sytenuy m spateaat

a. Hydocgn Juel c e t boaduce eleckuiciy

Hydnagcn ul celb produce elecsiy by taubuuung ydncgen
r e c uwitm acho an
and g e n atou. The ydnag en augen
decksockenical cee sinmúan do uat a batey te toaduce
eteciciy, uwaten, and mate amaunt h e a t

Sail yu e e c a n pawen lapltop,.coupue and e e a cee phae

and wilitany aphticako.
Laoge yuel celby can paide elecioicity y backuj an emerngeuey
ane
auer in aisdings and u4ay eleckoiciy sin piaces Hhat
ok coneeAod ta eleckoic pauseov gric.

al Hydragen me iu vehictev
Mat nyduagen-Jueled. vehickess ane audoncloilRe, amd 4 s a i t uues

Hthat h a an elecoic Matat peuoeed iy a

ydrogen Juel ceta.. A
e hese vehicles oum ydcgen dinectty.he.digh cost a
Juet cete and he Liniked. xatio
aailobility o ydrinqen uetling
haue sinided ne. munden q deydrogeu Jueled velickex.
 DATE
PAGE

s P'ncpone

ROPANE
ALALA CgHg.t
i a Hhree coankon alRame uih Hae
is a ga ak stamdard
wdecukan

oud camasessinte a temperahee

aud
peeswe
souanmpantahie iquid. A by-oduck q
a

naunatga pocesing and petuoteu Helining, i t is comuanly

wyed as ayueln daamestic and indutrial apnlicoatism and i n
a isioms aulalic.rhay Jaw boiling pcit.
Ri called liaueliedpebualeun gay LP4.Alnead undely
alse a

Led a s auelaataok aud heakug prcpae ds a l o a tpula

altemative auel velkicles..

Poikive z?'naane bewducaJewe emissicA thak gasclineand thee

a l a highiy deelaopedieastuckuone Ja prapaue trammpazt,
orage and distuibution.
Negakive Natal gas aduckioacreakes Mekinasne,a queenhaume
ga Hhati 21kuue a u e giokal uasning Haas CO2

Poopane has a lacuse enengy deasiy_but aeuns Mae tieauly Han

gascline amd caal. Jnas becoue a tcpukon thadice jon vanbecues
and aekalale skoves because ik vaporige.ay sau a i t is
caukainen.
neleased o n it pnouiged
onapane is talaunless aud.cdcueules qa. Focpane daes nat lwun.

a all
 APAGEDA

USLS becaue i
is Þepulan dhaie
. Pdaie Stoves +ietapane
a

Lan
amdisoautae
a. RepigeRart Elends a pae, duy isahsapane
couteuuckes
suikably
eised as h e cinculatung suceigeant n
cancsson-based epigenaaan.

duutoial Fuel Since i t c a n

be orasparded
3Psnetic aud

casily, it is a hodarn Juel Jon hame heak and elecksical genera

is sporely pahuaked
aneak that ds uat have nahusnalgas
pietines
is alo beug used increoasiungly on vehicte
H.Makar Juel- Paapane
ueis.he.advaukage oaue in caris i siauid skate ota

Mdenate pessure.

5.9ipping duel : hakemakiaual Juel cau sip tau euse puapaue

c e a n goug nips
Hhat tnasoret LPG_because aun
o
l e vGyage,he duipkcatches
me boame dusung
GaLmotes iutake
amd Jeeds k ita He ain
evapceunking pespane gas
stem the suip' diesel ngines

Pcopame
and tukhng does net louan ay Jaat
2

e y uel Jheatiug a d sa dk is eaneiy

d e d . Jen
n dk J n e t tane,
acehylene
welding
Binducel

DIODIESEL
auna
a alteuatue Juel baed an
jatk,tatn Hae veqetable aiy
ued dem Ccyled aHn eyaunantby a v
ckng. Vekicke enguey tan be LAknked. to
bua bodicsë an dty
pune Jn, amd lbisdieel
bieded with cam aio be
pcaleum dieselanduued wn
nndijied
rkive iGdiee
an
aje , biGdeghadabie is sae, educe
i

paiutau aciaed uith vehicke

boniua watter, tanom enisiams, such a
oide and udeanla&u
Negatie kxited. aduchom aud
dioition ueastuekutu
Bicciessi Lan be e d in bure Jum oi
.wi uay ve al ended
peeie dieel at amy toncenbiatio. n
st
u n pup dueyl ugne.
.iadiui ypcaliy Mode y cheically seaciung ipidys
HACh a Ovwmal Jot,sayeon ol,or same ate vegetaale
c Junth alcanal, aducing
an a
mEHyl , exlyl ai jpcpul
eker.Biwdiksel hlendy cam alsa be med av dheating cil.
 DATE
PAGE.

SES
hastasicna he main paakeu uwialtenatick s nak
Askan,uund aud Ghan akovakiiehaven is net Jhackcal J
d4.0nskpsekotion.
alEcrgy qeuenaban n addiaian ts zaduciug jue yan. dorapora
e celis ave apouer generating azalicakion Auat is aNailaule
eleckicity-
3.Pide heoksA, szinmany wse q onal ga, Ara caue m
Jasl Juek, the heat that cmes am lydraulic jackwung uilliea
ta h e
puscuuckidng natuaalgas.
HChanging Elecowics LumEK May be aluie e eJuel cetls in
4aace botteries do chonge auyting JectCpuer ta celt

sL0eam Gil ShiA and Ggnease.a Bicuel i s k u o n ko be enon-

Metallyiendly, uicuei can alseetp ko cdean up eil spil
and peae-
.Loakng = While kenoseme iy Hhe t t a u M Ángiediect to

e yan koves aund nnwcR iaukss, aisdiesen uscaue yus

ay g e a t .

reate nengy uhen dasi yueks aun cut.

7Menaa

E IETHANOL.
JAed a n
aterunotile
a l a JnuM_as usad aicanal,tau be
uel in exilale Juel vehiclex
Hhat ane
dMglued ts Aua om M85,a end o8S mecent MeHhava and
15pecet gayclur, ouk aukoakets ane ne sngen Mamulackuauin
Mekhan-ueed veicle
Poske Meanclcauld becoeimateant alkeuatiae Jue
an
n the Jukune oy
aJOunce q he hydqen needed te bee Juel-
LCl veluicles.
Negaiuvez Aukamaken asse uc. kougen Manlacunung Mehanet
uRed velickes. .

Mehanak, alys kncun ay Mekyl aicehs auongst otho ame, is a

chenicaland the implest alcobok., uih Hhe uta CH,OH. B ia
igt,dokile,cksunleylaable iqia uiha distinckivealcsihsic
daur siar.ko.Kat aalA kalansaxnt, Metsanc
acaued he nae usod alcahal. because itu a sonce praduced
ckieyoy he deskustive disillakin u c d . Today, Mehasal is
Mausly prsductd induasly by ydncgenaiend tar
HauIde.

Matauscsmsist o Meky geraup iinked t apetar Jhydrioul gaup

 DATE

SES PAG
LMbhancl uidely ued in
oakdekyde.
the
puadu.chan aLekic.aad and
a nden ka
dianage
necneahanal Lmpton o
0
Hhe
Xhaual, Methamel hem added.
a ik ah a denahunant.
3hs
tupud u aike uhed a an
akieseeze iun Many ipelies.
a i y e used n seuage
Larbgn osed
eakuect hla smceksevey ay a
Jacd saunce J denubijung backenia.

A aiosde ge decphresiy (PRGE) Echviaue vsvse

Le Ghanak as a destaiing the
aget.
E.A Mne q wraker and mehana ik wsed in
eugnek iu ade Hs uceease peue daigh-perlaunance

.Meknaak ik ued in Hne hesduchon q

Ce anGMoc copauds..
uydrwcarbon,kelkus,aud

s i aise ued ian tae paaduchion

Mei ekens and
etrarines
 ERS UELSa aiend aekrava,uakmai
gas auicy and
Mgiyiteiydrolunan {Me THF), LGinta
diritd pas
piava.P-Series fueis ane ckeor,ligh-kane
atercie Juciy nak can be e d i
ieibie Juel vehicies
Ptie?-Seeies fuels cau e wsed okame c e Mixed uitw
aine y ratis oy mply adding it ta Ane kank
Neaatie Masackens one nat Makiug leiake Juel vehicles.
s

Series utis ase Janily a seneuohle, nGAbekuslewu, liuid Juels

thct a
e Js gasdine.hehiesd etyA tekrahydncuean
ATAE, eLansh, avd kydnscaotn tniete he P-sexie, FuelL

Make e P-Series Juekr, Pane Energy LOnpenakiou asitl ve

yducing sthaval and MTHE Hnaugn an integuated braces. he
aponyexpeN i e
tnenially paveu tancentbiated ad
wydsdyi ay iby b e techuclay j Hus wtegeted sduckion
puoces

P-Serues uel addnesser Hnnee rchleu: He need Jan non

porkeuM tneray Muces, Athid u a t e Managemeut, amd
allandaciliy P-Series yuely uwne
icialiy dedgnated ay an.

aberwaise uei loy he uS Deparbeit Eneay pOE) in1999.

 PAG

USES
As Engie Fuely
ALtemakwe Juen ya diesel engnes ane beconing inneasingn
pontaut due to diiusning pekualeue esesuves amd the
Bnvianetal onneaueuces q exhaust gaes puam petraleuun-
ueled enginex.e e adwamtages P-Series s Hhat tiey
aevey tay s use. Thene is na need lau auny special Jue
Managemet becaue gasalie and P-Series tan be pueely
nterised n any braportion with duel has is already
n He vehicke 's Juel taue. So, even ij P-Senies is nat awailahls
lakaanticutan location simaly
,
jil p u i t gasaline. hese
uel ane inepeusiive Juel generated loy unicibal and
agicuttuwral usaskes.

The Nakional Reueual huesay kakonay (NREL haLued that

P-Seriey ueuld be 46 derived ec dcuestic uesounce
and sueduce pekualeum use by 8 0 as conpaned ts gaalie

se P-Series Juely ase gucatiy educey +oxic e u i s

uelsane.ccoCucaly aupekitive ust gasalie.

1heme a n e 3 mllin Lans e a MCad Heday that tauNd u

o P-sees uely.