The Factors Affecting Absenteeism of Students of Selected Gas Students of Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences 1

Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences
M.L Quezon Ext. Brgy, Dalig, Antipolo City

Senior High School
FACTORS AFFECTING ABSENTEEISM OF SELECTED

GAS STUDENTS OF SUMULONG COLLEGE
OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
A.Y 2019-2020
An UndergraduateResearch
Presented to the Senior High
School Faculty of SumulongCollege of
Arts and Sciences
Antipolo City
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for
Practical Research 1
Researchers:
Avendaño, Krisha Mae

Bancifra, Renlyn
Edora, Patricia kim
Pacaña, Reggie
Zapanta, Elaiza
October 2019
Senior High School
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the
problem, scope and delimitation, significance of the study, definition of terms,
theoretical framework, conceptual framework and conceptual paradigm.
Background of the Study
According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, absenteeism is "chronic
absence." In the context of school, it is the student habitual or intentional failure
to attend school. While every student may miss some school activities now and
then, absence becomes a problem when the student is away from school for
many days. For a student going to school regularly is crucially important for their
education and social skills to improve their knowledge and academic
performance to take a passing grade in their card. Chronically absent students
are have disadvantage both socially and academically because they miss out on
critical stages of social interaction and development with their peers, and limiting
their academic progress. This can result in decreasing their grades, low self-
confidence, and dissatisfaction that could well have precipitated non-attendance
in the first place.

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School absenteeism is an alarming problem for administrators, teachers,
parents, society in general, and pupils in particular. Unaccepted absences have a
negative effect on peer relationships, which can cause further absences.
According to Malcolm, Wilson, Davidson and Kirk (2003) teachers identified the
effects of absenteeism on children as academic under-achievement, difficulty in
making friends which could lead to boredom and loss of confidence, prolonged
absence can have bad effects for the child in later life, students who are absent
from school are at the greatest risk of dropping out of school early. Absenteeism
also affects the teacher’s ability to present classwork in a sequential and
organized way. This can have an effect on the progress of all the students in the
class.Families of habitually absent students can also suffer. For a poverty-
stricken family, it may mean a continuation of the poverty andunemployment
cycle that may run in the family this also contributes to family conflicts that why
we ourresearch about this problem.
It is the aim of every school to lessen, if not eradicate, absenteeism
among its students. One way of addressing this problem is to determined the
factors of absenteeism to understood, and analyzed, these issues and may be
addressed with specific actions and measures. This will eventually result in the
better performance of the students, teachers, and the school in general.

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It is in this context that this action research was under taken that is to
determined what is the factors affecting of selected GAS students of
SumulongCollege of Arts and Sciences Academic Year 2019-2020.
Statement of the Problem
This study attempts to determine the factors affecting absenteeism of
selected GAS students of SumulongCollege of Arts and Sciences Academic Year
2019-2020.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
2. What are the factors that affect the absenteeism of selected GAS students?
3. How are the effects of absenteeism to the selected GAS students in terms of:
3.1 Personal factors
3. 2 Social factors
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Scope and Delimitation
This study focuses in the information affecting absenteeism of selected
GAS students of Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences A.Y 2019-2020. The
purpose of this study is to know the causes and effects of absenteeism to a
students to give an validity opinion on how this problem can be solved. The
information needed will be gathered using the checklist style research-made
questionnaire. This will perform in SumulongCollege of Arts and Sciences
building M.L Quezon Ext. Brgy, Dalig, Antipolo City. This study was only limited
to the selected GAS students.
Significance of the Study
This study is conducted to provide its benefits and effectiveness that it can
give to the following:
Students. This study will help the students develop their interest in going to
school and appreciate the importance of Education in their daily life.
Teachers. This study will have a good impactto the teacher’s ability to teaching
or presenting classwork in aorganized way.
Parents. Who are directly concerned with the education of their children
considering school performance in different discipline.

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School Administrators. The result of this study could serve as a baseline data
to improve programs for school advancement.
Guidance Councilor. This study will help develop the guidance program in line
with individual needs and abilities of the students.
Future Researcher. The result of this study can serve as basis for further study
on determined the factors of absenteeism and make a final resolution for this
problem in the future.
Definition of Terms
For better clarification and understanding of the terms related to this study,
the following terms are defined conceptually and operationally:
Interest. This refers to the amount of the students "dislike or like of particular
things.
Low academic performance.It is the weakness of the students mark under
normal average.
Poor Interaction or social skills.It refers to low communication skills that
students is not allowed to interact.

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Social skills.It refers to communication skills that allow people to interact.
Study Habits. This refers to usual form of action of a person in studying.
Theoretical Framework
According to Maslow(2016) the term generally used to pass on to rash
employee absences from the workplace. Many causes of absenteeism are legal
personal illness or family issues for example but absenteeism also can often be
traced to other factors such as a reduced work environment or workers who are
not devoted to their jobs. If such absences become extreme they can have a
critically adverse crash on a business’s operations and finally its success.
Teasy(2004) stated that absenteeism is the unwillingness of the students
to attend their class.
Furnham(2003) stated that students that cannot attend their classes can
lead to low academic performance.
According toSabine A. Geurts, Wilmar B. Schaufeli and Christel G. Ruttein
this field study a preliminary social exchange model was proposed that related
perceived inequity in the employment relationship to subsequent absenteeism
and turnover intention. From an equity perspective, it was hypothesized that
absenteeism and turnover intention are indirectly related to perceived inequity in

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the exchange relationship with the organization, mediated by feelings of
resentment and poor organizational commitment. By employing covariance
structure modelling, the model wascommitment, which was, in turn, partially
triggered by feelings of resentment that were associated with perceived inequity.
In contrast, there was a strong direct link between inequity in the employment
relationship and absenteeism, not mediated by resentment and poor
organizational commitment. It was concluded that absenteeism and turnover
intention can both be considered to be withdrawal reactions to perceived
inequity, but that the two reactions differ in their underlying dynamics. The
implications of these findings were discussed.
Conceptual Framework
Frame 1: Indicates the input in which include the profiles of the respondents and
the factors affecting absenteeism.
Frame 2: It contains the process which includes surveys, data gathering, data
analysis, and data interpretation.
Frame 3: Indicates the output in which includes determining the factors affecting
the absenteeism of selected GAS Student in SumulongColleges of Arts and
Sciences (S.Y. 2019-2020).

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CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Profile of the  Survey To determine

Respondents the factors
 Age  Data Gathering affecting
 Sex absenteeism
 Data Analysis of selected
 The factors GAS student
affecting  Data of Sumulong
absenteeism Interpretation College of
of selected Arts and
GAS Sciences
students Academic
 Personal Year 2019-
factors 2020.
 Social
factors
FEEDBACK
Figure 1
FACTORS AFFECTING ABSENTEEISM OF SELECTED
GAS STUDENTS OF SUMULONG COLLEGE
OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
A.Y 2019-2020
Senior High School
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related foreign literature, local literature, foreign
studies, local studies and synthesis.
Foreign Literature
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, (2012) this paper presents
significant relationships between employees who have attended wellness
program and those who have not attended wellness program with employees’ job
satisfaction, stress and absenteeism. This study was conducted at a major
telecommunication company in Malaysia. 125 employees of the company were
selected as respondents of this study by using simple random sampling. In
addition, 63 of these respondents had attended the wellness programs whereas
the other 62 had not attended the programs provided by the company. A survey
questionnaire was used for data collection. The research hypotheses were tested
using T-test. The findings revealed that higher job satisfaction were found in the
respondents who have attended wellness program than the respondents who
have not attended wellness program. The findings also showed that lower
employees’ perceived stress was found among the respondents who have
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attended wellness program than those who have not attended wellness program;
and lower employees’ absenteeism was found in the respondents who have
attended wellness program than the respondents who have not attended
wellness program. As a conclusion, corporate wellness program is important in
promoting employees to be concerned about their health status, possibility of
having sickness, and tailored treatment for their health. The challenge now is to
inculcate this activity as a culture within the employees so that they would have a
positive perception towards wellness programs.
According to the Center for Comprehensive School Reform and
Improvement, attendance rates effectively predicted whether a student would
fail a course or not, and surprisingly, attendance rate trumped grade point
averages in predicting whether a student would fail a class or not. In other words,
a student could perform very highly academically, but would likely still fail if he
missed too much class. Additionally, the more a student missed school over the
course of several subsequent years of school, themore his GPA declined and the
further behind he became in all subjects.
Local Literature
Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 2016 study aims
to determine the effects of absenteeism among fourth year high school students
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to learning performance. Specifically it sought to know the common causes and
effects of absenteeism and to determine the relationship between absenteeism,
learning performance and school performance among fourth year high school
students in one Public High School, Batangas City, Philippines. The descriptive
method utilizing the survey approach was used in this study. The study
concluded that respondents believe that self- inquiry is the main reason for
students’ absences in class. Respondents likewise agree that absenteeism
results to poor students’ individual learning performance and school
performance. It was further concluded that there is a significant relationship
between the absenteeism and students’ individual learning performance and
school performance.
The study showed that being absent for three days in a month strongly
correlates with poor performance. As educators, it is important to know the
threshold. Drawing policies on school intervention regarding absenteeism
requires guiding information on where to draw the line. Policies cannot be simply
drawn out of thin air. Three days in a month, that number, a result of research, is
a useful guide for teachers and school administrators. The study as described by
the article is only an initial analysis of the data.(De deos,2010)

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Foreign Studies
(Construction Research Congress, 2016) the Indian construction sector
contributes about 10% to nation’s GDP and employs approximately 35 million
people. The construction projects in India are facing key challenges such as time
and cost overruns, low-productivity and lack of skilled labor. The major portion of
the industry’s workforce consists of transient or migrant workers. Studies in other
countries have shown that absenteeism and turnover of workers leads to
increased labor costs and decreased productivity. The socio-economic situation
in India is very different from the countries where studies were reported earlier.
The present study aims to address the issue of absenteeism and turnover of
migrant workers in the Indian construction industry. Interviews with the project
managers and labor sub-contractors were conducted to ascertain the causes for
high absenteeism and turnover of workers in 15 construction projects in India.
The projects were geographically distributed from six different states of India
including Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Pondicherry, and Tamil Nadu.
Findings of the study indicate that illness, injury, lack of basic facilities, and
payment delays are the significant factors contributing to absenteeism and
turnover of workers. Strategies and best practices recommended from this study
will help project managers and field managers to better manage migrant workers,
and improve project performance.

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International Journal of Instruction,2016 the aim of the study is to
investigate the causes of student absenteeism and school dropouts at primary,
secondary and high school level in Düzce Province and to develop suggestions
for solving these problems. A "case study" design, which is one of the qualitative
research approaches, was used in this study. The study group consisted of 64
school principals working at primary, secondary and high schools in the province
center and districts of Düzce. A semi-structured interview form consisting of nine
questions was used as the data collection tool. The collected data was analyzed
by content analysis method. 15 main themes were formed under five categories.
Certain suggestions were developed based on the findings obtained as the result
of the study.
Local Studies
IZA Journal of Labor Economics, (2014) efficiency wages theories
argue that the threat of firing, coupled with a high unemployment rate, is a
mechanism that discourages employee shirking in asymmetric information
contexts. Our empirical analysis aims to test the role of unemployment as a
worker discipline device, considering the different degree of job security offered
by the Italian Employment Protection Legislation to workers employed in small
and large firms. Controlling for a number of individual and firm characteristics, we
investigate the relationship between worker’s absences which act as a proxy for
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employee shirking and local unemployment rate (at the provincial level). We find
a strong negative association between unemployment and absenteeism rate,
larger in magnitude in small firms due presumably to a significantly lower
protection from dismissals in these firms. As an indirect test of the role of
unemployment as worker discipline device, we show that public sector
employees, almost impossible to fire, do not react to the local unemployment.
High rates of unexcused absences have been linked to “school
disengagement” and lower academic achievement. (Gottfried, 2009) students
with high number of unexcused absences might be less motivated and supported
at home then a students with an equal number of exceed ones :Therefore the
reasons for school institutions absences are related to the extent to which
students learn.
Synthesis
As a synthesis of the literature review, we can conclude that the rate of
absenteeism among students is currently in high percentage. Based on previous
research conducted by researchers there many major problems of the
absenteeism such as parental responsibility, in conducive studying
environmental, administration role, and lectures and so on and the interest of the
person was have a big impact to their absenteeism in our analysis base on the
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previous studies and literatures we conclude that student that have a lot of
absents have a very chances of dropping out on to school and having
absenteeism have a chances of poverty cycled.

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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, setting of the study, vicinity
map, subject of the study, sources of data, and statistical treatment.
Research Design
This section aims to discuss the kind of research design the
researchers used in this study. The researchers used the descriptive
design. Dr. Y.P. Aggarwal (2008) defined descriptive research is devoted to the
gathering of information about prevailing conditions or situations for the purpose
of description and interpretation. This type of research method is not simply
amassing and tabulating facts but includes proper analyses, interpretation,
comparisons, identification of trends and relationships.
Setting of the Study
The study was conducted in Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences
located in M.L Quezon Extension, Brgy, Dalig ,Antipolo City.
Established as part of the legacy of Antipolo'sSumulong Family, Sumulong
College of Arts and Sciences is s a private,non-sectarian school in Antipolo,
Rizal. It is named after Lorenzo S. Sumulong who is from the well-

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known Sumulong family of Antipolo City. This family is respected and recognized
for their excellent leadership style. They all carry and pass on a strong sense of
nationalism and commitment to serving the Filipino nation to their descendants.
Because education is a value to them, SCAS was born to continue the legacy of
the family. The mission of this institution is to ensure equal educational
opportunity to youth from various economic backgrounds by putting forth more
affordable and relevant academic program. This institution hopes to impart
service, excellence, integrity, and achievement. SCAS is recognized by CHED
and offers various undergraduate programs in Criminology, Business
Administration, Information Technology, and Teacher Education. The school also
has TESDA certificate programs in Bookkeeping, Hotel and Restaurant Services,
Health Care Services, and Computer Servicing. The college also has a Senior
HighSchool department with available strands from the Academic and Technical-
Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) tracks. Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences is
known for its culture of integrity, excellence, and achievement. The legacy left
behind by the Sumulong family is for the Antipolo youth to become part of this
great family legacy and expand it through their education. This college was co-
founded and is currently managed by both academicians and business leaders.

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Vicinity Map
Figure 2
Vicinity Map of Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences
Subject of the Study

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All 60 Grade 11 and 12 General Academic Strand (GAS) learners of
SumulongCollege of Arts and Sciences served as the respondents, of the study.
They were selected as the study’s respondents because GASis one of the
four strands of the Academic Track for Senior High School. Unlike the other
career-specific strands, GAS is designed for students who are not decided yet on
what course they want to take in college. In this strand, you can choose from the
electives of the different tracks such as Applied Economics, Organization and
Management, Humanities, Social Sciences, and Disaster Preparedness. Since
GAS is not focused on only one specific path, it provides you with a number of
opportunities after you graduate.
Sources of Data
The data needed for this research were extract from the student’s
response from the researcher’s made survey questionnaire checklist. It consists
of two parts: The first part contains the profile of the respondents; while the
second part specify the variables needed.

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Statistical Treatment
In analysing data gathered, the following statistical treatments were utilized:
1. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE
Specifically, it is a list of either qualitative or quantitative values that a variable
takes in a data set and the associated number of times each value occurs. The
frequency distribution is the basic building block of statistical analytical methods
and the first step in analysing survey data while the percentage is a portion of
whole expressed as a number.
2. WEIGHTED MEAN
The average that is derived the central tendency of the data in questions.
It is determined by adding all the data points in a population and then dividing by
the number of points.
The resulting number is the mean or average.
Mean formula as follows:
F x 100
P=
N
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Chapter 4
Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data
This chapter presents the presentation, interpretation and analysis of data
gathered by the researchers. This study aims to determine the factors that affect
the absenteeism of selected GAS students of Sumulong College of Arts and
Sciences. The researchers used survey questionnaire checklist that contains the
profile of the respondents and the variables needed.
Table 1shows the distribution of the respondents according to their age
Table 1
Profile of the Respondents
Age Frequency Percentage

16 19 32%
17 29 48%
18 12 20%
TOTAL 60 100%
Table 1 shows the population of 60 GAS students in terms of age.
Accordingly, 19 of the respondents are 32% of the total population and 29 of the
respondents are 48% of the total population and 12 of the respondents are 20%
of the total population.
Table 2 shows the distribution of the respondents according to their sex
Table 2
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Profile of the Respondents
Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 26 43%
Female 34 57%
Total 60 100%
Table 2 shows the population of 60 GAS students in terms of sex. Accordingly,
26 or 43% of the respondents are from the male and 34 or 57% of the
respondents are from the female. The respondents is consist of students from
Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences.
Table 3
Frequency and Percentage of the Respondents in Terms of Answers
Personal factors Agree Disagree Weighted

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Mean
F P F P
1. I’m bored when I’m in school. 16 27% 44 73% 1.73
2. I am absent because of lack of 19 32% 41 68% 1.68

financial.
3. I’m not interested in my studies. 10 17% 50 83% 1.83
4. I’m doing a lot of stuff instead of 20 33% 40 67% 1.67

attending classes.
5. I lazy to attend the class. 19 32% 41 68% 1.68
TOTAL:
Social factors Agree Disagree Weighted

Mean
F P F P
1. I always go out with my friends 18 30% 42 70% 1.7
instead of going to school.
2. My classmates always bully me in 18 30% 42 70% 1.7

school.
3. I can’t understand my teacher’s 13 22% 47 78% 1.78

lesson.
4. I don’t like my classmates. 19 32% 41 68% 1.68
5. I am having an anxiety about my 18 30% 42 70% 1.7

classmates impression towards
me.
TOTAL:
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Table 3 presents the computed weighted mean on the Grade 11 & 12
GAS students and their frequency and percentage of disagreed or agreed.
Personal factors
1. In number one, the frequency of agree is 16 with 27% and the frequency
of disagree is 44 with 73% and the total of weighted mean is 1.73.
2. In number two, the frequency of agree is 19 with 32% and the frequency
3. In number three, the frequency of agree is 10 with 17% and the frequency
4. In number four, the frequency of agree is 20 with 33% and the frequency
5. In number five, the frequency of agree is 19 with 32% and the frequency
Social factors
1. In number one, the frequency of agree is 18 with 30% and the frequency
2. In number two, the frequency of agree is 18 with 30% and the frequency
3. In number three, the frequency of agree is 13 with 22% and the frequency

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4. In number four, the frequency of agree is 19 with 32% and the frequency
5. In number five, the frequency of agree is 18 with 30% and the frequency
Chapter 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and
recommendations.
Summary of Findings
1.Profile of respondents based on Age and Sex.

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1.1 Based on their Age, Grade 11 and 12 GAS students of the Sumulong
College of Arts and Sciences aged 16 that have 19 frequency with 32%, 17 that
have 29 frequency with 48% and 18 that have 12 frequency with 20%.
1.2 According to their Sex, respondents consist of 26 males with 43% and
females consist of 34 with 57%.
2. The Factors Affecting Absenteeism of selected GAS students in terms of
personal factors and social factors.
2.1 According to the Personal factors, based in question number 4 the
respondents have low of personal factors.
2.2 According to the Social factors, based in question number 1,2 and 5
the respondents have problem or high to social factors.
3. The effects of absenteeism to the selected GAS students.
The respondents are having a lower academic performance and low of
social interaction that can cause of early drop and failed grades.
Conclusion
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Based on the summaries that have been developed, the conclusion of the
researchers are:
1. Based on the review, students who answer to the questioners prepared
by the researchers, the respondents have low agreeing and high disagreeing in
answering every questions regarding to the personal factors and social factors.
2. Researchers discovered based on the Age and Sex of students the
aged 17 is more high of frequency than 16 and 18 and the female are also high
of frequency than male.
3. Researchers determined the Grade 11&12 GAS are low of absenteeism
but there are have a chance that it can be high because of the influence of there
friends.
Recommendations
The following recommendations are forwarded the researchers:

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Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences

M.L Quezon Ext. Brgy, Dalig, Antipolo City

FACTORS AFFECTING ABSENTEEISM OF SELECTED

Presented to the Senior High

School Faculty of SumulongCollege of

Arts and Sciences

Of the Requirements for

Avendaño, Krisha Mae

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the

problem, scope and delimitation, significance of the study, definition of terms,

theoretical framework, conceptual framework and conceptual paradigm.

Background of the Study

According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, absenteeism is "chronic

absence." In the context of school, it is the student habitual or intentional failure

education and social skills to improve their knowledge and academic

performance to take a passing grade in their card. Chronically absent students

confidence, and dissatisfaction that could well have precipitated non-attendance

in the first place.

School absenteeism is an alarming problem for administrators, teachers,

parents, society in general, and pupils in particular. Unaccepted absences have a

negative effect on peer relationships, which can cause further absences.

effects of absenteeism on children as academic under-achievement, difficulty in

also affects the teacher’s ability to present classwork in a sequential and

class.Families of habitually absent students can also suffer. For a poverty-

stricken family, it may mean a continuation of the poverty andunemployment

we ourresearch about this problem.

It is the aim of every school to lessen, if not eradicate, absenteeism

factors of absenteeism to understood, and analyzed, these issues and may be

better performance of the students, teachers, and the school in general.

determined what is the factors affecting of selected GAS students of

SumulongCollege of Arts and Sciences Academic Year 2019-2020.

Statement of the Problem

This study attempts to determine the factors affecting absenteeism of

selected GAS students of SumulongCollege of Arts and Sciences Academic Year

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

3.1 Personal factors

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses in the information affecting absenteeism of selected

purpose of this study is to know the causes and effects of absenteeism to a

information needed will be gathered using the checklist style research-made

questionnaire. This will perform in SumulongCollege of Arts and Sciences

to the selected GAS students.

Significance of the Study

give to the following:

school and appreciate the importance of Education in their daily life.

or presenting classwork in aorganized way.

considering school performance in different discipline.

to improve programs for school advancement.

with individual needs and abilities of the students.

problem in the future.

the following terms are defined conceptually and operationally:

Low academic performance.It is the weakness of the students mark under

Poor Interaction or social skills.It refers to low communication skills that

students is not allowed to interact.

Social skills.It refers to communication skills that allow people to interact.

Study Habits. This refers to usual form of action of a person in studying.

According to Maslow(2016) the term generally used to pass on to rash

critically adverse crash on a business’s operations and finally its success.

Teasy(2004) stated that absenteeism is the unwillingness of the students

to attend their class.

lead to low academic performance.

According toSabine A. Geurts, Wilmar B. Schaufeli and Christel G. Ruttein