EQUATIONS OF CHAPTER # 3

A) REACTION WITH HALOGENS:

i) 2M + X2 =====> 2MX (Where M represents elements of Group-IA)

ii) M’ + X2 =====> MX2 (Where M’ represents elements of Group-IIA)

B) REACTION WITH HYDROGEN:

i) 2M + H2 =====> 2MH (Where M represents elements of Group-IA)

ii) M’ + H2 =====> MH2 (Where M’ represents elements of Group-IIA)

C) REACTION WITH NITROGEN:

6M + N2 =====> 2M3N2 (Where M represents elements of Group-IA)

3M’ + N2 =====> M3N2 (Where M’ represents elements of Group-IIA)

D) REACTION WITH OXYGEN:

i) 4Li + O2 =====> 2Li2O

ii) 2Na + O2 =====> Na2O2

iii) M + O2 =====> MO2 (Superoxide M = K, Rb, Cs)

iv) 2M’ + O2 =====> 2M’O (M’ = Be, Mg, Ca)

v) M” + O2 =====> M”O2 (Peroxides M” = Sr, Ba)

E) REACTION WITH WATER:

i) 2M + 2H2O =====> 2MOH + H2 (Where M represents elements of Group-IA)

ii) M’ + H2O =====> M(OH)2 + H2 (Where M represents elements of Group-IIA)

iii) Condition: Boil

Mg + 2H2O =====> Mg(OH)2 + H2

F) THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS:

i) MgCO3 =====> MgO + CO2

ii) MgO + C + Cl2 =====> MgCl2 + CO

iii) MgCl2 + Ca(OH)2 =====> Mg(OH)2 + CaCl2

G) SODIUM CHLORIDE:

i) CaCl2 + Na2CO3 =====> CaCO3 + 2NaCl

ii) MgCl2 + 2NaOH =====> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl

H) SODIUM CARBONATE:

i) 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O =====> (NH4)2CO3

ii) (NH4)2CO3 + CO2 + H2O =====> 2NH4HCO3

iii) NaCl + NH4HCO3 =====> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl

iv) 2NaHCO3 =====> Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

v) CaCO3 =====> CaO + CO2

vi) CaO + H2O =====> Ca(OH)2

vii) 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 =====> CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3

viii) Na2CO3 + SiO2 =====> Na2SiO3 + CO2

ix) Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 =====> 2NaHCO3

I) CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE:

i) NaOH + HCl =====> NaCl + H2O

ii) NaOH + NH4Cl =====> NaCl + NH4OH

iii) NH4OH =====> NH3 + H2O

iv) FeCl3 + 3NaOH =====> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

v) Zn2+ + 2OH- =====> Zn(OH)2

Zn(OH)2 + 2OH- =====> [Zn(OH)4]-2[Tetrahydroxo-Zincate(II) ion]

J) MAGNESIUM SULPHATE:

i) Mg + H2SO4 =====> MgSO4 + H2

ii) MgO + H2SO4 =====> MgSO4 + H2O

iii) Mg(OH)2 + H2SO4 =====> MgSO4 + 2H2O

iv) MgCO3 + H2SO4 =====> MgSO4 + H2O + CO2

K) CALCIUM SULPHATE:

i) Condition: 100oC

2CaSO4.2H2O ======> (CaSO4)2.H2O + 3H2O

L) BLEACHING POWDER:

i) Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 =====> CaOCl2 + H2O

ii) CaOCl2 + H2O =====> Ca(OH)2 +Cl2

iii) CaOCl2 + 2HCl =====> CaCl2 + H2O + Cl2

iv) 2CaOCl2 + CO2 + H2O =====> CaCO3 + CaCl2 + 2HOCl