PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
WEEK 7
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Describes the kinds of research design for
qualitative research (CS_RS11-IIIb-1)
RESEARCH DESIGN FOR
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
1. Phenomenological study.
- This type of research seeks to find essence or
structure of an experience by explaining
how complex meanings are built out of
simple units of inner experience. It examines
human experience (lived experiences)
through the descriptions provided by subject
or respondents. The goal of this study is to
describe the meaning that experiences hold
for each subject. Some of the areas of
concern for these studies are humanness,
self-determination, uniqueness, wholeness
and individualism.
- Coming from the word “phenomenon”, which
means something known through sensory
experience. It is the study of how people
find their experiences meaningful. Its
primary goal is to make people understand
their experiences about death of loved ones,
care for handicapped persons, friendliness of
people, etc.
Example:
“The Coping Mechanisms of a Millennial
after a Long Term Relationship-Break-up”
“Mainstreaming Mental Health on Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management:
Millennials’ Perception in the City of
Balanga”
“Life without Gadget”
2. Ethnographic study. This study involves the
collection and analysis of data about cultural
groups or minorities. In this type of
research, the researcher immerses with the
people and become a part of their culture
therein, he/she becomes involved in the
everyday activities of the subjects, and gets
to empathize with the cultural groups when
facing the issues and problems they face
every. During the immersion process, the
researcher has to talk to the key persons and
personalities called key informants who can
provide the important information for the
study. The main purpose of this study is the
development of cultural theories.
Example:
“Understanding the Patterns and Paces of
language Literacy of Indigenous People in
Bataan”
“Cultural Awareness and Integration of
Peace Education in the Indigenous Peoples
(IP) Communities”
3. Historical Study. This study is concerned
with the identification, locations, evaluation,
and synthesis of data from past events. This
is not only limited to obtaining data from the
past, but it also involves relating their
implication to the present and the future
time. Some of the source data for historical
study are as follows:
3.1 Documents – wide range of printed
materials that can be found in libraries,
archives or personal collections.
3.2 Relics and artifacts – such as the
equipment used by nurses during WW II
usually found in museums.
3.3 Oral reports – are information that are
passed through word of mouth.
Example:
“The Disparities on the Perception of Baby
Boomers, Millennials and Generation Z
about Filipino Belief System”
“The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech”
4. Case Study. An in-depth examination of
people or group of people or an institution.
It finds answer to why a particular
circumstance or phenomena occurs to the
subject. Some of its purposes are to gain
insight into a little-known problem; provide
background data for broader studies; or
explain socio-psychological and socio-
cultural processes. A case study also
involves a comprehensive and extensive
examination of a particular individual,
group, or situation over a period of time. It
provides information on where to draw
conclusion about the impact of a significant
event in a person’s life. - involves a long
time of study of a person, group,
organization, or situation. Varieties of data
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
WEEK 7
collection method may be employed in this study of language structures used in the
type of research like interviews, medium of communication.
questionnaires, observations, and
documentary analysis. Example:
“Wattpad: Advantages and Disadvantages
as Perceived by Teenagers in the City of
Balanga”
Example: " A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of
“Analysis on Psychological Adjustments of Modern Technologies on Communication”
Bullying Victims & Aggressors at City of
Balanga National High School”
“Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High
Schools””
Activity No. 7
5. Grounded theory study. The method Directions. On the table below, draft your
involves comparing collected units of data proposed topics for a research paper. The first
against one another until categories, column is for the topic, second for the purpose
properties, and hypotheses that state and third for the type of qualitative research to be
relations between these categories and used. Give five topics.
properties emerge. These hypotheses are
tentative and suggestive, and are not tested Type of Qualitative
Topic Purpose
in the study. Research

Example: Example:
Post To determine the Phenomenological
“Being There: A Grounded-Theory Study of
Traumatic experiences of
Student Perceptions of Instructor Presence Experiences of those survivors
in Online Classes” the COVID-19 in the COVID-19
“The Story Behind the Migration of Survivors phenomena.
Christians from Visayas and Luzon to 1.
Mindanao”

6. Narrative Analysis. The main source of the

data for this type of research are the life 2.
accounts or stories as told directly by the
individual subject based on his/her personal
experience, apart from the perspective of the
larger society. The purpose of the study is to 3.
extract meaningful context from these
experiences.

Example 4.
“Vocabulary Building of Students through
Proper Solid Waste Management”
5.
7. Content and discourse analysis - analyzes or
examines substance or content of the mode
of communication used by a person, group
or organization, or any situation in
communicating like letters, books, journals,
photos, videos, SMS, online messages,
emails, audio visual materials, etc. This is a