Factors That Affect The

Attendance Of Students
And Its Effect To Their
Performance:
A Correlational Study
__________________
Title
Introduction i
• Absenteeism is an act of being away from work on school
without a good reason. The students who don’t attend
regularly in schools, colleges are called absent. This
habitual act of students is called school absenteeism. It is
an alarming problem for administrator’s parents and the
society, in general, as well as for the students, in
particular. It may indicate low performance of teachers,
student’s dissatisfaction of the school’s services, or lack
of poor academic and non- academic structures or
reinforcing this behavior.
Introduction
• Jhemson C. Elis said that the cause of
absenteeism must be a family situation or an
individual problem. Then under those may be
finance concerns, disability, psychotic imbalance
poor school climate, family health, transportation
problems, drug and alcohol use, and differing
community attitude towards education.
Introduction
• Absenteeism can also viewed in context
problems of students which come in
various forms such as difficulty in math
subject, lack of motivation and study
habits, strict teachers and failed major
examination.
Introduction
• According to Bill Carlson, when a student
misses multiple days on school it is called chronic
absenteeism. Chronic absenteeism is defined as
missing 10% of the school year. Chronic
absenteeism not only affects student achievement
it can affect a student’s attitude and behavior at
school.
• When student has attendance issues,
achievement issues and behavior issues
it increases their risk dropping out of
school. Parents can improve by
working with the school to identify
why their child is the missing school.
 PARADIGM OF THE STUDY
Input Process Output
a.Students level of a. Percentage of students a. To create an
performance. level of performance.. educational brochure
b. Factors that affect the
attendance. that can promote a
b. Average weighted
mean of factors that preventive plan to
affect the attendance per minimize the cause of
student absenteeism primarily
in school.
c. Table of scores.

d. Test of relationship
between students level
of performance and
factors that affect the
attendance using Pearson
R Correlation.
.
Objectives
• To determine the demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of age, sex, family income.
• To determine the factors that affect the
attendance of the student in terms of
(a)motivation, (b)personal, familiar, social troubles,
(c)physical, (d)emotional, (e)gadgets, (f)school
culture, climate and safety.
• To determine the relationship between the factors
that affect the attendance and the academic
performance of the students.
Significance of the study

The significance of this research is to know what is the

effects of absenteeism to the performance of the
students. It’s significant is also to know what are the
factors why the students are being absent. It also aims
to know on how to motivate the students. It will alarm
the parents and the school faculties to this problem. And
lastly ,the significance of this study is to make the
students change their mind on being absent and make
them attend on school regularly.
Theoretical Framework
• In widely cited study in Philippines, with the
“School Absenteeism among High School Students:
Contributing Factors” Research from 2016, aiming
the study to examine the relationship between
personal factors (academic self-perception
attitude, towards teacher and school, motivation
and goal valuation); family characteristics
(parents’ educational level and income), student
absenteeism and academic achievement in
structural equation model.
• The results showed that the
personal factors, parents’
educational level were statistically
significant negative associated
previous absenteeism(present) and
current absenteeism(current).
Results also noticed that academic
achievement was negatively related
to present and current
absenteeism.
Hafeez 2014
• Absenteeism at higher education
level affects the learning process of the
students as well. As the final result at
the end of academic session, their
professional growth may abstruct because
of their low attendance. The role of
teachers in improving student’s
attendance in lectures cannot be denied.
• A good attendance is the most
important and direct sign of the
student’s perception of the effectiveness
and usefulness of the delivered lectures.
Teachers which are good in delivering
lectures and have good communication
skills which lift higher attendance rates
(Hafeez 2014, Indian: and achievement
2014).
• Absenteeism not only affects the
academic progress of the student, but also
influences the in-class planning of teachers
and at the same time motivations of the other
students in the class (Thornton, Darmody &
Mccoy, 2013). Societies are facing school
dropout problems
(Cabus and Witte, 2015; Carlson, 2014; Carr &
Galassi, 2012; Estevao & Alvares, 2014;
Lamote et al., 2013; Tas et al., 2013).
 Wherein dropout defined as the failure of a
student in completing the current stage, they
must have personal, social and financial
dimensions and trying to develop policies in order
to prevent or decrease this problem. Some of
studies were analyzed that the cause of school
absenteeism and school dropouts are mostly
originated from family, school and student.
(Akuzum et al., 2014; Otekin, 2013; Sari,
2013); Tas et al., 2013).
Theoretical Framework

• According to Nalia Khalid et al. (2017), with the “Effect of

Absenteeism on Students Performance” Research, the results of
findings show that there are three main factors or indications
which are badly affecting by absenteeism. These includes the
class participation, coordination of students with teachers and
peers and the third is the grades of students. The total number of
days absent was found to be the second most important factor
after GPA, in predicting student performance on the final exam:
(Sauers, Daniel et.al 2019).
Methodology II
This chapter contains the methods
and procedures of the study. It
includes research design, population
and locale of the study, data
gathering procedures and the
statistical treatment of the data.
Research Design
• This study will utilize the descriptive method and
correlational method of research in order to
describe the phenomenon. Descriptive research is
one in which information is collected without
changing the environment (i.e., nothing is
manipulated).
 Sometimes these are referred to as
“observational” studies the office of
Human Research protections any study
that is not truly experimental in human
research a descriptive study can provide
information about the naturally occurring
health status, behavior, attitudes or
other characteristics of a particular group.
• Descriptive, studies are also conducted to
demonstrate associate or relationship
between thing in the world around you
(Miranda Yechl 2014).
• Correlation method was also used by the
researches in their study to determine the
relationship between “Factors That Affect
The Absenteeism of Student and It’s Effect
to their Performance: A Correlational
Study”.
It is a quantitative method of research in
which you have 2 more quantitative
variable from the same group of
participants you are trying to determine if
there is a relationship (or covariation)
between the 2 variables(that is, A
similarity in pattern of scores between the
two variables, not a difference between
their means).
Population and Locale of the Student

This study will be conducted at Pinmilapil

National High School, Sison Pangasinan.
The respondents of this study involves the
students of Pinmilapil National High
Schools enrolled this school year 2019-
2020
Data Gathering Tools

• This study will employs two sets of

questionnaire. The first part of questionnaire
is checklist to know the factors that affect
the attendance of the students and its effect
to their academic performance and the second
part is a multiple choice type of exam to
determine the level of performance of
students. The questionnaire are validated by
the professionals and tests its reliability.
Data Gathering Procedure

• After obtaining and determining the number and members of the

sample, the researchers will seek approval from the school head and
advisers to administer the questionnaire checklist. The researcher will
seek approval on the release of the official number of the respondents
from the adviser of the different level.
• After seeking approval from the school head and advisers ,the
researchers will orient the students about the research study. Explain
the significance and benefit of the study to the learning process.
• The researchers will administer standardized test and make sure that
the confidentially or results will met. The questionnaires data will be
tallied, analyzed and completed using the prescribed statistical tool.
REFERENCES
• Balkis, M., Erdinc, D., & Arslan, G. (2016). The School Absenteeism
Among High School Students: Contributing Factors. Educational Sciences:
Theory and Practice, 6-7.
• Elis, J. (2016). Effects Of Absenteeism To The Learning Performance Of
Fourth Year Students Of One National High School In Batangas City,
Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal Of Education, Arts and Sciences Volume
3, 86-87.
• Khalid, N., & Mehmood, K. (2017). Effects Of Absenteeism on Students
Performance. International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications Volume 7,151-152.
• Kilic, A., Arseven, Z., & Sahin, S. (2016). Causes Of Student Absenteeism
and School Dropouts. International Journal Instruction, 195-196.
• Mendez, M. (2012). Causes Of Absenteeism In University Students And Its
Effects In The Academic Performance. Conference Paper, 4-5.
TREATMENT OF DATA

• To determine the demographic profile of the students, Percentage will be utilized.

• To determine the factors that affect the attendance of the students, general weighted
average will be utilized.
• To determine the level of performance of the respondents frequency mean and
general weighted average will be used to get the mean percentage score(MPS). The
level of performance is classified as mastery, near mastery, and low mastery.
-MPS of 75% and above(mastery level)
-MPS of 50% to 74%(near mastery)
-MPS of 49% and below(low mastery)
• To determine the significant relationship between the factors that affect the
attendance of the students and their performance, Pearson R Correlation will be
used.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION III
• This chapter will present the data gathered in answer to specific
problems posed in the study. It also includes an analysis and
interpretation of the findings of the study.
• In this chapter, the data gathered from the respondents will be
presented in both tabular and narrative from which cover the
respondents’ demographic profile, factors that affect the
attendance of students and academic performance.
Demographic Profile of Students

The first problem of this study focused on

the demographic profile of students in terms of
a.) age b.) sex c.)family income
Table 1 presents the demographic profile in
terms of age, sex and family income of the
respondents with the corresponding frequency
and computed percentage.
 Table 1
Demographic Profile
S.Y. 2018-2019
(N=47)
VARIABLE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A. AGE
13 AND BELOW 18 38.30%
14-16 YEARS OLD 24 51.06%
17-19 YEARS OLD 3 6.38%%
20 AND ABOVE 2 4.26%

B. SEX
FEMALE 32 68.09%
MALE 15 31.91%

C. FAMILY INCOME
4,000 AND BELOW 12 25.53%
4,001-6,000 22 46.81%
6,001-8,000 7 14.89%
8,001 AND ABOVE 6 12.77%
Factors that affect the attendance
of students

• The second problem of the study focuses on

the factors that affect the attendance of the
respondents in terms of a.)Motivation; b.)
Personal, Familiar, Social, Troubles; c.)
Physical; d.) Emotional; e.) Gadgets and f.)
School Culture, climate and safety.
 TABLE 2
Factors that affect the attendance of students
A.Y. 2018-2019
(N=47)

MOTIVATION:
1.Lack of interest in subjects 2.74 OFTEN
2.I’m not motivated 1.60 NEVER
3.I’m bored 2.19 SOMETIMES
4.I can pass without going to school 1.60 NEVER
5.My behavior is irresponsible 2.28 SOMETIMES
6.I can decide with freedom Indicators AWM DE 2.36 SOMETIMES
7.Because of my economic situation, I’m not worried of my subjects 1.83 SOMETIMES

8.I have all my necessities covered ,I don’t mind my subjects 1.62 NEVER
9.Lack of effort 2.66 OFTEN
10.Lack of habit of punctuality 2.06 SOMETIMES
11.My subject is not a priority for me 1.72 NEVER
2.11 SOMETIMES
13.I can’t find a direct relation between the contents of the subject and my expectation 2.15 SOMETIMES
14.I can’t be bothered to go to class 2.30 SOMETIMES
15.I prefer to attend classes which I find interesting 3.15 OFTEN
16.I’m thinking in leaving school and begin to work 1.83 SOMETIMES
GENERAL AVERAGE 2.13 SOMETIMES

PERSONAL ,FAMILIAR, SOCIAL, TROUBLES

1.Bad relation with the group 1.68 SOMETIMES
2.Serious personal troubles 1.60 NEVER
3.Family troubles 1.70 NEVER
4.My parents only bothered about the grade 1.57 NEVER
5.I have troubles regarding relationships 1.74 NEVER

GENERAL AVERAGE 1.66 NEVER

PHYSICAL

1.Health troubles 1.68 NEVER

2.I’m tired 2.43 SOMETIMES
3.I always go to bed late; as a consequence I’m sleepy 2.26 SOMETIMES
4.I don’t take the breakfast at home; I go to take breakfast when I’m hungry 1.89 SOMETIMES

GENERAL AVERAGE 2.32 SOMETIMES

EMOTIONAL
1.I have anxiety and stress 2.09 SOMETIMES
2.I’m feeling very down-hearted: sadness ,apathy 2.11 SOMETIMES
3.I don’t feel secure about myself 1.68 NEVER
4.I’m worried to be asked in class 1.81 SOMETIMES
5. I’m not adapted to the institution 1.91 SOMETIMES
6. My classmates throws me hurtful words 2.19 SOMETIMES
7. Criticisms from my colleges makes me feel emotional 1.83 SOMETIMES
8.I think I’m not able to pass the subject 1.70 NEVER
GENERAL AVERAGE 1.92 SOMETIMES
GADGETS
1.I give more time using gadgets than studying 1.70 NEVER
2.I find it more interesting when I engage myself to social media 1.55 NEVER
3.I prefer playing mobile games than going to school 1.45 NEVER
4.I use internet until midnight; as a consequence I was not able to wake up early 1.57 NEVER
GENERAL AVERAGE 1.57 NEVER
SCHOOL CULTURE, CLIMATE AND SAFETY
1.I am afraid to go to school because someone may hurt me 1.62 NEVER
2.My classmates threatens and bullies me physically 1.60 NEVER
3.I don’t feel safe at school’s environment 1.51 NEVER
4. My classroom is in poor ventilation 1.49 NEVER
5.My teachers’ way of lecturing didn’t meet my expectation. 1.47 NEVER
GENERAL AVERAGE 1.54 NEVER
LEGEND:

• AWM= AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN;

• DE= DSCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT;
• 1.0– 1.74 NEVER;
• 1.75 – 2.49 SOMETIMES;
• 2.50 – 3.24 OFTEN;
• 3.25 – 4.00 ALWAYS
Motivation
• As shown in the table 2, the computed general weighted average
mean is 2.13 which is to be interpreted as Sometimes.
• This implies that the students are sometimes been motivated in
attending their class. Some of them find their subject boring and
uninteresting.
• Based on the investigatory study of Kottasz(2005), identified some
important aspects of student behavior-Motivation. Kottasz stated
that motivation is the major factor causing students to attend their
lectures. Unfortunately, not all of the students are motivated to
study. Results indicated also that some students found lectures
boring and not worth attending. This may be due to low
motivational levels.
Personal, Familiar, Social Troubles

• As presented in the table 2, the computed general weighted average mean is

1.66 which is to be interpreted as NEVER.
• This signifies that the respondents can highly control and regulate themselves
in certain circumstances in their lives in terms of physical, familiar, social
troubles. It simply means that the students were never been affected and are
competent enough in terms of these.
• According to Balkis M. et.al.(2016), with the research entitled; The School
Absenteeism among High School students: Contributing factors, results
showed that student absenteeism is negatively related to personal factors
such as academic self-perception, attitudes towards teachers and school,
goal valuation and motivation/regulation. Personal factors are positively
related with academic achievement.
Physical

• Table 2 shows the computed general weighted average mean for motivation is
2.32 which is to be interpreted as SOMETIMES.
• This implies that the students are Sometimes been affected physically for
them to not attend school.
• Study showed from the classroom of 25 students, 5 of them struggling of the
same issues many adults deal with: depression, stress, substance abuse, etc..
Wether treated or not, the children do go to school. And the problems they
face can tie into major problems found in schools: chronic absence, low
achievement, disruptive behavior and dropping out(Anderson&Cardoza, 2016)
Emotional

• As shown in the table 2, the computed general weighted average

mean is 1.92 which is to be interpreted as SOMETIMES.
• This indicates that the respondents were sometimes been affected
emotionally.
• According to Kottasz(2005), the first and fourth hypothesis was
been accepted, these were: H1: Lower levels of motivation results
in non-attendance and H4: Stress is a cause of absenteeism. In
conclusion, stress and having the feeling of sadness can also be a
factor.
Gadgets

• As presented in the table 2, the computed general weighted

average mean is 1.57 which is to be interpreted as NEVER.
• This implies that the respondents were never been affected
through usage of gadgets in attending school.
• A number of researchers(Bork, 1985;Papert, 1980;Ragosta, 1982)
views computers as having an influential effect on the teaching
and learning processes. They state that the use of computers in
the classroom, schools would become more student-centered and
that more individualized learning would take place than ever
before.
School Climate and Safety

• As presented in the table 2, the computed general weighted

average mean is 1.54 which is to be interpreted as NEVER.
• This implies that the respondents were never been affected by the
school culture, climate and safety.
• According to Ocak G. et.al. (2017), research entitled; The Causes
of Absenteeism of High School students, findings showed that the
causes of students’ absenteeism aren’t related to school, students
themselves and their parent, however; student absenteeism
causes partly from psychological reasons.
Academic Proficiency of PNHS Students

• The third problem of this study

focused in the Academic Proficiency
or the level of performance of the
students in terms of given indicators.
 TABLE 3
Academic Proficiency of PNHS Students
A.Y. 2018-2019
(N=47)

SCORES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

0-10 0 0%

11-20 5 10.64%

21-30 33 70.21%

31-40 9 19.15%

LEGEND: 0-10:LOW;11-20:MODERATE;21-30:HIGH;31-40:VERY HIGH

Academic Proficiency of PNHS
Students

• Based on the result from Table 3, 0% of the respondents got the

low proficiency. However, 70.21% or 33 of the PNHS students were
marked as HIGH in answering the 21-30 score scale.
• This implies that the students were academically proficient in
their subjects.
• Based on the study of Fadelelmoula(2018), research entitled:
Impact of class attendance on student performance, positive
correlation was found between the attendance and final exam
performance in all courses together.
Relationship between the Factors that
affect the attendance to the academic
performance of the students
• The fourth problem focuses in determining the significant
relationship between the factors that affect the attendance
and the academic performance of the students.
• Table 4 presents the significant relationship between the
factors that affect the attendance and the academic
performance of the students with the corresponding
significance level, degrees of freedom, t-value, computed chi
square and the significance of the result.
 TABLE 4
Relationship between the Factors that affect the attendance
to the academic performance of the students
A.Y. 2018-2019
(N=47)
Significance Level Computed Chi-square Significance
Indicators

a. Motivation .05 1.079 S

b. Personal, Familiar, Social .05 1.079 S

Troubles

c. Physical .05 1.079 S

d. Emotional .05 1.079 S

e. Gadgets .05 1.079 S

f. School Culture, Climate and .05 1.079
Safety
 Relationship between the Factors that affect
the attendance to the academic performance
of the students
• Based on the table above, since the computed chi-square is 1.079 which is greater than
the 5% level of significance.
• Therefore, there is a significant relationship between the factors that affect the
attendance to the academic performance of the students.
• This indicates that, motivation, personal, familiar and social troubles, physical,
emotional, gadgets and school culture, climate and safety has an impact on the
students’ grade or academic performance.
• Some study concluded that absenteeism factors affect the students’ academic
performance. Student who became absent have poor class participation, poor
coordination with teachers and peers and poor GPA. Student’s class participation
becomes affected due to absenteeism. The effects of absenteeism in class participation
, miss the chance to become a part in class participate, can’t raise questions about any
confusion regarding topics. Attendance teams should identify barriers to attendance and
address them through interventions, such as partnering with community organizations to
address needs of necessities (Mehmood, 2017).
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS IV

•This chapter presents the

conclusions drawn and the
recommendations
formulated.
 Conclusions
• . The percentage of the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of Age is 51.06%
which was ranging from 14-16 years old while in terms of Sex, 68.09% of the respondents
were females. The family income are earning from 4,001-6,000 which was 46.81% of the
respondents.
• The percentage of the level of performance of the students is 70.21% which is marked as
high proficient in answering the 21-30 score scale. It implies that the students were
academically proficient in their subject.
• There is a significant relationship between the factors that affect the attendance to the
academic performance of the respondents because the computed chi square values are
higher than the 5% level of significance. This indicates that motivation, personal, familiar
and social troubles, physical, emotional, gadgets and school culture, climate and safety has
an impact on the students’ academic performance.
• The researchers created an educational brochure that can promote a preventive plan to
minimize the causes of absenteeism primarily in school.
 Recommendations

• For students, should be counselled to avoid bad companies and realise that
education is key to their good future and should therefore eschew absenteeism (
senyametor, F. et.al., 2018).
• For teachers, accurately monitor attendance, adopt, and apply, a consistent
school policy regarding truancy. In order for the policy to be effective, students
must be made aware of the policy. Intervene early with parents and the student
when attendance becomes a problem. Acknowledge students when their
attendance increases. Make students feel welcome by getting to know their names
and greeting them in the halls (Fantuzza, J. et.al,.2005)
• For parents, to informing their children about the importance of school and
obtaining a good education. Try to understand why their children do not want to
go to school. Establish a good working relationship their child’s teachers.
Recommendations

• For stakeholders & school heads/principal should provide all the basic
educational materials that are useful and needed for the school. They also
should know and understand the needs of the pupils and meet them by means
of motivating and create a good behaviors especially good regular
attendance. (Senyametor, F. et.al. 2018).
• For researchers, use this study entitled “Factors that affect the attendance
of the students and its effect to their academic performance: A correlational
study S.Y. 2018-2019 “as reference or basis for research study. Also,
replicating this research study is permitted by the authors.
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ELLANA, E. et.al.