Unit 5 Pharmacognosy 4th Semester

Page 1 of 51
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Page 2 of 51
Unit-
Plant produels nufh
fiheri ane lengátd hstk
valed cells
FbersAhe
peanJed ndt.
cellualate k ae otlained frern béfh
Al tell sal! conieo-
Aaheral k aifcial ohces.
nafusa hers ane oéfained fom planfe,riuehalt o fem
SLe
auinLal. Carbokydiale 6 prolen
long chain
he nafura/ fibeke ate ane hepared frem doug
uoleculet dile the asfiicial ahere
cha palyaneh nuele culet.
ce
Fibers séjained from vaius sk
Fhen dautce &xonuples
ue,flax, Banana, Catfon

Aninmal iber Sk, wwoel
Syillefic kibeu Nyle, Teylene, cilo

Manesaf flert Ght, Asbeifor
O Fibers wden rcaled afl Mslutke Juaga giet viee toloce.

acid
Filet ate nef qahaned ashen healed wk aguust pikic
Fibent do nel proderee ed Colatth slen bat/ed h ntfsne

skern trealed asqh chlot-ginc iadide
)Fbess af qives blane talaeas
Scanned by CamScanner

Page 3 of 51
TF Cotton
sgonsRaus caton, Fuiftd caifon, Absorkenf catform, fapar(tindi)
Blo.Saace- t ut obfalned fron epiqenua tichonet (hais) dh
eeds of-Gossypiu kixtufun
oscypiuau barbadente
faaudy- Malvaceae.
geo. dauhce - U.s.., SYPt, Aica &India.
. Macknscopica
Charactes
Colees slife
Odeus Odsele
s-.
Tatfe Tasfeleet
2 to 4.ca (lugfh)
. Chunuico
Csienys 90% Celulete, 7-87. o Rueitture, k3a X , fa] k
afo.r7).
Uses- ufed i duspical dactlnps
-tted at a flterng mediuna.
ufed to abseb blesd, pul, nucut, e.

Page 4 of 51
Jute
uo uyans- (quuuy.
rm fen d
.Bfo. cance -
tcanditc o phloena ibere
- Cechstee Capsulaie
- ConchoAul oloi
faniky Malvaceae/Tkliaceae
eo. Mauhte -Hei Besga n Assam

.Chendc ,
Cellulose 20% hui-
Caahun - Jule u Ceneied o50-53
- uguiu
cetulete to 11
clofh for iakpaug boles cotfm
Uses nucke Chaia Coverunps,
hey ase allo
umoven into ulat,
Capafe
F_Henb
,
Marifuaua Ckahal, Ganja,
Bhaug, Carnabis.
naaus -
Bfo. aukce it a peicycheer otjalued fren

Cannahts ata
Fauly Cannalina cea e
Anueica, Geraua
, Kofperlang,
.jeo. Kauhte -Cluna,
Atshalia, Canuada, hanee, Neusay lanada,
ndia.

Page 5 of 51
oChnuica
Coueluen- IE ul Maunly coune o Cellulos e k lign
UseS - Canadka henep us uwed to axlonfic, azlana,
Cought
fc.
} aleo uted fot huas preblencs
Henup
fbet ase
uted u
he prepaoffon
fta kags, nduilsíaf falere, Cuthen ty t
Cigeralfe papeii

Page 6 of 51
Biaty álakaletes
AccaAdun to ylabu!
Caéshydrafes
e
Protens ngya
Spudy obeut| Lpads
Genaral frodutfon
chunity Cmfunfs k
ouh te CBiolagico dunte
if shuzhse)
l bcogrophico taute)
repaxaio
EvaluafHon
Prueafo), tatae
Connuehca) fity as
iuapufe ure.
Plaxaceutto aids.
Plaxua.cea aids
Plaiaacejcal alds ase He drups/kethilautes slscd ha t
o t rle e
phasacacelagfcal effe br hoy are uled in te
Preparafin oplaxaaceefitaj detaje (Gike taklef, je-fion,
feu
Capsule, enulljon, eft.)
Clatifieal'an-
Bundert - Acatia, apatauh
ditiategiaiug ageu-e.. tos ch
Colusu aeus -e uine
TukuhiC, Cat
Preseavafive
uoeeenert ,fe.

Page 7 of 51
Frumas nulakslite
y dieefy ya7hatiped on plail: ashick ase sulel

diefaibaled an ualire.
hy ake ivelcd un grnoll k developnuen
Fxanplet - Carbohydkafet
Pretetu
lipiss.
# Caskskydsae
sagaufc tanpaunds Made ut C, H A0,
Cavekydrales ase he
faun dinng ganituuu.
ane oduted y
phs/atyatfkotit in plaif:.
Shoy
YT ita douhee o enery, Cauyug a nsua u ci ons
ueh al 9k0w, noueleuf k ruclakehenn
Seis fo Caskalydral:
O Maleh Fealigsteet
odline teif.
Claiiolen dt caskohydhate
sugars
-
Ca) Mono sarchasldes
Ogosorcharide
saccharldes
sacclaridet
)FTsasacecharidet
)Non-saugait - Poly Sa ceharidee

Page 8 of 51
TF Acacia.
CHándi)
you -
Gumm acatta, Baku
rem
dried gunauy exudafion sëained
.Bio. auhte -
dhe
he fen branches oAcacia aiabica .
Fauiuly Kegnuo Sae
geo. dosr te - hda, i Losuka ,

ica
Mazmarcepica
chana cert Colort-Chaikt óreton to Jud
Odauh Odourlett
Taefe -
taiJelets
hape tean dhape
Vawek
Salubiflty - datuble un salea
h nseluble ua alcelef.
Chenadca
CAneituetsk
-t weulaut Avnbiuluirjuke Caleium, magurtiu k
Poataiun Kalte o Arebsic acid).
-
t alte Celasut engyaue oxidaie .
Evakuaflon
-0 Bnax tee
Aquccus acaua kolafion+ Borar
Traueluteuai fered.
kead acelafe teet
Aqueut D" Aa CLa t kead ate/afe d"
euitafe fevued
k

Page 9 of 51
.Collecliom & prepaxalon
FoR celle c)ung qun 6-8 ycat ald reer ae phefesre
fem al he Jnve oaufer (uevencber)

uncition it nuade n d
he gu exudafes aftes 6- oeck
o oeckt
This blea cket the gum Jerut n oite tolo

uco, e olfakued qun ut tuet/e4 k facked.
Preiean k Aitae
+Ataeua it Afatedin ais fagh confalnes i tosl k dy
place.
Uses- Use at a euliying agea

Ac
Uteal
- Uted
al a duuulten7
a bnduug agaru
making landiet, .

Page 10 of 51
E Aga
Aga agat, helote, Vegi/able gelad .
yaenut -
olfained
Bio. ouAte -t it e dried gelaliuauk duhifance
unm
amanitf
Om elidi
Famy elpda ceae
heo. kauhte Japan, Neso Zealaud, kerca, kaufh Afita
USA, chlfe , pain , afugal, India sfe.
Maaelceblca Colour-yetlonoish ushife to gtey.
ChanacfetS
odsw- ddaurler
Tafe ucila ginsu
pousdek
khape - ips, flakes ot coaide
cin eipatícc selvenlr, colfusalen
Selubiliby- ncaluble
Cnic
Caueftuns tCofau 2 differe
polytacchaleles d.e,
agarele agahefeen
Aqar it evalualed by ckenuical teeft

-
valeualion -
Aad
oudored day +
sulfheniune
colaur.
sed
neinera/d ath qagan t d}. He

Page 11 of 51
Peparalin calecon
talle fed in The kfusecn ayfo octsbes
he algae it
an aiufea.
k RuanufaiJusug ii dane
dhakon o uno
algae s ealletfed, dicd, hiafen h
>he
bleached by he expeiuhe iu the unlghf

Ahe algae it
feuo
Nate ase beifed sish aidulbjef mafen fs
auucifagen.atut aisil foraned whfch ut

aex ter
o, they ate Cielfe unjo hasi nuake thenm ufo ips
daly, ay ate die un knuga, seuov.hg marijuhe
a3 C
Use a a tulture
mmdiunmM.
Useg
a a nuleifping agan
Lufef in the mepasafen
t feies.

Page 12 of 51
Syonyud- qu ayatanfh, Anfina (hndi).

Bo. daur ce - 1
e daied 9ununy exudafion otjained
a bran th
akuug úneieion on eu d
Ashragalut_uaxifes.
Faly layununo iae .
Sypta, _ndia.
qep. dahte- Prau, Tutke,
Prepakofon
yea
Colei orm
neitions ae uade 6 he fin 2
otd plan
6qun exudes autt h drsed
depending an fht typeo šuiciant, chape ot le pn

be ftat, aitban ke, eft.
Phite 9ums wche callecfea k packed.
Macrarceica Celocek- Ashife , sligkf yeltenuo

chokaet
Odaw- Odoutlets
Taufe ntilaginout
ape flaf or cud
nlable un alcohol.

Page 13 of 51
CanLftus -
cautauu agacanhin (hmae lsluble),
Baltsta Cafen nsauble ), dugaks, ef.
Evalua'o- Traga cauh dol"f iadine dal

qreen colotut bradut e.d.
aqueoui fe clz el° (fo disps)
Tagatanfi dal"+ 107
ui formed
deep ye tro precipifafe
Pret exaon Trapatah ut StoRedu a oel dosed a

RGNRAa en enpeaTune.
kutpending aj*
Ued at dauulcenf,
Usel
Eincling age n aklefs R pile.

Page 14 of 51
Honey , Mad
aopnd- Madiut, akd prepaafion
Bio. daukece - D it a dacektune auig
-Apit meli fera
sefabned fm -Apil udica .
. Faly - Apieae
eo. Caut e prodeuced u oee_ndet Auepralla
t ,
,
Neud Zealand, lalfoinfa Afica in ndia.

reparali o Neclat o Hhe locee manly coufains 25
slle ct'orm
rom he flnoere
qhe bee ucks the neclan
he gyu úerfate pretei n Hle kaliva obee

hyebrolyte ducrale iulo daverugat
e the. hsny CBb k dupait

bee Aeathet
wa
cel
Kuga uuto a Ape ciaf
cunedugar pru en tn the hsuay ceab u!

conefe ufo honey n the hext 3 days.
Aafer uelo rom 7hit ey euapakafon

Page 15 of 51
At Hut fage he hanay

toau alail Ro iuven
KLgaA
20% uaftis
Bee clotet the honay conb aij fa hulp o
Ca &OX
he hney CoRube ase (alleeled

cap o tarut
oved a homey il talected by ceni rpaliom
Macat coica yullno

characeru Calo- Breun/pale
Ods Pleaian
Tafe- oeef
Nafule Visceus k tranthr tu q uid
gkucøre,uose ducaoie,
,
CpLfftue
csatu ay, engpanes , fC.
dextau, alaile
Uted as a lnraffve
Uses - LL
The haraty o
cold k taugh
it i alte having aufiseie profesfy.
Prelekvalfom
t d tad n soon Jepeafune
a oelf- chie caufaiue.

Page 16 of 51
Evafualon. 2ml aguesut ol" d loney + TeAleng 'of

Aae fen 5 ins
bik o colauk appea.e.
educng uga
preleute
Lu he
)Prolunt Enge
helein
®nganic CoupoLends which ha ve a
lre ae ke onuplex
Bag chaiu o aino aci k conias o C, H, O, N,S,
Conupousds.
P ay eseuial
proteins
lauti tulm dr
(ay iple proteuns 9Conugol cd prfeiat
en Albunun -Nuclecproteius
- 4lokzulen y topsoeias
-iceproteid
Aian teal frprotein
- Ninkuysrin feuf
Biusa te
- Xanfieprotefc teet
- Mit/en's tezt
P telf
Sadiun nafropruscide

Page 17 of 51
Role ot_proeu un plae

develepunenf
9aeuh k
Cafalyting eatfion
fos celulak fruehde t plan cetle
bjeloau
-
aoBio.dource
i
6jelfoans, aga.
okfatned by
e pasplaf byarolyeis
t
Coltage , dvived frem the ku, ti ue h
Ox
Bos tauhuk
Ov.is aies
tauy Bovsdae.
repata Bsue aken as aouo nálesia

«*ganic
fidy raunded k hu Jreafed aift
Noo, heaed it H
rae uateakaf nit then kuated

ndes prilune

Page 18 of 51
u uid elfaued evotostafed

yo} peiajen
he Concere qla7uu ut dpreaded su ptatt Pray

aaetly
Naw, he okfalue4 preduc dt dried af vasioui tenperahoe
died gelipka
To
f .
Macntcpfo Colau- Yelno

characle -
Odeu- Odsnle
Tafe-tasfelut
britfle
Ralue hord -
Lstubility- olukke uat haf sae,

atefc acid gin
2ycekun.
Scallle an alcala, her, efc.
CAenic
Ccksef cmzfihnun)
Caneunts- Alitin
.Evaluaon -
eay anutsa eveet

Gelolen se" + dadalane gai
Gelafan kal + qannic aid

Aefe precipitafe
faed
reve Adat cotad n a fkf confaines af
acon Tepeaalue.

Page 19 of 51
Use-u he auanufoifut.inj q kard k kelt pelalne

lhet ocatpule.
- in The Prpaaion ot utluse Rudia.
- Uted al a kulpenduung aga ickening agen,
Caaun agu, 6mdu a
P
#Catein
aur ce -
i a
exkut
phatphoprole
abaf 37%.
u (aund ua uik a te
Prpasaien- Milk i ralud sih acefic aed
e af Jrajuen sumouet Calesun cafin
aves a uafet ndslulk piogpkatroren
ies, rourded k packr4

Cheic t Caufauuf all o ke Cenunuen anno atide ike
Conit gloulin , alkunuu,C.
.Machecespital Colou kifehiyht yelloo
ckora
es ddeu-ddeurlesf
Taufe Taefelet
Aawe Amarphous k kyghescapíc dold
oebofly-eteble vin aelds k dl. alkal
- Undauble u Lafe .

Page 20 of 51
Evaluan
suajeu
I-2ml teicu+ biu
Ahake we A dthnd fo* mine
obcervefat any colaus change
el utat frem blue To vsolef, MMaRt prohcuue

he Prele
Uses- a uaking cheee.

qo nuake diohay kupplonens.
-
h proteln
- alto ulu al eauuulet apai, bridig aga.
ule LORueficg , uediceeel, eC.
Enes
Alute ase fhe matkouuolecuulet usbick uf made up o proten
oacteltafe thanical seacins.
ha Can
Ao caAy ei tHecoislagicaf proteiie a

cell, enptan
ate heguied.
Claiftafon o eppnus
ot acfiuufy on cel
Onhe tfe
katii
u Tutt, the enge funcfons
Ca) troacetlular enzyane -
sflun 7h tell
Enya dnvelved u TCA ycle.

Cb Exhacellulas eug nes-dn ue, ene unchions
0ufide he cetl.
P
e dyeufve enppues like -bepsa, anuylaie, efc.

Page 21 of 51
2) Ch ue baiut ot unefon
Amnfeial e - lyale
Ocidoredueafe ugale
- tyedrc lase
Applicamt ot enyaA
Afavck ano
-late -
ud u foa únduiy Jo csmvo
gncate.
neplekinale - Renuoves blead tlef.
Aspasapinafe - Used in tan tek heraty

- Ue n chesse prparafíon.
Nhese ae Te eupyae hal brakdoush he proleu nuelecules

unfo amino acids,
y ae foud it plaife, anfauali k uu nuro-ttpauinut

a ceaia, algae, vitutes,ePe).
Ofapaur sa digesfve engyune shich u fau n
abaya
rufs leavet o Cakica papaA

Canicatca
Fanicly

Page 22 of 51
eo. tauh te Anerica, dri lanka, Tanzasa, Flotúda

ouilh Alnta , Auifralia, hdfa, efe.
gheen
reparalo ncesiou ae uade co he ouke
fruif
ex Cone ou allecled
dni'e4 poificd sifl wsafs k preipitafef iife

alcalo
ollaincd
xeany whfe praduc
kLald praduef
ashi
Macret copica
CAaxacfet
Colovr alupe /gre cnch
ddou ddoerkes
taufe -
tasfelett
kyp*aitopic
nafiue- Alahty
dolukety- sluble un atalek
salulle olganic kslves
Evaluafon) apa detolouice aquteLu potaeiiwn

pex nuagaofe efulfon
Papaun Catui e
Cukdling iu nilk.

Page 23 of 51
a
Frereava
apan pouede i Aotef a -20'C
el cinizd ceafaines
ued fet únainal k gaipic divetdese.

Usea it
uie un ewifauu prepakaffon ch teníct.
Ii
-d fo xuduce Janil.
Bsxouelauue
ckief poleate nyane fond
stem h fru: o pireapple
tir a
Fa
Bebgito ALi prokealyft enyaue it ielsfed fon jice t
Ananal Cenoius
-fayBxoaelia reae
auace- Apuerica, India, Isaland, chu, U. S., Bai/.
o,
Mexico, C- pieces
Frepakafim-Frui Jakam cuelle iao snall
MaceYaed k pred
jwce it okaned
pH i aufained o6
hoe, juuce us utofto k amnnaaian ialplhale
predpafafe of enpyne ut eljawed

Page 24 of 51
Kepatale4 ntathes asfe

the precipitale
accone
Jastly, he prodtuef it dhief R potked.
Macercapical. Colar- lipbeuse

ClakaclhiL Odpucelet
adeu-
pH 5.0 to&.0
Malukilfity - salurkle n tifés

Cankaaa
Saple t Na, Lo, ( dadium
Evalua fon-
heales a caaled
rluaa i
fPtekod
Sm taa addd k
di). HNO & hráte
Ano, flerafe a itijul aifl
5
added
Caold k AjNo ut
nsafh asuusuia
precipafa7e. fsnut k Fivafa4
keporajed k acidifed
kuf turb hol olfaine.

Page 25 of 51
Preievalfo
At ph 3-6, tpeae upto 60 , Branulaun
tnaiut table
en, axfsifis
Uses - in le hrapy -inflaauaaf
tntue spaising
t foili tofee
havarg ditefic h an plafelafe octvnufy.
-
ufit cheamng waund,
}picalyfet
ft ud
Seratopeptidate
protealyfic ngyae, kshich it ofan edfrem
t i alto a
ce-danfiopepté4aie it itelafd fen inteshine e-

un
kuern (Bombyx meri). knsetm
para lon-Ahe eyane ut preenfn fe ufafarna
i ed hler 3o'c u a
well lote
utekroom
Ceatnen k ausay fm dunlgif.
Uses f halp a quitk ktalug c

uoundi.
ued in pai k únftanuuaff'on
t
Pus accuulafion.

Page 26 of 51
Uroknate
animals
a kriue psttease preleu u lunnai k
kitay teit.
rhaalinm- Urekiate i spaiafeel frern kuran Ltue
reae hual 7r lo kas af 6o'
thnanskoplazfic actioify
free t
prpataffon it ured to prepare fibinalypt
i
unat
ruva
awe laed Ceaine.
UseS -
Uste ta bleed ol? ún keluns.

alie uled to res7 deep veun tranukstei (blood claj
in he dup eint o Hhe ksdt).

Page 27 of 51
Papaun
un
ita digeifie engyae, fsund gaiie fuice .
it
uce o u au uyame oAich us 6blaine mfhe
fanath (Kut enala)
foaly
epanaim- Mutouf utuékal of'aach ut eparafed
Taku
Placed in ocidiffed uafen af 34'c for e haus
tened & sladfun alit ane add4
Pecipaafe akjained
epanafe alcsdal it added to sen.ove kalts
.Matratcotftal
CAlou fale yelloro
Chanas @daut-Odsulees
Taute-hgafgéitfex
sueP - uludle un nfin , atide a
Sociu chlonide

Page 28 of 51
ruevaf at-20'e jor

k iaye peu
ph
u 4fdle af 44 colaineA.
2-3 MOufht
un a wel clot
Uses n prepaaion
Cheute
ir leafire nduilaiet
euekally uled o
diyefr rotei .
oganic tomponad sshich ake nmades

Lpias he llpias ate he
Lijenezu.aut .tonpaud fas, k -kiaxes, a,
alcaåslte.
are Asluélein ailt, fofe,
hte
.
Fuelm f- rvlufer eg tocell naenbkane
enponen d-a celf
-acig al a huelir
pattec fsen exeanal enukonmn
Clatifiofto o piss-
(a) stnple lipad (6) Canypautd lipu
F7, sax. -Phnplelijif
- 6yce lfpad
poproten

Page 29 of 51
Evaluafon g pids
O salkonbi
un cllareletn
anple diyelvad
q- H, SOy
add equ
Cenc
ol
prnduced
Chuy Jud toloun
ibernuana Eiachard teef

anle dist oled h chlorofeun
add feuo daepeo accic akydride

+eo dreps
SOq
t
Ceen. H2
bluich
bluiek
slupfon bethnut Sued, u blue a fualy
Caster o
di). CHan
yaspau- Caifar beas , unaui af , Arandi
Bro. ouhce t i a d ol, o/aines fron he decls ot
Ricit onuuunis
Fanily- Esphotkiaceae.
feo.ace- e diufipuftd un bragl, Thailand, Ponania

Page 30 of 51
Frepara 1on
n Coilo yeeii
afi
Ca4ler okfaues
tay.decf Cools ate unovnd y tuthing de

eoerallers
o, uy ake blaced ndet ai cutren Jo blero ar
ALOe ias
e kanalt are ploced un auf expelleie a roGn terpesaluse
appuyng -2 tone o presuse
k
taed af 8oc-lov 'c fo menuoe

8 ttead setin (poison dulihnte).
1 acudity èt uted fot

Caieff
diunal puhese
Mawescopica
Celoe- pale yellnu
Chanace odeus-laaf
Taee- Nauteaung
Aaue Vitout A hnaiparei liquls.
Sekubelity-alule. ua aleehof, chlaofas, eft.

Page 31 of 51
aeid,
and, iso7itnslric
Chnfco
CBRfits -ucaaiutati,
inoleic
Ricinaleie
steatíc atid, f.
equal ref"- altebe
Evalual ion
Caifon ailt
cleas alufPion fau
.reiehva
Dtt ed af tonpetofde
a: 5 to 15 F.
ubicanit.
- ule a
alto havtng ld pugafie actit.

Chaulnagaa 6
kgnmy
Bto. Lanet-
- HyduoCaipuf sif,
a fred of.slfaned
Gyaotardla oif.
fen the eedi

auhelnvusica
yda o Capul
Fai- Hatousraceae
Tkaifand, ki lauka , Bangladrth,
gep. Aote- Myaa,
n ndla (Assanm a hipusa).

Page 32 of 51
frepaka ion
eed a Jakeu
claned, mathed & driet
eila dt AnLoed
presttt e
Ketanalt ate chuiked undet
yellmo
Macrocecepica
cáohacjear
yellnoo bhoenuth
coloct- characjerigtic
odne-
Taufe acaud efter,
afeshel, chlesafoim,
seleellity- atukle in
kysrocarpic a tif,
paiaific. acid4
Chuca Claulueogtic acif,
hulerculetii, dheunäficm, efe.

ún lapraty ,
URe- utd kavang tacleaseida acfivrty
altes
in a oe
rekehvafion in caof k dark ploce,
ziered
tastaineh.
elsred

Page 33 of 51
lool Pa
Alapunite
yrsasart Lanslin, Agniu
oéfalne of frern the
Bio. Lauhte
- ufita puiied ax,
.faaily Bovidae.
un Auiralia
, U.s.A
lonmancfally manufalutcd
eo. auhte- India.
vey less exleu in
mss c A waihed wifk. a koat
freparaon- i
gpesie)
(talled at aseof
a exulicn dseol fa
Atafes
Touke iinplate
acig
on we ulphusric
rno, chatkiag he eultf Kpasafcq
anlanolun ut
kayex l
m the pres
flooijt
lanslin (woolgreate) he. Jovoe layes
falfy atedt ase
diuolvnd in
Sacliu
perexiye
leathng done.
MoctoSCpÍta Colorc-AdEPith yetlno

Claacea Odech- fain
ate- bland (flavaless)
duseluble
soueilfty - Aae i thgadt
eluble iun islveulk

Page 34 of 51
ito-thslelferof, czles ok aleic

ChendCa
CouLns
Cholesfexef,
acl, uicHe atiss, lansiferef
,
agaoilesa.
chtoroforan
Evoualio)- taef t
add Iml oaceffe ankytRide t 2 dreps Sy
colauek þToduces dute

to presence. o
deep grert
cheleiferef.
cleged eailatae a
CV) &i tored i a Nnell
Cse & dy place.
Used-Uted n he
Cktanut
ptpatafien i
ul a au emellient.

Page 35 of 51
Bees an X
yaonu Mem, &oaife beet ax , Yellno beetusar
Bio. owrce- ft a putified uoax, okjaiuef fem the hoasy

tenub obeed CApic mellbfeka).
Api'odae
Foay
Lausa ce - iël preparcd un Caiforata. frita, Frante,
gee. Heeruaax
efe.
taly, »dia,
rebaraion-Hey torub ug nuepted beifin9 ae
wax it wepled
toole ToXelitief
kMnDy
beetneax saued.
Macecepito -
cluanacTere calou- shife yetdero
0dau Rerey uke
Taefe- klaxy
oluk iffty- Kolueble ciu 8ganic Lelvnuf
- dntoluble ua tafe

Page 36 of 51
coélic arif, teneln, patntafe

CoAcih
tlau
Evaluai- AMAX
t Cautfíc. (neda (sufio)
produted.
No tnbidy it
USes dn the uanufaifutunj otandle.

reparafon -eúun
ace tstanul

Page 37 of 51
F_Natural allergent
agmnf ot ukilantes hof Cat tauie alergic

efindion he -
acliont oe (aMed af alegent.
askich ut capable oiuulaleng

o alesgen ut an anigen,
lype-kpordenditinsfyaailion ndindualt Jluough
gE mtpone.
allhagen eapers To le body oan
individua,
-Wlea an
dyilen
aabedfee wee prodictd by únuune ch redult in he
whi
age aulitady Aafio oect, suac)ions).
allesgic
ot-kiefankne Cging
sulease
oype o allergent
O nlkalha allurgen Dnfezon allengan (faadiic)
nfecped allsgane Infesta allegut
ngef aslgan
Corifacfau alhut
nkalai ailga ze inhalafionm
alhsgant, alengiet ane Cauted dy
By fue
ae denc nkifances k pelons, dulj, mafs, maulds ,efr.
inflaManafion
uy Ca Catie ulpsnafay digeatet,

Page 38 of 51
ngeifan aliont-
ute a foef aospent (resen in foof Atu), lksch
AMiun oads ane dlgeefef, fle iienils ase akcorked k

ke. alnpat finulaje allsgic Aritonie
9ive sise Yo gažro-injcilimaf éyaplomt, Lkin 3alhal,
Ay
Puicdips a Pongue, efc.
feont alliqens
t infeauis (injoefatle rporafions & incecf) can Couie
adles h an insdviduaf.
Myuuproul ouyecan allx geus oe
feeling Skh.
ensralily eicetlen injecffon tautes apy , to thaf
piuyeiciane ahe uliag cephalei exin e k den-diyetlodic
Ppaafoneni illin.
Contaeut allengn
by gutfu ceact
Alate alegeni prtolueef ollgie Sheacfi'ons afhen cheaco
ondoncet /choauieali ke paitont k
Puchau t',

Page 39 of 51
neia allognd
7 n plit, alongy it taefed y he uion-0hganinat, uau
Caute /teadt fo nfefieut direate.
kocfenfo, Araulds,
Caithed y Rýctobet ike
-
ufeetion tt
pofopoa, Viaus , efc.
allenenA-
allerpeut,
ure pe o allhrgont ase dajlas to afecfan
hrdkmerant, Tabesert
Pataduic oiganlenu ik
Hhncaduent, damatohjfet,efc. tho on caute allergic
ponte & cAuafe dtease.
&auples dr nalusa alvyen

O Arnica
yasnpnns- Maain fokacco
Bfo. dawhte- nica nuontan
faniy Cospofa e
deeguteapene lac/ones AslicA ase onuijlmer
aConains
alal allngenet.
Use uf w tua un Kpmu, bruires k un waundi.

Page 40 of 51
Aspaa2uul
efeinali/ApaAa jeut sacenuaief
Aspatageu!
k Ce-
fauly- .ia cea e /Aspaonafa ceae
canauut osparagu , ttui fean flal may te acf a
alegerus
osu te - NaNcise u
ceae .
pseudonahtustu
.famlAnaayllida
Use -
l ar an otnunlal fnoe, l olut wd n
Pepune nuauujncfuru
80. ae- Allfurn aivum

faaily iatea e ee aif at atlenpen
cenam allein fhal Can
inkgo
ouhce-iukgo vilsla
foid- junlgoa ceae .

en
9alic aid at aa allerg
taua nk

Page 41 of 51
# Masne. drugs
defani iom- Ahe drugs shich ae objaine4 fran makue
6tgani at ate Called al Marnt druugs
covehtd ]l stafer bediet.

- Majet pa alh it rom Marine
She kisaelve Canspoundt ane alto sbfaued
Preafhunf o- ay diteates
lora fauna uid fhe
Masune- slaling to dea.
plant Jife preten un a palcular 3apion.
Flota the
fauuna Aafua ie
ce
Nove medicinalages rov MOkue asouh
meaut Sonuetiing neuo

neve uedrcinal ageufs ushích a blfained frm
he
MaRne Satthces aiue as
(6lloos
Culah ageuls
(aj lanelio vat
Anti-Cancek a
b) agonE/tanpaud
(C) Arti- vátal
Artmionebial aqends
d
e) Anti- patasific aqfs
Spatmadic agen
Atf
gAnti-dinflanunualany aa

Page 42 of 51
a) Cardrovaiuula
ageus
qa ae ulc to tseal hea
hese ae fhe tugs
dsendeat.
Exaaplei
akfained fom Matine alaae
kasuune-ut
Lauinaia angrutata .
preuides kypeteutive feejs.

f
Cetopaun.e- it a sljaued frem-Ocloput vulgarik
Octeptul MaCRopul
exhibte adheagic ee k alo prouide
) aitox- pedutes kypoteutive efeef.
(b A-cancet agens uwed n he hrealinu

o
ake the dsugs aelicl ahe
Ae
Canteh.
Exauples
Ara-C - Used un the trealuus deckemia
N
H
H
(Ara-C

Page 43 of 51
) Cratu aceale - Dt u sljaiued em Carihhean 2o'gerias
poryet Niptafet peciee.

Niphatesue D -
o6faiue4r
NH2
Me
(Niplafeletue -D)
CAnti- vral agn s te ase lhe ageue shick ae uied

eates.
the treáfane oviraldi
Exanplel
u Ara-A t séawed frem uarine spenge letya ypta
(Ara-A
Ho
KAaniue spong.e.s
enaistomin ii sb/atned fron
Eudi's toma oliva Ce um
HO
Br
NH
Endis tonuin)

Page 44 of 51
) Ava Aann t oéfaintd om drsidea avaia

- Ahey are havng anff-HEV acHut.
nuicabfal aguys. Ahete ae lhe ageuf, olich ae

Gti- use in Hhe trealhnn o
rehheut
diseales Cauted by otkobe s.
Exanuple
ephasponiun acemcniun.
Ceplala4pen-C- eolofed oungut
Co Me
N ,0Co
H,o CCH (o COHN
NH2 (Cephaletperut -C)
HalerLn A,B &C Cbfaued som Sea CuCtunabes.

Sficlopul fabenicu.
-
a an au-fungal CaunpRund.
eArhi-pakadiic cannpauuds ue oa the ageui, thaj ae

use to kill pahaiufek k to cute
para&ihc disides
Exanples
cbfaiaed frem auf algac
K-kainic atd- t t -
igenia inup lex
haung MAAt,
uie agaun
tape. osit,
+t

Page 45 of 51
domai ai obfained
m Cherndia aknala
t pocse aqhalarnhc acthut.

COOH
Cz
lLOOH Me A C
ACoOH
CooH
HC
CooH
(Aenusic acid)
kaunic acid)
u Kaunine
iBenganide F.
Ahese are -fka Subcjasret sdich
Anti- Shatnadic ageule
ae uicd to trea paim.
Exanubler
Teado toxin - t sejained fren ioct k
ovas
o
Ple a.
Agelasidne
Anki- nflanualsry agus Al are wed to teca
inftanuaffon.
Exanplef-
Manoalide- t ii
- shmo
okfained fom Lutasiella vasia bajís
aalgeeic
us ebjaned
anff-iuflanunafo* e
rom Flushra foliacea e
.
.
Flustmnine A h B- Dt
-
I kaving nuuele nelakan acfon

Page 46 of 51
HALLUCINOGENS
Definition:
Hallucinogens are natural and synthetic psychoactive substances, when ingested causes
Hallucination (alter one's state of consciousness).
Psychotropic substances acts on the nervous system that affects/ changes temporary mental
processes and behaviour.
Hallucination:
Hallucinations are sensations that appear to be real but are created within the mind.
Example: - Seeing things that are not there
Hearing voices or other sounds
Experiencing body's sensations like crawling fecling on the skin
Smelling odor that are not real.
How Hallucinogens work:

Hallucinogens can be used in many different ways. An individual can take it in a pill form,
smoke it, eat it, or drink it.
Once the hallucinogen gets inside the body, hallucinogen affects neurotransmitter Serotonin.
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps control functions such as behavior, mood and
perception.
A hallucinogen can lasts little as 30 minutes and as long as 4 hours.
Applications of Hallucinogens:
In the treatment of mental illness.
Withdrawal of alcoholism and addiction of drugs.

Page 47 of 51
. Natural Hallucinogens:
Some examples of natural hallucinogens are:
1. Nutmeg:
Biological source: It consists of dried seeds of Myristica fragrans.
.Family: Myristicaceae
On administering more than 1 teaspoonful of nutmeg via oral route hallucination occurs.
It contains myristicin that causes hallucination.
2. Belladonna:
Biological source: Atropa belladonna
.Family: Solanaceae
It contains scopolamine which is a psychoactive substance.
Constituents: Atropine, Scopolamine, Atropamine, Belladonnine, Hyoscine.
.Medicinal Uses: It is as diuretic, sedative, antispasmodic, and mydriatics (dialiting the
pupil).
3. Datura:
Biological source: Datura metel
Family: Solanaceae.
It contains scopolamine which is a psychoactive substance and shows hallucination effect.
Constituents: Atropine, scopoletin, scopolamine.
Medicinal uses: It is used as antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchodilator,
hallucinogenic, hypnotic and mydriatic.
4. Fennel:
Biological source: Foeniculum vulgare
Family: Umbelliferae
Constituents: It contains fenchone, anethole, camphene etec.
Medicinal uses: The plant is analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, aromatic,
carminative, diuretic, expectorant, hallucinogenic, laxative, stimulant and stomachic.
5. Cannabis:
Biological source: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica
Family: Cannabaceae
Constituents: cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabigerol, terpenoids, etc.
.This constituents exhibits euphoric (feeling of pleasure, excitement and happiness) activity.

Page 48 of 51
Medicinal uses: The use of Cannabis as a mind-altering drug (Hallucinogen), used to reduce
nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, to improve appetite in people with HIIV/AIDS,
and to treat chronic pain and muscle spasms.
6. Pevote: Spineless cactus

Biological source: Lophophora williamsii
Family: Cactaceae
Constituents: Mescaline, Peyocactin
Medicinal uses:
Mescaline is a hallucinogenic drug.
Used to treat toothache, pain in childbirth, fever, breast pain, skin
diseases, rheumatism, diabetes, colds, and blindness.
7. Hyoseyamus: Henbane
Biological source: Hyoscyamus niger
Family: Solanaceae
Constituents: Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine
Medicinal uses: Produce hallucinations, dilated pupils, restlessness, increases BP and
flushed skin.

Page 49 of 51
TEROTOGENS
Definition:
The teratogens are the chemical, physical, or biologic agents which on exposure to the
pregnant mother may cause birth defects to the developing fetus or developmental
abnormalities.
e.g. Alcohol, Nicotine, Mercury, Phenytoin, Radiation, etc.
o Teratogenesis: The formation of an abnormal embryo.
o Teratology: Study of abnormal development in embryos and the causes of birth defects.
Natural Teratogens: These drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy-

1. Tobacco:
Biological source: Nicotiana tobacum
Family: Solanaceae
Constituents: Nicotine, Nor- nicotine, Nicotianine
Nicotine
CH
Uses: Shows CNS stimulant effect, used as an insecticide, used in preparation of cigarette
(Cigaratte smoking during pregnancy may raise the cause of teratogenesis).
2. Coca
(Cocaine produces teratogenic effect on fetus)
Biological source: Erythroxylum coca
. Family: Erythroxylaceae
Constituents: Cocaine (Teratogen), a & ß truxilline, ecognine.
CH2 CH CH-C-0-CH
CH-N ÇH-0-
CH2 CH -CH2
Cocaine

Page 50 of 51
Uses: It shows CNS stimulant effect, coca extract is used for stimulant stomach, treating
asthma, etc.
3. Marijuana: Cannabis/ Hemp.

(Growth retardation and malformations are reported after marijuana use during
pregnancy)
Biological source: Cannabis sativa
Family: Cannabaccae
Constituents: Cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabinol
QH
CH
H OH
HO
H,C
HO CHs
Cannabidiol (CBD) Cannabigerol
HC OH
CH3
HaC CH3
Cannabinol
Uses:
Produces hallucination effect.

Cannabis can be used to reduce nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy.
To improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS.
To treat chronic pain and muscle spasms.
4. Ergotamine: It is a natural alkaloid obtained from ergot fungus.

Biological source: Claviceps purpurea
Family: Clavicipitaceae
Uses: Used to treat migraine and headache.
5. Asparagus: Shatavari
Biological source: Asparagus racemosus
. Family: Asparagaceae

Page 51 of 51
Constituents: It contains Asparagine, resin, tannin, flavonoids, etc.

Uses: In the treatment of joint pain (Rheumatism), Constipation, to prevent stones in
kidney and bladder.
6. Vinca: Sadabahar, Sadaphuli

Biological source: Cantharanthus roseus
Family: Apocynaceae
Constituents: it contains Vincristine, Vinblastine, etc.
Uses: In the therapy of Cancer.
7. Colchicum
Biological source: It constitutes of dried ripe seeds of Colchicum luteum.
Family: Liliaceae
Constituents: Colchicine, demecolcine, colchicoside, starch, gum, tannin, etc.
Uses: In the treatment of Gout and Cancer
Prepared by:
Ms. Garima Sahu
(Asst. Professor)
School of Pharmacyy
BIT- Meerut


Unit 5 Pharmacognosy 4th Semester

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Page 1 of 51

CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING

Website For Notes & More :- www.carewellpharma.in

ue,flax, Banana, Catfon

Syillefic kibeu Nyle, Teylene, cilo

O Fibers wden rcaled afl Mslutke Juaga giet viee toloce.

Fibent do nel proderee ed Colatth slen bat/ed h ntfsne

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eo. Mauhte -Hei Besga n Assam

Bfo. aukce it a peicycheer otjalued fren

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y dieefy ya7hatiped on plail: ashick ase sulel

hy ake ivelcd un grnoll k developnuen

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geo. dosr te - hda, i Losuka ,

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.Collecliom & prepaxalon

FoR celle c)ung qun 6-8 ycat ald reer ae phefesre

fem al he Jnve oaufer (uevencber)

he gu exudafes aftes 6- oeck

This blea cket the gum Jerut n oite tolo

Uses- Use at a euliying agea

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Aqar it evalualed by ckenuical teeft

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bleached by he expeiuhe iu the unlghf

auucifagen.atut aisil foraned whfch ut

o, they ate Cielfe unjo hasi nuake thenm ufo ips

daly, ay ate die un knuga, seuov.hg marijuhe

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Syonyud- qu ayatanfh, Anfina (hndi).

Faly layununo iae .

6qun exudes autt h drsed

depending an fht typeo šuiciant, chape ot le pn

Phite 9ums wche callecfea k packed.

Macrarceica Celocek- Ashife , sligkf yeltenuo

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Evalua'o- Traga cauh dol"f iadine dal

Pret exaon Trapatah ut StoRedu a oel dosed a

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Neud Zealand, lalfoinfa Afica in ndia.

he gyu úerfate pretei n Hle kaliva obee

e the. hsny CBb k dupait

cunedugar pru en tn the hsuay ceab u!

Aafer uelo rom 7hit ey euapakafon

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At Hut fage he hanay

he hney CoRube ase (alleeled

Macat coica yullno

it i alte having aufiseie profesfy.

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Evafualon. 2ml aguesut ol" d loney + TeAleng 'of

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Role ot_proeu un plae

repata Bsue aken as aouo nálesia

rae uateakaf nit then kuated

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u uid elfaued evotostafed

he Concere qla7uu ut dpreaded su ptatt Pray

Macntcpfo Colau- Yelno