Unit 1: Introduction to Ergonomics and

Facilities Planning
Introduction

Any hotel and restaurant’s primary objective is

to attract more and more guests and to make their
visits a memorable experience to earn a profit. Tourists
often seek to make them feel comfortable during their
stay in a hotel. Thus, giving special consideration to
their accommodation and needs become a priority for
hospitality establishments. The planning and design of
facilities in tourism facilities are seen as a key aspect
that can contribute to adding value to both operations
and guests. A lot of that depends on a property's
architecture and design. decoist.com

The building design, hotel facilities, and services are setting the scene for a
lively atmosphere. The designers and architects create a subconscious atmosphere of
sophistication and grandeur right from the outside, to the lobby, public areas, guest
rooms, and every section of the property throughout the hotel. The designs in the
specialty restaurants and nightclubs, as well as the guest rooms, are generally at
their creative best.

The building or property’s physical structure usually represents the largest

investment in capital for the hospitality establishments and establishes the firm’s
corporate image. That includes the building’s visual association with the services or
products that are provided. That means that the way the property looks, its design
or ambiance, gives a clear expectation of the
nature or quality of the products or services
that can be obtained. It also provides a sound
idea of the price range involved to the potential
customer.

In hotel facility planning, you need to

balance functional, layout, and esthetic issues
to develop a property that meets guests, staff,
and the owner's needs at the same time.

tihannydesign.com

1
 Learning Outcomes
1. discussed the meanings of a facility, facility planning, and design;
2. determined the nature of facilities planning;
3. examined the design considerations for designing any hotel facilities;
4. identified the significance of facilities planning as the facilitator of efficient
operations;
5. explained the objectives of facilities planning as a component of the overall
operations of the hospitality business;
6. elaborated on the process and strategic facilities planning; and
7. discussed what is ergonomics and its importance in facilities planning.

Activate Prior Knowledge

Activity: Picture/Image-Hotel Name Match

Here are the 10 Hotels in the Philippines with unique facility design and features.
Try to match the picture and its name without going to google. Check your work
afterward by exploring the web.
Hotel Luna – Vigan Domicillio Design Hotel- Tagaytay
Crown Regency Hotel & Towers – Cebu The Lighthouse Marina Resort -Subic
Hue Hotels and Resorts - Puerto Princesa Plantation Bay Resort & Spa - Cebu
Ocean Suites Boutique Hotel - Bohol Hotel H2O – Manila Ocean Park
Canvas Boutique Hotel - Puerto Princesa The Bayleaf - Intramuros
1. ______________________ 2. _________________

primer.co gistph.com
m

cebuanopost.wordpress .com trivago.com

3. __________________ 4. __________________

2
 Hotel Luna – Vigan
Crown Regency Hotel & Towers – Cebu
Hue Hotels and Resorts - Puerto Princesa
Ocean Suites Boutique Hotel - Bohol
Canvas Boutique Hotel - Puerto Princesa
Domicillio Design Hotel- Tagaytay
Lighthouse Marina Resort -Subic
Plantation Bay Resort & Spa - Cebu
Hotel H2O – Manila Ocean Park
The Bayleaf - Intramuros

5. __________________ 6. _________________

facebook.com booking.com

meatandtravel.com uniqhotel.com

7. _____________________________ 8. _____________________________

9.

langyaw.com selectiveasia.com

_____________________________ 10. _____________________________

3
 Acquire New Knowledge

Important Terms Defined

Definition of Facility. The basic meaning of the term facility is the

space where the activities of an enterprise take place. The facility provides
physical location where a service or good is being produced and ensures that the
structure or building design meets the required functionality with the production.
h

In general, the facility is a building, a piece of equipment, service, and so on that

is provided for a specific purpose.

In the hotel context, facilities are services,

buildings, equipment, and everything else that is
created to serve a specific function appropriate to
the needs of the guests who stay in the hotel. In the
hospitality industry, facilities play important and
varied roles, especially in providing services the
satisfaction of guests. Facilities help to define the
establishment and give it an identity. lightspeeding.com

The hotels, for example, offer various facilities such as gym, swimming pool,
restaurants, spa, and much more. These facilities will provide the guests with an attr
active visual environment that contributes to the whole experience, ambiance, and
comfort. Guest rooms, meeting spaces, function rooms, and restaurants in the hotel
are the facilities called as revenue-generating centers.

Facility Planning Defined. Facility planning is the design process for the
hotel's accommodation and service facilities. It is concerned with the design, layout,
and accommodation within a physical spatial environment of persons, machines, and
activities of an organization or an establishment. Facility planning deals with the
entire hotel design process that includes the front office, guest rooms, and facilities
such as spa, swimming pool, restaurants, bars, etc.

Planning facilities addresses two major

logistics decisions: location and layout of the
facilities. The first is about choosing the best
location to establish facilities based on cost or other
criteria. A location may be a country, city or a
specific location within a city. The location of the
facilities has an enormous impact on the costs
of construction, local taxes, insurance, labor costs,
availability and transportation costs to or
from other facilities.
smartdraw.com

4
 The second planning decision for facilities
is concerned with the optimal arrangement and
layout of smaller facilities within a large facility
to minimize material handling and related costs.
The facility's layout typically affects
intrafacility logistics costs such as material
handling costs, and material handling
equipment costs.

Design Defined. Design is the power to

conceive, plan, and make products that serve
human beings in the fulfillment of their individual hmhub.com
and collective ends. Hotel design involves hotel
planning, design, and development. Design is a significant tool for hotels in
enhancing the attractive appeal of the building, creating an atmosphere in public
areas, such as lobbies, and attracting visitors in the process.

The concept of hotel design is rooted in hospitality traditions for travelers

from ancient times. Many different types of hotels have been developed in many
cultures. For example, the advent of rail travel in the early 1900s led to hotels near
railway stations being planned, designed, and developed to cater for rail travelers.

The design of a hospitality and tourism establishment may provide the

business with an identity or character and may project the appeal and vision of the
operation to visitors or potential visitors. Hotel design can also help to create
tangible attributes that visitors can identify. At the same time, it can provide quality
enriching the experience of guests, including aesthetic quality.

Nature of Facilities Planning

Facility planning involves overseeing the planning, programming, design,

construction approach, operation, and maintenance of facilities to enable the
achievement of the organizational objectives.
It provides support in the development,
assessment, and justification of the needs of
the facility. From the initial planning of a new
or renovated space to the construction,
architects, and designers ensure that all
changes comply with local and state building
codes and keep files for future reference of
those changes.

There is a need for a detailed

understanding of the internal workflow for
Ifma.org

5
hotels, resorts, restaurants, and other related hospitality establishments. Area
allocation for various departments such as the front office, housekeeping, food
production and service, function rooms, and other areas can be optimized in existing
operational areas without any trade-off between function and deliverables.

The various aspects of planning the facilities include people, technologies,

building and landscape, and processes and practices. Every planning initiative for
facilities should be piled against individual pieces and then considered as part of the
whole. For example, if your objective is to improve space utilization and plan for the
future, you will need to see how it fits into the different aspects of the planning of
the facilities. How does the use of space affect people, technology, the building, and
your processes?

There are seven major design

considerations for designing any hotel
facilities namely: attractive appearance,
efficient plan, good location, suitable
material, good workmanship, sound
financing, and competent management.

Attractive appearance. A hotel

architecturaldigest.com
building has to be as grand as its interiors.
Its distinctive characteristics start from the
design itself. One of the really important
considerations is the appearance of a hotel.
It should be attractive and reflect that
area's architecture, and should also have a
characteristic of the services being provided
in that hotel.

Efficient plan. The hotel's plan should

be such that it is functional and appeals to the
eye as well. All the services should be designed
in such a way that they meet the different
layout and design principles.

Good location. The hotel's design will be

guided by its geographical position. If a hotel is
located near the airport or railway station, its
front office is designed to accommodate a large
number of guests checking-in at the same
time. For there is a likelihood that guests will
arrive in the hotel in groups. Similarly, hotels
situated at hill stations, beaches, in the heart of
the cities, and metros will be designed base-4.com
differently.

6
 Suitable material. Locally available material should be used in a
hotel design so as to be cost-effective and efficient.

Good workmanship. Designers should take advantage of the workmanship of

local expertise. And consider it when designing a hotel. This will not only make the
hotel efficient but will also be cost-effective.

Sound financing. One of the very important factors for the design of the
hotel is finance. The availability of ready funds and finance management is a
critical factor and should be considered very carefully in hotel design.

Competent management. A hotel's design will depend on the quality of its

management. The availability of quality management and manpower will have an
effect on the design for sophisticated equipment and high tech gadgets.

HMhub.me

Significance of Facilities Planning

To keep up with development, planning facilities of organizations must be a

continuing activity. Proper planning of the facilities is an important facilitator of
efficient operations. To be effective and efficient, there needs to be a continuous
relay out and rearrangement to update its operations. In the design phase, facility
planning will add value to the establishment by ensuring less rework, more efficient
operations, a higher value for money, customer satisfaction, efficient supply chain
control, and teamwork.

Occupational safety and health standards are important considerations

regarding any facility's structure, layout, and material handling system. Adequate
considerations must be given to health and safety norms during the initial design
phase of a facility. By incorporating vital health and safety measures into the initial
design phase of planning the facility, it will minimize or eliminate equipment or
processes that may create potential hazards to the health and safety of employees.

7
 Conservation of the environment and energy has implications for planning
facilities. New energy conservation measures are being introduced to reduce energy
consumption, such as the use of LEED, which required changes in the design of the
facility or its redesign. The introduction of ducting and service lines into heating
water and office areas has forced changes in material flows and in-process inventory
relocations.

Regulations and policies such as the accessibility of different-abled people,

solid waste disposal, air, and noise pollution have resulted in substantial increases in
the alteration of the existing facility. These rules impact all aspects of the facility,
including parking space allocation, requirements for entry and exit ramps, restroom
layout, and other space designs.

webstaurantstore.com

Objectives of Facilities Planning

Facility layout and design is an important component of the overall operations

of a business, both in terms of maximizing production process efficiency, and
satisfying employee needs. The main goal of the planning and design of the facilities
is customer satisfaction. Looking at the customer as an internal element, the
planning process for the facilities will take place in making customers as the primary
focus.

The basic objective of an effective layout is to guarantee a smooth and

steady flow of work, production materials, equipment, manpower, and information
through a system under a safe and comfortable environment at a minimal cost. The
key to good layout and design of facilities is to integrate people's needs (personnel
and customers), materials (raw, finishes, and processes), and machinery in such a
way that they create a single, well-functioning, and more productive system.

8
 An efficient and effective layout of the facilities can cover the following
objectives:

 Reduce costs and boost profitability;

 Effective utilization of people, equipment,
and space;
 Fulfilling customer promises,
meeting customer needs, thus improving
customer satisfaction;
 Providing safety, and job satisfaction for
employees, energy efficiency
and environmental responsibility; and
 Increasing asset return by taking
advantage of inventory turns, minimizing
outdated inventory, make the most
of employee participation, and
maximizing ongoing improvements.
cadull.com
Facilities Planning Process

The planning process for the facility is the process by which a facility
management organization envisages its future by linking its purpose to the overall
organization's strategy and then developing goals, objectives, and action plans to
achieve that future. The facility is constantly being improved to meet its ever-
changing goals of the establishment. The planning and replanning processes of the
facilities are linked by the planning cycle for the continuous improvement of the
facilities.

There are six steps in the planning process of

facilities which include defining the problem, analyzing
the problem, identifying space requirements, assessing
alternatives, selecting the design, and implementing the
design.

Defining the problem. This concern is with

defining or redefining the facility’s purpose. Whether
rapenteriors.co.uk planning a new facility or improving the new
exiting facility, the products to be produced and
the services to be provided must be specified
quantitatively. It is also important to specify the
primary and support activities to be carried out in
achieving the objectives in terms of operations,
equipment, personnel, workflow, and materials
designcentralinteriors.com flow requirements.

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 Defining the problem begins when you ask the following questions regarding
the problems you observe:

 What is the problem or need?

 Who has the problem or need?
 Why is it important to solve?
 Who needs what because of why.

Analyzing the problem. At this

stage of analyzing the problem, it is
helpful to determine the
interrelationships among all activities.
You need to determine whether and how
activities within the facility's boundaries
interact with each other or support each
other, and how to do this. There should
be a definition of both qualitative and
quantitative relations.

Determining space requirements

for all activities. When calculating space
requirements for each activity, all the
equipment, materials, and personnel
requirements must be considered.
Design requirements state the important pinteres.com
features your organization wants to satisfy to succeed. One of
the best ways to identify your establishment's design requirements is to analyze the
concrete example of a similar, existing product, and note each of its key features.

Alternative plan facilities need to be generated. The plans for alternative

facilities will include both the location of alternative facilities and alternative facilities
designs. Alternatives to the facility's design will include alternative layout designs,
structural designs, and system design for material handling. The decisions on the
locations and on the design of the facility may be separated, depending on the
particular situation.

Assessing alternatives.
Evaluate plans for alternative facilities
(alternative location and alternative location
designs). Rank the specified plans based on
accepted criteria. Determine the subjective
factors involved for each and evaluate
whether these factors will affect the facility or
its operations and how. Determine
significant factors. For each candidate plan,
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10
 assess if and how the facility and its
operations will be affected by those factors.

Selecting the design. The information

generated in the preceding step should be used
to get to the final selection of a plan. The
problem is determining which plan be the most
acceptable in meeting the organization's goals
and objectives. Most often, the cost is not the
only major consideration when assessing a plan
for facilities.

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m
Implementing the design. Once the plan
has been selected, the actual construction of a
facility or the layout of an area must be
preceded by a considerable amount of
planning. Supervising the installation of a
layout, getting ready to start, actually starting,
running, and debugging are all part of the
facilities planning implementation phase.

As new requirements are placed on the

stockunlimited.com
on the facility, the overall plan for the
facilities must be modified as appropriate.
It should reflect any energy saving measures
or improved equipment for handling material that will become available. Changes in
design or mix may require a different flow pattern or updated planning of the
facilities.

As indicated in the first step, the products to be produced or the services to

be provided must be identified in specific, quantifiable terms. All recognized changes
need to be considered and integrated into the layout plan in the case of potential cha
nges in product design and/or quantities, modifications, expansions, and so on for
existing facilities.

Strategic Facilities Planning

Strategic facility planning recognizes

that every decision made in business planning
directly affects the real estate assets and
needs of an organization. A strategic facility
plan is defined as a two-to-five year facility
plan that encompasses a whole portfolio of
owned and/or leased space that sets strategic
facility goals based on the strategic business
blgcontrols.com
11
 goals of the organization. It guides a master plan
through the addition of strategic long-range
analyzes of project drivers and restrainers.
Therefore, the purpose of the SFP plan is to
develop a flexible and implementable plan, based
on the individual business' specific and unique
considerations. The strategic facilities' goals, in
turn, determine short-term tactical plans,
including prioritization, and funding facilities-
related projects. The strategic facility plan is the
result of the strategic facility planning process.

The SFP identifies the type, quantity, and

location of spaces required to fully support the
pestleanalysis.co organization's business initiatives, and should be
m framed within the organization's vision. It
includes three primary components:

(1) an understanding of the culture and core values of the organization, and an
analysis of how existing and new facilities have to manifest that culture and
core values in the physical space or support their change;

(2) a thorough analysis of existing facilities including location, capacity, use,

and condition; and

(3) a workable and affordable (approved) plan which translates the business
plan's objectives into an appropriate response to the facility.

Also, to guarantee that the SFP is not prepared

in a vacuum and fully supports the business initiatives
of each other department within the organization and
the work carried out by the employees of the
organization, it must be developed holistically with
input from all department heads within the organization
and end-users. Care is needed to avoid planning for a
specific outcome as analysis may provide various new
or potential plans that were previously unknown.
Although managers may have suggested solutions,
keeping a clear, impartial point of view is critical to be
open to unforeseen possibilities. https://www.123rf.com

Instead of making this assumption in isolation, the facility manager brings

detailed analyzes from all units within the organization. Before any analysis, a gap
analysis of current versus future requirements can be assisted by data collection.
These analyzes could include labor pools, market conditions, transport geographies,
logistics and operational requirements, information technology plans and
analysis, organizational or staff structure plans, as well as other involvement

12
from marketing, sales or brand assessments.

alarmystockphoto.com

Ergonomics and the Hospitality Industry

The term ergonomics derives from the Greek word ergon signifying work, and
nomos meaning laws. Ergonomics is the science of fitting the worker to the work
environment. Good ergonomic designs promote compatibility between the workforce
and create an optimal working environment. In other words, ergonomics draws on
many disciplines to optimize the interaction between employees in the work
environment.

Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with

understanding interactions between humans and other the elements of a system,
and the occupation that applies design theory,
principle, data, and methods to enhance human
welfare and overall system performance. It is about
designing the working environment to improve the
well-being and overall performance of the system.

Ergonomics should be a precautionary

facilityexecutive.com
strategy. Managers need to include the human
factors design elements if the atmospheres they
create are to be safe, user-friendly, and compliant
with OSHA. We can avoid work-related illnesses or
injuries by understanding the human-factor
requirements of the work.

Ergonomics aims at reducing occupational

risk factors, preventing injuries, reduction in the
risk of slips, trips and falls, as well as reducing
soft tissue injuries and musculoskeletal problems
caused by sudden or sustained exposure to force,
vibration, repetitive movement, and uncomfortable
postures. Ensuring you have workplaces and
equipment designed to reduce those risks is very
important.
safetysupplywarehouse.com

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 An ergonomics program's objectives are to protect jobs and assets and to
guard against liability. Addressing ergonomics properly helps to retain valued
employees. The application of ergonomics to the work environment is essential to
the success of every business mission. The basic benefits of the ergonomics program
are:

 creates a better safety culture;

 enhances productivity;
 improves employee engagement;
 increases efficiency;
 promotes job satisfactions;
 diminishes occupational illness and
injury; casterconcepts.com
 reduces number of complaints of discomfort;
 lessens number of lost workdays;
 decreases number of workers’ compensation claims; and
 lowers premium payments for workers’ compensation insurance.

The hospitality industry needs to implement ergonomics in the planning and

design of its facilities. Employees working in the industry work in different kinds of
environments. These are sometimes not very friendly to the physical working
conditions. It is observed that workers in the industry are usually always overloaded
with pressure from work. The employees had to work long hours and perform many
kinds of jobs. They compromise their level of comfort while offering comfortable
situations for their guests.

Many of those jobs are extremely physical. Dishwashers, servers, bartenders,

and luggage handlers all run the risk of injuries on the job. But the riskiest work
is in the housekeeping department. Room attendants lift heavy objects and carry.
They are pushing up heavy carts and vacuums. They do it over and over again,
every day.

According to the American Journal of

Industrial Medicine (2002), around 62
percent of housekeeping injuries in the
hospitality industry are musculoskeletal. The
main cause is bed making. Mattresses are
much heavier and bigger than they used to
be. That increases the strain from lifting.
Room attendants have to take
uncomfortable positions to make the bed.

ohsonlineco.uk
A lot has improved since then but
there's still a long way to go. According to
research carried out in 2010, the housekeeping staff are still the most at risk, with

14
around five times as many injuries in housekeeping staff as other jobs such as
cooks, servers, or dishwasher.

In a study conducted in Malaysia in 2017, more than 50 percent of hotel

room attendants found that both the housekeeping cart and the vacuum cleaner
were too heavy or broken, making their works more difficult and the potential for
injury wider. However, it is not just the housekeeping department. There are
problems in the function rooms and kitchens too. Carrying heavy objects,
slipping on wet floors, or even merely repeated stirring of a pot on a hot stove
can make working in a kitchen unpleasant and at its most serious –a health hazard.

Employees would be able to perform in a

much better way without being fatigued. Actions
may be taken to make working conditions favorable.
Ergonomics readjusts existing working conditions to
suit the people who work there. It can enhance
employee morale and productivity. It can create a
positive working environment with the maximum
yield for the management.

In the housekeeping department, for

example, a simple solution such as having two room
attendants working together or alternating facilityexecutive.com
bedroom and bathroom duties when cleaning the
guestrooms will effectively reduce the repetition in half and make the process more
efficient. Purchasing ergonomically handled mops, extended rod, stool, foot rest, and
vacuum cleaners can significantly lessen the impact of repetitive and excessive strain
on wrists. Changing the surrounding temperature, lighting, air quality etc. can also
be of great benefit.

In the kitchens an important factor to consider is the actual physical layout.

There are many workers person doing varied works in a commercial kitchen. A
crowded kitchen can present more hazard and logistical issues. Slips, trips, and
falling on frayed rugs, thresholds, and uneven or slippery surfaces, for example, are
the number one recognized workplace near misses where accidents nearly occur.

possector.com
pinteres.com 15
 Apply Your Knowledge

As a Facilities Manager, you ensure that the facility is operating as it

should on a daily basis and meets compliance standards and government
regulations. Thus, you are tasked to be one of the resource persons for the
Quarterly Training Seminar at your resort hotel. The topic assigned to you is
Ergonomics and Facilities Planning. You are to prepare an infographic (a visual image
such as a chart or diagram used to represent information or data) using what you
have learned from this lesson.

Rubric for Infographic

Exceptional Admirable Marginal Unacceptable

Appropriate details Most details support Few details support No details to
support main idea main idea main idea support main idea
Accurate and Accurate Lacking accurate Information is not
detailed information for information accurate
Content information almost all subject
matter Inadequate
Information information is not Information does
(50%) adequately Information is clearly supportive of not support the
supports purpose mostly adequate visual’s purpose visual’s purpose
of visual and supportive of
visual’s purpose
Topic and title Topic and title are Topic and title Topic and title are
clear and easily mostly clear and difficult to identify not clearly
identified easily identified identified
Main idea not
Main idea is clearly Main idea is clearly stated No main idea
Focus appropriate to appropriate to topic
topic Few illustrations Illustrations do
(20%) Most illustrations complement not complement
All illustrations
complement complement purpose of visual purpose of visual
purpose of visual purpose of visual

Outstanding use of Adequate use of Inappropriate use Little attempt to

color, design, and color, design, and of color, design, use color, design
space space and space and space
appropriately
Visual Original and Design is adequate Design lacks
Appeal creative design creativity Design is dull
(20%) Overall design is
Overall design is Lack of harmonious Project has sloppy
pleasing and mostly pleasing design in appearance
harmonious presentation
Free of Mostly free of Frequent Too frequent
grammatical errors grammatical errors grammatical errors grammatical
errors
Mechanics Words are legible Most words are Presentation is
and pertinent to legible and pertinent illegible and Distractive
topic to topic confusing elements make
(10%) illustration
ineffective

Career Opportunities in Education and Training

Texas Education Agency (2015).

16
 Assess Your Knowledge

Part 1: Short Quiz - Modified True or False

Direction: Read the following items and determine if they are true or not. If the
statement is true, write the word FACILITY in space provided before each
number. If false, CHANGE THE UNDERLINED WORD/S to make the sentence
true.

_________1. The facility is constantly being improved to meet its ever-

changing vision and mission of the establishment.

_________2. Planning facilities addresses two major logistics decisions: location

and space utilization of the facilities.

_________3. Bed making by room attendants are the main cause of

housekeeping injuries that lead to musculoskeletal disorder.

_________4. Facilities planning is about designing the working atmosphere to

enhance the well-being and overall performance of the system.

_________5. The main objective facilities planning and design is maximization of

space utilization.

_________6. Strategic facilities planning guides a master plan through the

addition of strategic long-range analyzes of project drivers and
restrainers.

_________7. Facility design is the space where the activities of an establishment

take place. It provides physical location where a service is being
produced.

_________8. The design of a hotel or restaurant may provide the business with an
identity or character and quality enriching the experience of guests,
including aesthetic quality.

_________9. One of the really important design considerations is the efficient

plan of a hotel. It should reflect that area's architecture and
characteristic of the services being provided in that hotel.

_________10. Area allocation for various departments and other areas can be
optimized in existing operational areas without any trade-off between
function and deliverables.

17
Part 2: Journal Writing

Recall your experiences of hotel and restaurant field visits or your exposure
duty to the housekeeping department, food production, and food service areas.
Identify some ergonomics problems you have encountered and how you deal with
them. What were the coping strategies that you have used? (Please see Journal
Rubrics below. You may use additional paper for your reflection.)

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Rubrics in Journal Writing

Criteria Excellent Good Satisfactory Needs
(20-17 pts.) (16-12 pts.) (11-6 pts.) Improvement
(5-0 pts.)
Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection lacks
demonstrates a high demonstrates demonstrates critical thinking.
degree of critical some degree of limited critical Superficial
thinking. Insightful critical thinking. thinking. Minimal connections are
Content and relevant Connections made connections made made through
Reflection connections made through through explanations,
through contextual explanations, explanations, inferences, and/or
explanations, inferences, and/or inferences, and/or examples.
inferences, and examples. examples.
examples.
Conveys strong Conveys evidence Conveys limited Conveys
evidence of of reflection on evidence of inadequate
Personal reflection on own own work. reflection. evidence of
Growth work. Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates less reflection on own
significant personal satisfactory than adequate work. Personal
awareness of deeper personal personal awareness awareness are not
meaning through awareness through few or evident. Lacks
inferences made, through some simplistic inferences enough
examples, well inferences made, made, examples, inferences,
developed insights, examples, and insights that are examples, and
and substantial insights, and not well developed. personal insights.
depth in perceptions. substantial depth
in perceptions.
Well written and Above average Average and/or Poor writing style
clearly organized, writing style and casual writing style lacking in clarity,
characterized by logically organized that is sometimes language used,
Writing elements of a strong with minor errors unclear and/or with and/or frequent
Quality writing style and in grammar, some errors in errors in
basically free from punctuation, grammar, grammar,
grammar, usage, and punctuation, usage, punctuation,
punctuation, usage, spelling. and spelling. usage, and
and spelling errors. spelling. Needs
work.
Kreiger, D. (2014). Instructional Design/Technology Services, SC&I, Rutgers.

18
Part 3: Research
Do some search in the web of the top 10 features stunning design hotels in the
world. Based on the description of the facility, answer the following questions to the
best of your ability:

1. How is the hotel design unique?

2. What is their key design component?
3. How it reflect the architectural design of the area?
4. What are the designs considerations?

Rubrics for Research Paper

Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning
Criteria (18-20 points) (14-17 points) (13-9 points) (8-0 points)
Paper is effectively Paper is adequately Paper is Paper lacks
organized. Ideas are organized. Ideas somewhat logical
arranged logically, are arranged organized, organization
flow smoothly, with a reasonably with a although and impedes
strong progression of progression of occasionally ideas readers’
thought from thought from from paragraph to comprehension
paragraph to paragraph to paragraph may of ideas. The
Organization
paragraph. Includes paragraph. not flow well. paper is missing
all required Includes required May be missing a multiple
components components required required
(introduction, body, (introduction, body, component and/or components.
conclusion, Reference conclusion, components may
List, etc.). Reference List, be less than
etc.) for the most complete.
part.
Demonstrates a Demonstrates an Demonstrates Demonstrates a
sophisticated understanding and general lack of
understanding and some critical understanding understanding
careful, critical analysis of the with limited critical and inadequate
analysis of the research topic. analysis of the analysis of the
Analysis research topic. Adequately research topic. research topic
Compares/contrasts compares/contrasts Analysis is
perspectives, and perspectives and superficial
draws original and broader rather than
thoughtful connections critical analysis.
conclusions.
Research sources are Sources are mostly Some sources may Sources
highly relevant, relevant, accurate, not be relevant, included, are
accurate, and reliable and reliable and accurate, and generally not
Sources
and add to the add to the strength reliable. relevant,
strength of the paper. of the paper. accurate, or
reliable.
Paper is well written Paper shows above Paper shows an Paper shows a
characterized by average writing average and/or below
elements of a strong style and clarity in casual writing average/poor
writing style. Basically writing. Minor style. Some errors writing style.
free from grammar, errors in grammar, in spelling, Frequent errors
Writing punctuation, spelling, punctuation, grammar, in spelling,
Quality usage, or formatting spelling, usage, or punctuation, grammar,
errors. formatting. usage, and/or punctuation,
formatting. spelling, usage,
and/or
formatting.
Kreiger, D. (2014). Instructional Design/Technology Services, SC&I, Rutgers.

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 References

Alonso, A., Ogle, A. (2008). Exploring design among small hospitality and tourism
operations. Journal of Retail Leisure Property, 7, 325–337.

Edwards, E. (2018). Applied facilities management for the hospitality industry. USA:
Cognella, Inc.

Ergonomics and facilities management. Retrieved from https://fmlink.com

Facility layout and design. Retrieved from https://www.inc.com

Facility layout - objectives, design and factors affecting the layout Retrieved from
https://www.managementstudyguide.com

Gross, L. (2019). Hotel ergonomics: The essentials for staff welfare. Retrieved from
https://partner.booking.com

Kasilingam, R. G. (1998). Facilities planning in logistics and transportation .

Boston: Springer.

Khusna, D., Dawal, S. Z., Jamasri, J., & Aoyama, H. (2010). A proposed study on
facility planning and design in manufacturing process. Available from
https://www.researchgate.net

Kumar, P. (2017). Good location: Hotel design. Retrieved from https://hmhub.me

Middlesworth, M. Ergonomics 101: The definition, domains, and applications of

ergonomics. Retrieved from https://ergo-plus.com

Pal, S. (2015). Ergonomics in hotels: The need of the day journal of Kashmir for
tourism and catering technology, 2(1), 47-56.

Sher, D. (n.d.). What is facility planning in operations management? Retrieved from

https://spaceiq.com

The key role of facilities in the hospitality industry. Retrieved from https://www.ipl.org

Uttarakhand Open University. Facilities planning. Retrieved from

http://www.uou.ac.in

Wright, M. (2016). Ergonomic solutions for the hospitality industry. Retrieved from
https://www.onsite-physio.com

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 Answers to Picture-Hotel Name Match

1. The Bayleaf - Intramuros .

2. Hue Hotels and Resorts - Puerto Princesa
3. Crown Regency Hotel & Towers – Cebu
4. Ocean Suites Boutique Hotel - Bohol
5. Plantation Bay Resort & Spa - Cebu
6. Canvas Boutique Hotel - Puerto Princesa
7. Lighthouse Marina Resort -Subic
8. Hotel H2O – Manila Ocean Park
9. Domicillio Design Hotel- Tagaytay
10. Hotel Luna – Vigan

Answers to the Quiz

1. Goals/objectives
2. Layout
3. Facility
4. Ergonomics.
5. Customer satisfaction
6. Strategic Facilities Plan
7. Facility
8. Facility
9. Attractive appearance
10. Facility

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