1.
Ovum is released from graafian follicle
MCN
GOnadtropic Hormones (LH & FSH)
“trophy” – growth
“gonad” – ovaries
1. FSH activates oocytes to grow and mature
a. As it grows, the cell produce follicular
fluid (clear fluid)
i. has high estrogen and small
progesterone
2. oocyte propelled to surface of ovary
3. FULL MATURITY – clear water blister
- size: 1.25 – 0.5 in
a. Graafian Follicle: the small ovum with
its surrounding follicular membrane and
fluid
4. Day 14 – ovum divide in mitosis
a. Primary Oocyte -contains bulk of
cytoplasm
b. Secondary Oocyte – contains little
cytoplasm and is not functional
c. Reduces number of chromosomes into
haploid
5. At midpoint (day 14), LH is at its peak
a. Prostaglandins are released
b. Graafian follicle ruptures
c. The ovum is set free from the surface of
the ovary – OVULATION
i. Ovulation occurs 14 days before
the end of the cycle
6. Follicle remain in a form of hollow empty pit
(FSH decreases).
7. LH continue to rises in amount and produce
lutein
a. From follicles left in the ovary
b. A bright yellow fluid (high in
progesterone)
Follicle is renamed into corpus luteum
8. Before a day of ovulation, body temperature
decreases by 0.5 – 1 degree F (due to decrease
in progesterone)
9. After 1 day of ovulation, body temp increases by
1 degree F (due to increase of progesterone)
FERTILIZATION
 Ovum is only capable of fertilization only 24
hours (if not, atrophies)
 Spermatozoan: 48 hours (72hours the most)
surrounded by a ring of mucopolysaccharide
fluid – zona pellucida and a circle of cells –
corona radiata
a. Protective buffers against injury
2. Ovum and corona radiata are propelled into
fallopian tube by fimbrae
3. Reduction of viscosity of cervical mucus (gets
thin) for sperm to easily penetrate
4. Sperm to cervix – 80-90secs
5. Travels to Ampulla – 5mins
a. Sperm travels through flagella (tails)
and uterine contractions
6. Sperm cluster around in corona radiata
a. Hyaluronidase – released by sperm to
destroy corona radiata
7. Only 1 can penetrate
8. Once penetrated, sperm changes its
composition and become impervious so no
other sperm can penetrate
a. Gestational thropoblastic disease
i. Multiple sperm enters the
ovum
ii. Leads to abnormal zygote
formation
9. After penetration, ovum and sperm fuse and
form a zygote
a. A fertilized ovum has 46 chromosomes
IMPLANTATION
Placenta Previa – implantation is low and the growing
placenta occlude the cervix and malces the birth
difficult (placenta blocks the birth canal)
10. Zygote goes to uterus (3-4 days)
11. Mitotic division occurs
a. 1st cleavage occurs 24 hours
b. Continue to occur every 22 hours
i. When reached to uterus,
already has 16-50 cells –
morula (bumpy outward
appearance)
12. Morula travels (3-4days) and becomes
BLASTOCYST
a. Tropoblast cell – outer ring that
becomes the placenta
b. Embryoblast cells – inner cell mass
becomes the embryo
13. 8 fays after fertilization, blastocyst shred to
every last residue against endometrium and
settles into soft folds
 a. Brushing against uterine lining
(apposition)
b. Attach to surface of endometrium
(adhesion)
c. Settle down to soft folds of uterine
lining (invasion)
14. Once implanted zygote is called the EMBRYO