COMPUTER SCIENCE

01

` Animation

Extrapolate and explore the relevance

Of Animation with current trends.

Specific Objectives

1. Identify the various animations tools;

2. Discuss the relevance of the course such as the history and latest trends
of animation.
3. Understand and draw an object that shows optical illusions;

Materials

 Computer either desktop or laptop

 Animation and Multimedia book
 Internet

Lesson

Animation is a broad term and as a matter of fact there are many

definitions of animations. The most common source is from the web site
Dictionary.com, which states:

“A motion picture made by photographing successive positions of

inanimate objects same as puppets or mechanical parts”,

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 and from Merriam Webster Online;

“Animation is animated cartoon, a motion picture made from a series of

drawings simulating motion by means of slight progressive changes”,

A more technical and broader definition from Wikipedia which states

that;

“It is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or

model positions in order to create an illusion of movement. It is an
optical illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of persistence of vision,
and can be created and demonstrated in a number of ways.”

Persistence of visions the phenomenon by

which the eye retains a vision for about
one-twenty fifth (1/25) of a second thereby
creating the illusion of motion for related
images shown to it.

Optical Illusion

History of Animation
Since the beginning of time it is the desire of man to convey and illustrate
motion in their drawings. The early cave paintings of animals with multiple legs
with superimposed position, the Egyptian mural of wrestles in sequence of
action and even Leonardo da Vinci’s anatomical studies show detailed
drawings of supposed motion. Although, these works could not be considered
as animation in the modern sense but they indicate the desire of the artist to
depict motion.

Animation Tools
Animation tools are still being used today to illustrate early concepts of
animation but were once toys for children for entertainment and amusement.

Zoetrope- was said to be invented in China 180 AD by

Ting Huan which was made from translucent paper
panels painted with sequences of actions which when
turned, a right speed would appear to move.

 Thaumatrope-was a toy of the

Victorian
Zoetrope era which was a circular disk with two images on
each side and its center is tied to a string so that when it is

Thaumatrope
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 turned quickly the images would seen to appear to be combined into
one image.

 Phenakistoscope –invented in 1831 simultaneously by Austrian Simon

won Stampfer and BelgianJoseph Plateau was a technique created
before the creation of the cartoon based pictures.
Phenakistoscopeincluded simple drawings moving simultaneously
giving the effect of animation. With this method a person could create a
variety of animated characters.

 Flip book-was patented in 1868 by John

Linnet. It is essentially a series of
sequential pictures which when flipped
at high speed creates an illusion of
motion.

Flip book

 Praxinoscope-is a more complicated version of zoetrope invented by

Charles-Emile Reynaud which included steady mirrors inside. A cylinder
to improve the quality of image for a clearer
animation. Charles eventually created the first
animated film in Paris, France in 1892.

 Magic Lantern- is considered as the

classic projector which uses a simple lamp and
translucent oil painting which projects larger
image on a flat surface.
Magic Lantern

However, these animation tools disappeared towards the end of twenty first
century. New methods were introduced which resulted in the advancement of
cartoon-based pictures. Gradually animation advanced to greater heights and
now several professional fields use the above tools and techniques to impart
knowledge or express ideas.

Today’s Animation
A. Traditional Animation-was accomplished using hand-drawn sequence of
images which were slightly different from one another then photocopied
onto acetate sheets called cells.
 Full animation- movies created using
traditional animation are the movies
Beauty and the Beast, Iron Giant,
Aladdin and Lion King.
 Limited animation- is a technique that
used less sophisticated and detailed
drawings for animation the most
popular example is SpongeBob
Squarepants.
 Live-action and animation- is a technique used in the movies
Space Jam and Who Framed Roger Rabbit?

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 B. Stop Motionis an animation technique wherein objects are photograph
one frame at a time by changing its location or action close to the
previous one or small increments and their played sequentially to create
C. Computer Animation or (CGI) Computer generated imagery animation is
the technique of creating animation or moving images with the use of
computer.

Computer animation has a wide variety of technique to which animation is

accomplished. Today, we categorized computer animation as 2D and 3D
animation. 2D animations are usually utilized for image manipulation to
create motion whereas 3D is usually applied to virtual world such as those
created in the movies Avatar and Beowulf. 3D animation involves the desire to
create places, animals and people as close to real life as possible.
The following terms would be encountered when one is involved in 3D
animation.

 Motion Capture, is used to generate

computer generated characters by
recording live actions artists wearing suits
that allows computer image
manipulation to create another character
such as the case in Avatar.
 Photo Realistic Animation, is a term used
for computer animation that tries to
resemble life skin, plants, animals, sceneries and others such as those
used in movies Kung Fu Panda and Ice Age.
 Cel-shaded Animations used to emulate the classic cel technique using
computers for 3D environment and action for characters. The method
was used to create the movies like The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker.

Flash Animation
Flash animation is created using Adobe Flash or other similar programs to
create images in .swf format. Flash usually uses vector graphics and
drawings to create animation resulting in a cleared animation. Flash is
utilized mostly for animation distribution on the World Wide Web.

Animation Trends
A basic challenge to traditional definitions of animation is the appearance
of new technological procedures that do not contain this compulsive aspect.
Computer driven interactive real time displays of created imagery seen like
animation to the average user of such media but, will the traditional
animation community allow inclusion of such production methods? With
the future digitalization of all media, all forms of production will use
animation as anything else.

Award-winning graphic film techniques have gained worldwide attention

and recognition for special effects and animation.

 Computer applications and video game designs

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  Businesses
 Web design
 Futuristic design
 Health care providers
 Educators
 Artists
 Photographers
 Commercial advertising
 Cellular phones and mobile devices

Animation in the Future

The future of animation tends to be towards animation of humans and

on the other side the creation of computer graphics that looks like hand-drawn
animation known as non-photorealistic rendering and cel-shading. Cel
shading is meant to resemble that of comic books and cartoons.

Activity 1
Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer.

Column A Column B

______1.This was made in China by Ting Huan. A. Flash Animation

______2. It was a toy of the Victorean Era. B. Animation
______3. It was accomplished using hand-drawn C. 2D
sequence of images. D. Photo Realistic
______4. It was a technique created before the Animation
creation of the cartoon based pictures.
E. Flip book
______5. This was patented in 1868 by John Linnet.
______6. It is a more complicated version of Zoetrope F. Motion capture
Invented by Charles-Emile Reynaud. G. 3D
______7.It is considered as the classic projector. H. Computer
______8.It is used for computer animation that generated imagery
tries to resemble life skin, plants, animals animation (CGI)
and sceneries. I. Magic lantern
_____9. It is used to create computer generated
J. Zoetrope
characters by recording live action artist
wearing suits. K. Traditional
_____10.This is an animation technique wherein Animation
objects are photographed one frame L. Cel-shaded
at a time by changing its location or Animation
action M. Praxinoscope
_____11.It is the technique of creating animation N. Thaumattrope
or moving images with the use of computers
O. Phenakistoscope
_____12.This is usually utilized for image manipulation
to create motion. P. Stop motion
_____13. It involves the desire to create place, animals
and people as close to real life.
_____14. This is created using Adobe Flash to create
images in .swf format.
_____15. Is is used to emulate the classic cel technique

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 using computers for 3D environment and action.

Exercises
Exercise A
Worked Example 1/Exercise1

Optical Illusion:
1. Draw any image that shows optical illusions. (10 pts.)
2. Describe it in 3-6 sentences.

Optical Illusion example

Exercise B
Worked Example 2/Exercise 2

Example of Animation Tool

Zoetrope- was invented in China 180 AD by Ting Huan which was made
from translucent paper panels painted with sequences of action which
when turned, a right speed would appear to move.

Exercises
Directions: Answer the following activities. Follow the instructions.

A. Activity 1

Instructions: Draw any object that shows optical illusion. Explain your
drawing in 3-5 sentences.

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 B. Activity 2

Instruction: Explain the various animation tools.

1. Thaumatrope-

2. Phenakistoscope

3. Flip book-

4. Praxinoscope-

5. Magic Lantern-

Closure

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A. Please check the box if you can do it already.

 I can identify the various animation tools.

 I can discuss the history and latest trends of animations.
 I can draw and explain the optical illusions.

B. If you have questions in mind, please use the space below to address it.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

References

Jemima Development Group, Animation and Multimedia, Animation,

Philippines, Jemima Inc, 2010