Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

TEACHER-MADE LEARNER’S HOME TASK (Q3-Week 3 – Week 4)

School :Madridejos National High School Date: April 5-19, 2021

Grade Level/Section :Grade11/12 Subject Area/s: Practical Research 1

I. MELC/Code CS_RS11-IIIb-1 CS_RS11-IIIc-e-1 CS_RS11-IIIc-e-3

Competencies: CS_RS11-IIIb-2 CS_RS11-IIIc-e-2
II. Objective/s:
Knowledge: describe the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses and kinds of
qualitative research; and
Skills: Illustrate the importance of qualitative research across fields.

Values/Attitudes: appreciation of the ways people come to understand and achieve their daily life in
particular situations.
III. Subject Matter: Qualitative Research and Its Importance In Daily Life
IV. References: Practical Research Module

V. Procedure:
A. Readings Lesson 1: The Value of Qualitative Research, its Characteristics,
Strengths, Weaknesses and Kinds

Introduction
The general purpose of qualitative research is to develop concepts
which help you to understand social phenomena in, wherever possible,
natural rather than experimental settings, to gain an understanding of the
experiences, perceptions and/or behaviors of individuals, and the
meanings attached to them. The effective applications of qualitative
methods to other disciplines, including health and education research
have expanded. This module outlines the nature and potential value of
qualitative research features its various parameters.

I. Definition of Qualitative Research

Qualitative Research is a scientific method of observation to gather non-
numerical data. It refers to the meanings, concepts, characteristics,
metaphors, symbols and description of phenomena, and not to their
counts or measures.
II. Purpose of Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research promotes a deep, holistic understanding of a
particular phenomenon.

III. Characteristics of Qualitative Research

1. Human understanding and interpretation in data analysis
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46282. Active, powerful and forceful in data gathering and rephrasing interview
questions.
3. Multiple research approaches and methods that allows you to plan your
study and being multi-method research
4. Specificity to generalization on specific ideas will lead to generalizations
or conclusions.
5. Contextualization - context or situation of individual’s life
6. Diversified data in real-life situations on collecting data in a natural
setting.
7. Abounds with words and visuals that presents people’s view in a picture,
video, drawing or graphs.
8. Internal analysis on examining the data yielded by the internal traits of
the subject persons.
IV. Strengths of Qualitative Research
1. It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter.
2. Promotes a full understanding of human behavior/personality traits in
their natural setting.
3. It is instrumental for positive societal changes.
4. It engenders respect for people’s individuality.
5. it’s a way of understanding & interpreting social interactions.
6. Increases researcher’s interests in the study.
7. Offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining knowledge about
something.

VI. Weaknesses of Qualitative Research

1. It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis.
2. It is hard to know the validity/reliability of the data.
3. It is open-ended questions yield “data overload” that requires long-time
analysis.
4. It is time-consuming.
5. It involves several processes, whose results greatly depend on the
researcher’s views or interpretations.
VII. Kinds of Qualitative Research
1. Case Study - Long time study of a person, group, organization or
situation and an empirical inquiry that investigates current
phenomenon.
Example: “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools”
2. Ethnography- a study of a particular cultural group.
Example: “Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in the
Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities”
3. Phenomenology- “live-experienced” of a phenomenon.
Example: “Life without Gadget”
4. Content and Discourse Analysis-
Content Analysis- is a research technique that analyzes the modes of
communication such as letters, e-mails etc.
Discourse Analysis- is the study of social life, understood through
analysis of language it includes face-to-face talk, non-verbal interaction,
images and symbols. Materials for Discourse Analysis include books,
newspapers, periodicals, brochures and advertisements.
Example: “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern Technologies on
Communication”

5. Historical Analysis- is a qualitative method where there is an

examining of past events to draw conclusions and make predictions
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Telephone Nos.: (032) 520-3216 – 520-3217; SDS Office: (032) 255 -6405; ASDS Apao : (032) 236 -
4628 about the future.
Example: “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech”
6. Grounded Theory- takes place when there is a discovery of new theory
which underlies your study at the time of data collection and analysis.
Example: “The Story Behind the Migration of Christians from Visayas and
Luzon to Mindanao”
7. Narrative Report - designed to present things or events that have
happened in the past through a logical progression of the relevant
information. The main purpose of a narrative report is to present a
factual depiction of what has occurred.
Example: “Vocabulary Building of Students through Proper Solid Waste
Management”
8. Biography- is the study of an individual’s life and struggles and how
they reflect cultural themes of the society. It deals with an interesting
story found in documents and archival materials. It is concerned with
the reconstruction of life histories and the constitution of meaning based
on biographical narratives and documents.
Five common types of biography are:
(1) Scholarly Chronicles -focus on the historical portrayal of an
individual life.
e.g. “Biography of Gloria M. Arroyo, the First Woman President of the
Philippines”
(2) Intellectual Biography- narrative of a life through the conceptual
analysis of the subject’s motives and beliefs within the world of ideas.
e.g. “Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal”
(3) Life History Writing- recording of life memories, experiences,
whether one’s or another’s.
e.g. “The Hardships of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW’s)”.
(4) Memoir Biography- stylistic presentation of the biographer’s
reflections and insights in relation to the factual account of life.
e.g. “The Experiences of Stranded Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic”
(5) Narrative Biography-a nonfiction account of life experiences of a
person.
9. Action Research- is a classroom-based or school-based research seeks
transformative change through the process of taking action and doing
research, which are linked together by critical reflection. This type of
research is commonly conducted by the teachers to give solutions to the
existing problems to improve students’ academic performance and
positive attitudes.

Lesson 2: The Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields of

Inquiry

Qualitative research is an emerging area of inquiry that graces through

disciplines and subject matter. However it's also essential to recognize that
qualitative research is a method generally used in the social sciences
searching social interactions, schemes and processes. It delivers a detailed
appreciation of the ways people come to understand and achieve their daily
life in particular situations.

Research in Different Areas of Knowledge

Research studies happen in any field of knowledge: Anthropology,
Business, Communication, Education, Engineering, Law and Nursing.
A. Basic Research Approaches in a Specific Area of Discipline
1. Scientific or Positive Approach
- Deals with empirical data instead of personal views, feelings or attitudes.
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Telephone Nos.: (032) 520-3216 – 520-3217; SDS Office: (032) 255 -6405; ASDS Apao : (032) 236 -
4628 - Allows control of variables or factors affecting the study (Laursen, 2010).
- Express and records findings quantitatively.
- Presents structured interviews, questionnaires and observational checklists.
2. Naturalistic Approach
- A people-oriented approach focusing on discovering the real concept or
meaning behind people’s lifestyles and social relations.
- Present things qualitatively through verbal language. Using words as unit of
analysis.
- Bases determining universal social values to define ethical and unethical that
society ought to know, not only for the benefit of individual and community
but also for the satisfaction of man’s quest for knowledge.” (Sarandakos
2013; Ransome 2013)
Example: Talking to ethnic groups or people with other culture in a natural
setting. In this case, the researcher uses unstructured interviews and the
participants’ answer/response is not scripted.
3. Triangulation/ Mixed Method
 Allows a combination or a mixture of research designs, data collection and
data analysis techniques.
 Enhance the validity and reliability of qualitative research design.
 Enhances accuracy of interpretation.
 Has an opportunity to view every angle of the research from different
perspectives.
(3) Main Methods of Data Collection
a. Interactive interviewing- people asked to verbally described their
experiences of phenomenon.
b. Written descriptions by participant- people asked to write descriptions
of their experiences of phenomenon.
c. Observation- descriptive observations of verbal and non-verbal
behavior.
In the field of Humanities, researchers ought to focus not to man’s
social life but instead studies it’s meanings, significance and
visualizations of man’s experiences in the field of Fine Arts, Literature,
Music, Drama, Dance and other artistically inclined subjects.
Humanistic Categories
1. Literature and Art Criticism
Focus on language depends on interpretative and reflective thinking.
2. Philosophical Research
The focus of inquiry is on knowledge and principles of being and on the
manner human beings conduct themselves on Earth.
3. Historical Research
Investigation centers on events and ideas that took place in man’s life at
a particular period.

II. Hard Sciences versus Soft Sciences

- Qualitative and Quantitative Research can go together in a research

approach.
- There is a symbiotic relationship between these two research methods, in
 Address: IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (032) 520-3216 – 520-3217; SDS Office: (032) 255 -6405; ASDS Apao : (032) 236 -
4628 which they reinforce or strengthen each other.
- Moreover, any form of knowledge, factual or opinionated and any
statistical or verbal expression of this knowledge are deduced from human
experience that is subjective. (Hollway 2013; Letherby 2013)

Lesson 3: The Subject Matter of the Research

Developing a good research topic may not be easy for you but it is an
important skill. Your teacher may assign you a particular topic but often
requires you to choose a topic that interests you .In this lesson, you are
given the guidelines in choosing a topic when you begin your research
work. These pointers will guide you in selecting a good topic. Other factors
affecting in choosing and writing your research are topics that need to be
avoided this will help you focus clearly on your subjects. Likewise the
sources of information are important for you to know where your research
topic may come from.

B. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions using HOTS for content subjects
Exercise 1 Please answer the following: Please use the Activity and Answer Sheet.
1. Lesson 1: The Importance of Research in Daily Life
2. Lesson 2: The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research
3. Lesson 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Research
4. Lesson 4: The Kinds of Research Across Fields
Exercise 2 Please answer the following: Please use the Activity and Answer Sheet.
1. Lesson 1: The Importance of Research in Daily Life
2. Lesson 2: The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research
3. Lesson 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Research
4. Lesson 4: The Kinds of Research Across Fields
C. Assessment Please answer the following: Please use the Activity and Answer Sheet.
1. Lesson 1: The Importance of Research in Daily Life
/ 2. Lesson 2: The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research
3. Lesson 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Application
4. Lesson 4: The Kinds of Research Across Fields

Prepared by:
ROVILISA G. CARREON
Teacher
Verified by:
ELENITA L. ALCAREZ
School Head