Unit 4 Pharmacognosy 4th Semester

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CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING

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Una-V
Planacagaby en vosiou dyalena ol-Ruedecine
Kole ojhaxuA CaAsLy un aspa

Allopathy
Allos + Patho s
mean poife) meatut afoaug)
Allep aly dt a sen onediine, thaf ceuuko: direait y

uting senecdies tha ase der fom the ee pradoced
y dieate to be teajed.
(autacids ae tufed)
eAnhi-bactesias, aul-viralt, fo acidlpy
t us alto called as
" weeleke uuds cioe "
o nLadesrn medsckue
he JornA "allapajly" anas tolued in 1810

18lo y
Samue Hakvnann.
Plataacazusly ttt plays au únpor/auf sole lu the
utu allepajhy
treae maty ditcaset
t places a Ckuucia/ aole uu he ditovesy , chasacterizaffon

pradulkon o dugs.
/rudicines (tablejs, Captaule S,
n thit yeem, te dhupa
uting kyahofic
infeciond, Jauics , efe) e nuaufoctused
chenf calt o* cAenuicals olesived
prm aluka pradu cs
,
ke plans, anialk nuekals, eft.
Scanned by CamScanner

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Ahi yelenn aleo uses auedea equipnmcu fe diaguous,

aualptis, unge y, je .
Aduaidagel o allepaiy
ncdiale Juipomse.
kudt odeta fsAnt ave Oneifable.
Vatserut
Mader teckaolagy
candifont.
Managenueu iu eaurpane
Eeie
iiadorauaet o allsba.
sm medicafon Caute kenere tie ee
long
ug- du infovacfion.
uppes iuuu.
YAuph coi

Page 4 of 36
acdifona syie o uedscune
tyéjon nudicane ut alto knouon a

tadfonal
heUndigengul d medr'cisue,
medicue/folk medicine altenae
, procffees
Cotises o medical apel o- buoueledge ckil k
cehures ae uled to trea diseasel.
eased on dller
ypes
he type o tradpliona! sefenn o- uedicine ae as llocos-
Ayuhveda
(Nafospoly)-+[dgless theraty
AYUSH Iaga
Unane
.iddha
Homeopay
IAyuxve da o P
t u au ndiau &yem adine

Auda it the CAbinayton o o lanskt MRds
Aya-g e
Veda'- boslhdge ox lsence o e.
us, Auveda uuant ence dfe.
canne uijo existence
t au alde wdical dyele, tha
n abs 900 8.C.
4 vedas orisfen by AyaAd, Tey ase-
Se
Riveda dham Veda, Yojux veda h Ataava veda
to ,
Hal Upaveda Cpe) Amavaveda.
Ayunveda u the

Page 5 of 36
cofsibuilione to
.Chaxaka k Suskuia made dipaifcot
Ayunveda.
dankifa"was avttu by chanaka
Ale hook "charak
& he mas kususa au he aln oAyuvedi.
nic painciples o Ayuveda

1sunciples oAyuxve
Sopendhof
faichanmakabkuifa doa Ral
Vofa
Rakra
Jala Meda
Vauu kapla Mauta
ai/Ea
Akatha
Mara
Shuksa
Astu
O Panchaahabkuila siddlola uni vekte l
to aucieu mdian plilodopluy the
,
- Accedung
5 batic elemns, i.e.

-
Couupored o
CeanHh)
oithv
Tal Cuwatn)
Tya Aire)
Vaypu Cai)
CSpa ce)
.Akath
&vergluing a theromunverwe, úntkudug food k the bodies
these bhusau.
were doed

Page 6 of 36
Taucdocha theanu
ase 3 dehas the bsdy. Ahy 0e

Aure
Vafa Spaee t ain)
Jigui4)
Pia CRone
t t sia)
kapha..(igud Clauchannababkuar)
baeic eleman
Jiary, he 5
Acc. to jluuman hady n 3 diferu ns. ogefur
exii in
Kuss as ridsela".
Jhse Ysidaeka phuse n
kalanced faran n
the bady
shan as halthy Condijon, k any
úmkalance in
Coudexed tondiPjon
direated
Tridotha CAutrdeted al dalance Jhese
he kance
töes to maufan
Ayuaveda
eles nvousAya/en. dankollon
tuguloles he movenu h
Vala -
-
Rezponiblefor tu
bady.
cely /shsle
reslofes ,eneray pa0du tion, digeefion,

buiding iu fhe essdy.
lakaliu tiue
ula/es haa},, mtts, fmalin o
kapha -
éregthening oomac
ludk , musul

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Sapla dhafu hec

+he Canabinalion fanchbhuilaforns +baicJiut us
o He body aefesned as dapta dhau'.
+ du diajus axe the kady condit k fons koie

stsueae bady. hey ae as folouss-
a) Rata-ymph /Plasnna.
Rakta Bloo4
6 -
Meda- 47 fietue
C)Mamta- mude tiue
Majja- Bsue MaAow
L Shukra- Seen /Repradilive tiuue.
g AsHu Bones
Aly are the bypradu othe dhafat.
Mala- faxtly wd ytue bady Hhan thaf
fen digezffon.
exoled au xoaile matfet ate
Auy ase a
fsllous4-
elmif: akisnkef ky kady
Ca)
(a) el naatýen
raad-Usepul
-
b) Mura- Urune
- faeces /stsof
t)slak

Page 8 of 36
diagnodis
diteases ae diagao dad by okseavalon do ghot
Ake h
Cvapa, pitpa & kapha).
Undle ur, skun, eyet, Rails k Jangue is sseave.

+Recaxdiiy he pulte
.
Invertigalon omala Curine trole
, k koeoj).

Page 9 of 36
+ Unaai ylem ol medicine

Sh yfem omedieine ognaled -
un rece by
heek pkiletepken HBppocajes"(460o 3t7 BC)
Y Choa system wat afer developed y Arabs h becane

Pepulat as Apuab kydem omedrcine
mdi une got upeilance Eppt, Spra,rag

Unani
Perdea, da, dhna a gln couaiet.
Avabs dnd utroduced
Unani dyefenprhar y
nMughalk.
Tndà,
Made up
Unani Coutider he kumnan badyo e dt
CApOu
. hsy ase
Axkan elenuis
undo
Nige- tempoann A phyisat Jak
Aklalh - humgur accau al thete faqert
Anga- 0gau aore dusing diagnoii
Arawh dpvis
-
pres be udiine.
Quo fhcultiet
Afa funcfione
u bale iu 4 bic elennfe P. e. -
Unan udiine uwajes whica have dilfeau tenpohaaueu
Eal, Al, h fe
Jo, Cola, ha7
,o & dy.
Ahe bady has tonpand ongant ohich
ntle & g
ownlsue twaugh 4 Humgnt je.
Blos4, Phlepm , Yetlno bile 8la ck bile. ,

Page 10 of 36
Blos- ha & we
Phlegm tolo he
black &lpe- Cotd &

d.
kealth it a stofe ot ady
Ace. fo lii dylenn,equilibiunu un huusuwu
uu which hure t
apoamuk.
equilibium ot he Hunauws it dichrbed,
shu Fe
diente praduces.
diagnetis
wfa The halp oq
e dieadel axe muauly diagnoled
Pulae CNabz), phyicaf exaninafon Uhine etonf.
asse deugless agnenS ake adufced
resci e , Mattae, Hanaun (Tnkich Eth)

2
ieToHunapy- de di* ae se co meaded the
Patrenso dPeraa daies.
erhs h oloug ae used.
plas anmals

Page 11 of 36
Siddha dye/ene o edleine

t s an anify kifaol yefon, fosf4 defste LoooBC.
su Indian
t it excutively uked ni Tan uphere k ciilzafon
Y prvales in
Malayeia &
e
laiilou sfet d ndia, i lanka,
JJ
ingahe
Azazlyoa Asas belied
yo ke he ghn o kiddha
choakku,
Medeine he wofe a botk knsusn a "Azaiya
adfc pxúnciplet
Ahe 5painciples g fanchamakablua esty éumer,
axe -
(g{«et fae hope To kady ivchding tferues,)
ear1t
Btui- aperepeueng blrpd,secaefion Hande, ofc)
App-
Appa
7Taya-fihe (givet ustion, kels n digetton, fe.)
in Aupuraffon)
Vay air (klps
-
Atatha pa ceky
-
TMuma Vafa, pajlia kapla

wwwwlance qhe cquillbsiuun
vofa, pita kkapha CTSauna) Caule
o
ease

Page 12 of 36
iaelve udeujhg il
Causes.
Y Ae
dagroue o diteases
phyejian genexally ivolve

checkng o
* Vorce
Thoaka (kiu along uift
Bkntani (4pech),
Nadi (pulte), Cfeces/4trof)
Malam
Pomgue), Beitam
Ckady ), colouh.
Viphi Ceye
uipan Cusne),
+Tsaafu kated on al diagasefHe chataefer o pofeuf

extenively we veilable
dug4
ddha ien .
KAushte as oell as uuva oripan Use o mfal ke
gold, et, kulplut, }inc, cppet, miCa , efc ae nly
een in tiddha eyfonm o mudicne.

Page 13 of 36
ttoneopalky yeleaL d uediciue

Homeopohy
Homoul t Papho"
Mean Ike
Cna)
dukefhnces Copable auting ditoadav

Hmans he
healtiy dulje* ase ued_ al udicne yo Freo
foam
ouafar pal/ora d disokden in diiled
Tkus elenm o Aedýtune wal intrdu ted y a

eaa Dr. damuel Haknenann in (755-1843).
He sata deman phyel cian, cAanuist k a Plasma cist,
based on the nafunal law
,
kaalng foe.
ilia Kioilibus Curerua shick
Lke Cued by tes"
Fundaudal áplet oRonaopaly dlisussed
undanunlal paineiple oexe k
Ah aic dillekukfiorm
Hahnenann n
Honuuopaiy i bose on tHe lauo
O Law d dinila Curentw shich
Sili'a kinlibus
ans kes ase Cued ikes
tau day Hhal, EK the mecine
In a kinple ay e
admunislered to a diieated ndividual u kuch th
onne
gfven to a kealHy perlm produes
dieose.

Page 14 of 36
2Law o
plex iple k gle douga sauld be
preseaibed ola tie.
Kauo mixim : dugs ae adwunlStexad n niuun
guansfty to prvei uusaifed dlHP.
proving: do opply dsugs fon Jhsrafeufic puspate

dnug
pooer thsuls be knsus
hei craffie
Individualieim Medicines tan heea hu preu oi bed m
c
the basis nanne odireate kaif
ndrui dualiping ch cate odreate.
.Teaiuei
PafPruss if e aske abau qhai mudital hiifas,
dief, Uaple, phyefcal k enuafenal 4-7Je.
+lulfak kmady nil be presoiked n Jhe katis

polent' individua aynptoms.

Page 15 of 36
CHINESE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

.Traditional forms of medicine have been used in China since the 3rd Century.
The 1 herbal classic written in China was published in Qin Dynasty (221-206 A.D.) called the
Agriculture Emperors Materia Medica.
Traditional Chinese Medicine is a holistic medicine that considers the "whole" person - body,
mind, diet, environment, emotions, lifestyle, and exercise.
Traditional Chinese medicine system consists of 3 parts. They are:
I. Theory II. Treatment III. Prevention
a) Yin & Yang Theory a) Herbalism a) Qi gong
b) Acupuncture b) Tai-ji
c) Moxibustion c) Meditation
b) Five elements Theory
d) Cupping
e) Massage therapy
I. Theory
a) Yin& Yang theory
It is a concept of dualism. Yang predominates during the day and turns into yin after
dark.
In human body when the Yin and Yang elements are well balanced, the person is in good
health. A person falls sick when the balance is disturbed.
Yin Yang
night day
dark light
cold warm
negative positive
passive
active
female male
solid hollow
liver gall bladder
heart small intestine
spleen
stomach
lungs
large intestine
kidney
urinary bladder

Page 16 of 36
Yin and Yang in body:
Yin Yang
Lower body Upper body
Chest and abdomen Shoulders and back
Interior Exterior
Internal organs Bowels
Fluid Gas
Nourish Cleanse
b) 5 elements theory:
The 5 vital organs (Heart, Liver, Kidney, Spleen, and Lung) are corresponding to one of
the 5 elements of Universe i.e., (Earth, Wood, Metal, Fire, and Water).
The 5 organs function in an interlocked and interconnected relationship.
Liver
(Wood)
Kidney Heart
(water) (fire)
Lungs Spleen
metal) (earth)
In the human body, if any change occurs in vital organ will affect the other organ and
cause disease.
II. TREATMENT
a) Herbalism
Herbs consists mainly of natural medicinal materials such as plants, animal parts, and
minerals of medicinal value.
Different parts of plants, such as the leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and seeds, are used.

Page 17 of 36
Each ingredient has unique characteristics and are used to treat diseases.
b) Acupuncture
Acupuncture involves the stimulation of anatomical points on the body with thin needles.
Acupuncture patients usually feel little to no pain because the needles are hair.
Fig: Acupuncture
c) Moxibustion
Moxibustion is a traditional Chinese medicine technique that involves the burning of
spongy herb to facilitate healing.
Fig: Moxibustion
d) Cupping
In this therapy, cups are placed on the skin to create suction. The suction of the cups
mobilizes blood flow to promote the healing of disease.
The cups can be made of variety of materials including: Glass, Bamboo, Earthenware.

Page 18 of 36
e) Massage therapy
Also known as Chinese massage (Tui Na).
Uses wave like motions to loosen joints and nourish muscles.
Stimulates the flow of Qi (means energy), blood and body fluids.
Can be used to treat pain, stress or digestion problems.
Fig: Massage
IlI. Prevention:
a) Qi gong
Qigong is a Chinese form of exercise.
It regulates the mind and breathing to promote the flow of energy.
shutterstock.com 1079572754
Fig: Qi gong

Page 19 of 36
b) Tai chi
It involves gentle, dance- like body movements with mental focus, breathing, and
relaxation.
Fig: Tai chi
Prepared by:
Ms. Garima Sahu
(Asst. Professor)
BIT- Meerut
School of Pharrmacy

Page 20 of 36
Ihtodu cion to ecndasuy metabolefee

econdary mejobetije
psinnasuy
bocya|hedipeod trem
Ahe rujalutifes skick ote
mifakolhfas.
mabelifesax aled a ecandasu
ane ne pheson all plaa: buf oase pudn
Ahy
peifie pas ot play k fonly
.
cips - ketu
Exanpler -vsls?ile Tannius
- Alkalid
lyentider flavonsis.
# Alkalsiys.
ane the fecamdatey nuzjakalifes,
icpiuin- Ne alaleids
u ch oe oagauic suupauunds, kaic uu
0 MARe N-alom in a
helekD y cic
auhe, Coa ole
aing &ylonm a git Speafic physiolagical acfivufy to kunnan
pertiet-
y ae iusoluble in wala.
.Sonse alkaloidal katel ae sukle in ale

Caeine, ephadrine, Codeine, eft.
Basi'c un nafuhe .
Generay Jhy axe cualne

talige.

Page 21 of 36
Moilly ae calsvrle k feuo ane havung talsuk

Co/clhicine, Beaberine, fc.
Alkaleds codainung oxygen ahe kal n nalue
Atsopine
uquuf un
kalaide shich ave rre from 0xuge
ake
alune
e Nicafne
cAuJain N-alom n ufs Sruchue.
huy
PAnhficlon tee
uu petanau by uung vansotuu
Ahe idenfcalion Jel
uaganfe ke -
u a palakcjum uuhuuic isdide xelufion

Mayeks Juag-If
calnured preipitofe
-
t gives Cheam
kalulíon.
It ut a polatchun bicnuif Jadide
(2) andon gfives suddith érns precipitafe
D
jodide Aelufon
Pt u a potuiwn
3) Magans uaul- pripítalfe.
gives ud cslau
-4
4) agen 'suaqul- 4 ie a kolufim d pcic acie
yeliarw tolouhed preupitafe.
givet

Page 22 of 36
Claiftalon d alkalaids
hay oe cloified uo 3 Man clastes
)ue alkalaids
CIL uoto alkalaid
do akalaide
seudo alkalnids
ue alkaloids Proto alkalsids
y ase diaived rom y ae allo Ahuy ae ra desive4
anD a tios. dwived ron auo Tom Oino o tids
acias
-hefonoy
y are kavuu y are havu
7Ahy ase nof having| kpexvey tlic sung
le siung kepoocy clic sing
N-ofom il N-afom uh N- alom.
uue alkalelds:flofin claui ed into

claisel
fallsusig
Bosic Exomples
lype sin
Nicafne
foele CoCa
N
aligatidine alalid -
Rygune
Rpenole yrolidine
Pyridue k
- Asecalne
- Anabatine
Piperiy ane akaleide W - labele e
yigine Piperidine

Page 23 of 36
Bathc 9ung Exanple

Ype
(3)epane alalaids Ata0pine
Hpoicine
Cocane
-Hyarcyanune
ahalnlds Quulnine
th Quinone
Quinidine
N
Cincho ine
Cinchidine
5)aquinolne -Morphue
alkaleids N. Codeine
apa vane
akatoids Eagonnilue
)Sndple
Resepie
Vinishue
-Vinblone
N
ndapole -Rilocapne
akalsids N sopilocanpine
Rroto alkaluiys
Epludrne
Ameno alkalejds Cofchi cine
CH-OH Mestaline
CH-CH3
NH-CHa3

Page 24 of 36
Beudo alkalskds
Boic u Exaples
Cafteine
une alkaloigs
N ALobsaune
Aeothuyline
Ayceides
deputm-Ne gycacides are e decandasy uajakelites
ih are okJained frr plas h hich

on
exgyuaic0 ace ydkalyeit gies dupark rou-dua

Aid/yyafic
ydrseyir Kupar +Nan-kugar
alyene
Agycme
*eeiely
qivet turapeuic
stytme usiey u tu uar parf achuty
Aglytne woe u non- duar pa
Rroperties-
ausrplsu kubtfances
Shey0 ae Cyetline
on
in análue.
hay 0e nsa- velalue
inwale k alto dl). nalcshel.
slbe chlsrajo, bmpene,
.heplble un onganic dalvels te
he, fc)

Page 25 of 36
ay axe optically ative Devorotaloay n naluhe.

bites Jatte .
Sha 0e
Colburletk tonpsunds.
Sae
Clasii ficaflon ot glyetidet
tu boiut o a9ytone tiefy.
On shatu 9rcoidal Jukage
CI) Ch te
On He katisof ag toue ueicl,
Exanple
Clases Lhubasb
.
Kerna, Aloe,
Antkaaguinsne gycetides
Thevefia, Kquil,efe.
Coxdiac s tfersida kortalie,
2)
efc.
kaponu gyestidet
Cquoaice, huseng,
(3)
gy coLides Bitfer aluoud , ilo CAexsy boat,
yanagnaic
)otiocyanale 9hyuzides Black uufard
CG flavered gytotide anko
e Vanilla.
C Atdhde ghcoris
9y cotude Beanbea
(8) Phens
gycatide senffan, Gursipa , chirala, R.
)Bt

Page 26 of 36
On the batis d-_glycatidal Jinkaget

LEnkage
Lre
een
k agycne pasp
g*auped the CH, OM, SH NH
le 9ycotidee e llo
Sukages prse om the agytone Maiy.
) C-9yotides
his
, ugar melkule u disec/ly alfached to C-aforn
cme.
a
Cone 1ycene- C- ag'ycn
n e
4y cneoHt Hagly
, (oscakatides.
Aloe CAtain)
OH O AGytane pa (0 uga pa)
O
oo álytme-C-aguy cne Jukage
yune
par
(Als
2) S-4ycatides tane
dly toue-OH tHs-agycoe ye-S-agly
ane-S-49ytmenkage
Os] Gytanepa
Aglycene c=CH- -S- i
N-OSok
pal

Page 27 of 36
Kuga pasf Jinked fo alaksic oa pkanali c

.0- Glyotide -
ogyane pax:
, digitoxi
e. enustide Gypnigine
came
ly tane toH tH-Agy
teme -
4ycne -0-
)N-áycotde -
HN-Agycone 4ycoue -N- Azy Lme
sycaneot t
guanne, ufoehe)
Nude otises (Adenihe,
deatafroain težl for gycotlfes

anlsaguinane gyeotiqes
CSfot
Bora ger te
Madified éonrage te
apanun glycsldes
) deue
Maunuelytl telf
foanm te
Atirsid gycatides -
fet
(3) de Gbesruan - Bschard
teet
alkroski tetf.
4)deaf oa Caiac giyotisks
kelleh-kiPiani tee
kapal tuf
Balfet teuf

Page 28 of 36
Te fn cyang.eefie 9ycotide
ndiunu pitxale tea
C Taf fo flavene glytotidlet

Arusuia tee
hinada tel
Flavonoids
efuitiom- dhe flavanaids ae a clait oecondaiy

melabalifes, slich ae usify otjaihed re
vepelables ,å contaund 15-C kelajon, 2 engcne sun
tau&
(A&) & a kejonotycic ing CC).
Gennal trucfone
e Plavnsif)
Popertfes
Cupehustine Aslid ninfl thasp naefhug peiut.
Saluble in waserh alcele).

ns olukle in yanic Aolvens
Nluy ose ophically acive.
2 benj ne iugi uliked
.Contua dIsc kleforn ili
y heferou cc ing

Page 29 of 36
uyleuoert he cheleilena Jevel .

ly ae kaving out-oxidau propely.
teilfo flavsnsids
de fim
() Ammonua tee
AlcoAalic kal" oduy
filtea pape dipped iu if

noo expaled to anuDI a vap8usLe
Kpotappearl
elno
aCAnint he presene otlavensi.
(2)Shinsda teut Hutnins
Alcoloic exra o dsug + Magneli um
mix
A. Hu added
PaColou praduted.
3) Vanillan Hu teet
Alcabolrc Kalodbug + Vaillu H
Do
loua prtduced.

Page 30 of 36
o flavonoids
Clasd iaom
ClaS Suctue Exanuple
- kufeolin
C) flavone Pplgenin
-Ciodgei
- (Texis ten
(2) soflavo nes
Cafeckin
) Flav6na
o
- Nakn90u n
op
-Hespereu
4) Flavano nel
Cyanidin
Cyaniolins Malvldin
Anto -

Page 31 of 36
+Tannins
tfhe pkenobc Conpoundi,
euition- Tatins aekauing alsingeuf prop-ey.
oick ae
thaf pret pi tafes prolein.
otu un chofu gynanotpe k agiolbenL

duy
dolulfom
Shese ecandauy mijaksl ae pruef in
An the celW Kap allo un vacueles.
Propeaties O tauuns-
-fsrms calaidaf dalufion wali.
y ae -
kpefaline ubelane .
un gycenine.
slubla wate, alcoh k
nakingty sauble n yl acujoje.

nsokle n
0tpanic Maleuf
Maleculat wenghf ranges om Soo to 2u0s50,
Biasynthesis d tauuinN
Thaough ikinic ac ahnay.
Claui tiafom d tannins
Hydaolygable Jand'ns
Proauthouyanidins/Condauied Hanin.
(21

Page 32 of 36
Hydrolygable tanwins
naue indicaler, these tannins ote
hydD?
As he
by atideengyauas.
produd o- hydrslyis ae
The
4alic ati
ellagfe atid
Exanp le - Clove
Myhobalan
Chutt nu
Rhubasb
Conduued tannins
at non-luydsoly 2akle
tanuine /
Auonowsen roanfioeyanidink.
a mare widely duefsieufe fhon ydrrolypable

h
ta nt.
hey ae he palynners foaed by the toudentaHon
la vant.
Erauples - . Chloragunic aid
CafecAin
dentikiafon ttt!
sold beafes Ckiu teef
Pkena pone tee
ofe chn te2
Chlorogenc a t tel
elafin te
.yanilin ydrochlovic acid te2

Page 33 of 36
E volatife
o
e puion Ae volafHe oif a CAncenatd kyebophokic
liguid axe velalife un nahese.
shih
*Lvolatde Ealy evoporoled af room tenpeifune]
lay ase alo knnn as essextfa/ o h eMereal ai)s.
dly a*e geuunally extracted y difilofion procets hy
ui tean.
7 dky ahe used in pexfunnes , Catualies, koaps h fa
lavau Purpele.
YAley axe dunived from peues k uade up rene
wifs CsHg).
Properties d-vokitye oils
s dutty a pltes than ale.
7 Having characteaisic odauh.
Haviag kige xefrachre
index,
7
Molfoum ase hicaly acffe.
Ssluble n otganic solvuds.
hsoluble in uale
YVolatile adune.

Page 34 of 36
Classi fiaHion
d volatile ols
pe Exanple
Alcchol valaile aifs eppexnint olf, Cardaaug m, Coriasde,
Rote o, dandalmosd.
Aldayde voläile oifs Ciuamon, konon þeel, hange pee,

grass, biteh aluend
Cifronetla oif, lnsu
qauthesia, lavenden, ruuilasd
eocarhsn velatlJeoik Tpiline f, batk petpeh .
kifone vota?ife eils

Ca&aoa Spean, Copha, uik,
vet-lle ops
, éucalyphuw
Oxie . Cknapodiun
Phenolic dte velalje Anie, fne, Nufue

ss
Phanol volatle a dove, 1
PAeuifi fco}lm ttfs r volafle sils

O
Tt Section
d dug + alcokalie dokqion o kudou I
eotauu praduted (nohcoles prei ence ovole

ed
Thn Sectlon o daug + Tnctune o alkone
Lalou indicafis resence d- volaule aif .

Page 35 of 36
TE Resin S
clatt decandasy uilakslites
o
defanr tiom- Retins oe he
wbick are 4icky, flaxuuable , organic
Couspsund!, iusoluble ún uwaen k ae eruded by konne
plais treet.
Plaus secheje satins o thei profecfive benaffs iu Jutponse
protects the plaiffro isee/s k pafingen

Rroperhfe-
uwafer.
dey we huavier Huan kubstances.
hard, tsantpasuf ar Jaansluce bitle
dy are
Kstvens.
SolAle in organic
naaluble in polas shuds.
- Hydsaphskic n naae.
Aluy ase skfained by oxidafion Tapenes
-
d
Classifcafjon of etht
) Oleo reins- t a Cobinafion o volafife si R setin
lpefune, Capciun , qungen, ett.
.
)Gu-Jesuns- t a o
coaukinatjon Junu raeins
eAsafhelida, Myph

Page 36 of 36
3) Oleo-9uM-aetin' a Conubination cvsla]ile aif,

guuu k Julln .
Lonrhined irtuae d- aein h

yco-rulu Ahee ase he
ycolles
Dpomo ea, falap, þodepkylun.
ea
Balann Pt a rinaus Subilance wlich csulaius
etfeas
cinhaic atid a honzeic acid o Hii
- Tolu ealiam, Piu baltam.
Ddn tcoln test dr retins

olufiom
)Alcslolic ealifion d suiu t
fuw draps o Fecds
Prsdutes gheau cslaun.
ankydriole
(2 Ktn porodes + lonl acefc
add dseps dH,o4
Puxple-vol}T cwlsur prsduced
Uses
ey ae use as adhet/ves.
In thu preparatfn o coefco.
pugafive, laxafive k kesafíve properfes.
Aann


Unit 4 Pharmacognosy 4th Semester

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Page 1 of 36

CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING

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Kole ojhaxuA CaAsLy un aspa

Allep aly dt a sen onediine, thaf ceuuko: direait y

he JornA "allapajly" anas tolued in 1810

t places a Ckuucia/ aole uu he ditovesy , chasacterizaffon

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Ahi yelenn aleo uses auedea equipnmcu fe diaguous,

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acdifona syie o uedscune

tyéjon nudicane ut alto knouon a

t u au ndiau &yem adine

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nic painciples o Ayuveda

5 batic elemns, i.e.

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ase 3 dehas the bsdy. Ahy 0e

reslofes ,eneray pa0du tion, digeefion,

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Sapla dhafu hec

+ du diajus axe the kady condit k fons koie

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Undle ur, skun, eyet, Rails k Jangue is sseave.

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+ Unaai ylem ol medicine

heek pkiletepken HBppocajes"(460o 3t7 BC)

Y Choa system wat afer developed y Arabs h becane

mdi une got upeilance Eppt, Spra,rag

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black &lpe- Cotd &

asse deugless agnenS ake adufced

resci e , Mattae, Hanaun (Tnkich Eth)

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Siddha dye/ene o edleine

TMuma Vafa, pajlia kapla

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phyejian genexally ivolve

+Tsaafu kated on al diagasefHe chataefer o pofeuf

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ttoneopalky yeleaL d uediciue

dukefhnces Copable auting ditoadav

Tkus elenm o Aedýtune wal intrdu ted y a

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proving: do opply dsugs fon Jhsrafeufic puspate

+lulfak kmady nil be presoiked n Jhe katis

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CHINESE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

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Yin and Yang in body:

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Fig: Tai chi

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Ihtodu cion to ecndasuy metabolefee

.Sonse alkaloidal katel ae sukle in ale

Generay Jhy axe cualne

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Moilly ae calsvrle k feuo ane havung talsuk

u a palakcjum uuhuuic isdide xelufion

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uue alkalelds:flofin claui ed into