Negros Oriental State Unive

College of Engineering and A

CE 424
REINFORCED CONCRET
PROJECT
Students: Paculanang, Kelly T.
Cadivida, Jielo A.
Calacar, Joana P.
Tiaño, Karen Faith B.
Ferrer, James Raymond II
Ferrero, Marlon Nicho E.
Padayhag Kenneth C.
ental State University
ineering and Architecture
E 424
ONCRETE DESIGN- 1
PROJECT
Instructor: Dr. Irismay T. Jumawan, Ph.D
 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DESIG
SIMPLE SUPPORTED BEAM

Input Data
Design data
Design Moment M 18 KN.m
Reinforcing Bar yield Strenght fy 275 N/mm²
Concrete Compressive strength fc' 21 N/mm²
Length of Beam L 5 m 300
Cross-Section Dimensions Total Depth
Depth of Beam D 300 mm
Width of Beam b 250 mm
Covering d' 38 mm
Effective depth d 0 mm 244 mm
Total Area of Tensile Reinforcement Bars As mm²
Total Area of Compressive Reinforcement Bars As' mm²
First layer bars
Number of Reinforce Bars (1) 2
BAR (1) SIZE ᴓ₁ 16 mm
Second layer bars Summary
Number of Reinforce Bars (2) * Therefore:Tension steel has yiel
BAR (2) SIZE ᴓ₂ mm * Therefore: Compression steel di
Compressive bars * Case 2
Number of Reinforce Bars(one layer only) 2 * Meets maximum reinforcement
Bar size ᴓ₃ 16 mm * Therefore:Tension steel has yiel
STIRRUP SIZE ᴓ₄ 10 mm * ***Passes Ductility Requiremen
STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR Փ 0.9 * ***Passes Steel Ratio Requirem
Ultimate Bending Moment
Capacity of the Beam
Designing Moment
Capacity Status
* ***Provide stirrups
* Maximum spacing of stirrups
EAM DESIGN

38 mm (d') Covering

Layer of compressive bars

244 mm (d) Effective depth

mm D
10 ᴓmm Stirrup
Total Depth

First layer of tensile bars

250 mm

b
Total Width

Therefore:Tension steel has yield

Therefore: Compression steel did not yield

Meets maximum reinforcement ratio requirement

Therefore:Tension steel has yield
***Passes Ductility Requirement
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement
Ultimate Bending Moment = 23.64749 Kn.m
Capacity of the Beam
Designing Moment = 18 Kn.m
Capacity Status = PASS
***Provide stirrups
Maximum spacing of stirrups = 122mm
Design data
Design Moment Mu= 18 Kn.m
Reinforcing Bar yield Strenght fy= 275 N/mm²
Concrete Compressive strength fc'= 21 N/mm²
Length of Beam 5 m

Cross-Section Dimensions
Depth of Beam h= 300
Width of Beam b= 250
Covering c= 38
Reinforcement data
Number of layers (for bottom bars) NLay =

First layer bars

Number of Reinforce Bars (1) N= 2
BAR (1) SIZE dia = 16
Second layer bars
Number of Reinforce Bars (2) N 0
BAR (2) SIZE dia = 0
Compressive bars
Number of Reinforce Bars(one layer only) N 2
Bar size dia = 16
STIRRUP SIZE dia = 10
STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR f = 0.9
MATERIAL
REINFORCE BAR fy = 275
CONCRETE fc ' = 21
CLEAR COVER c= 38
CALCULATION
BAR'S DIAMETER db(1) = 16.000
db(Second layer) = 0.000
db(Compressive layer) = 16.000
db(stirrup) = 10.000

AREA OF ONE BAR (1) Ab(1) = p/4*db2(1) = 201.06

AREA OF ONE BAR (second layer) Ab(second layer) = p/4*db2(second layer) = 0.00
AREA OF ONE BAR(Compression Steel) p/4*db²(second layer) = 201.06
Total Area of Tensile Reinforcement Bars As = 402.12
Total Area of Compressive Reinforcement Bars As' = 402.12
effective depth( d ) d 244.00
d' 46.00
TENSILE STEEL RATIO r = As/(b d) = 0.66%
COMPRESSION STEEL RATIO r' = As'/(b d) = 0.66%

b1 = 0.850
Reinforcement ratio producing balanced strain condition
rb = 0.85b1fc'/fy(600/(600 + fy )) = 3.78%

Maximum Steel Ratio rmax = 0.75 rb = 2.84%

Meets maximum reinforcement ratio requirement

Minimum Steel Ratio rmin = 1.4/Fy = 0.51%

Meets minimum reinforcement ratio requirement
Assuming all steel yields= (fs=fs'=fy)
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a = As fy/(0.85 f'c b) = 24.78

.85Fc'b As1 = As - As' = 0.000100

T1 = As1fy = 0.027499999993097
a c C1 = 0.85fc'ab = 4463 a
d Equating T1 = C1
N.A. a= .00001 mm
c= .000012 mm
T1 c - d' = -46 mm
d-c= 244 mm
Concrete-Steel Couple Diagram From Strain Diagram
b es = 60999.997
es' = -11499.997
Cs' ey = 0.001375
c - d' Therefore:Tension steel has yield
N.A. d - d' Therefore: Compression steel did not yield

T2
fs'=600*(c-d'/c)
Steel-Steel Couple Diagram fs'= -2299999400
**Compression Steel Does not Yield
Ec = .003
Es' c C1+C2=T
d 0.85fc'ab+As'fs'=Asfy
T=Asfy= 110584.06
C1=0.85fc'ab= 4463 a
Es C1=0.85fc'B₁cb 3793.125c

Strain Diagram
T=C1+C2

110584.0614064 =
110584.061c =
0 =
0 =
 c=
fs'=600((c-d')/c)
a=
Mn=M1+M2
Mn=C₁(d-(a/2)) + C₂(d-d')
Mn=0.85fc'ab(d-(a/2)) + As'fs'(d-d')
Mn= 26274987.21083 N.mm
26.27498721083 Kn.m

Check for ductility

Max. Permissible As = 0.75rbbd + As'fs'/fy
1587.582448741 mm
***Passes Ductility Requirement

SUMMARYSUMMARY NOT APPLICABLE SINCE CONDITION 1 PREVAILS,SEE SHEET 1

Meets maximum reinforcement ratio requirement

Therefore:Tension steel has yield
***Passes Ductility Requirement
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement
Bending Moment Capa
Designing Moment
Capacity Status

WEB REINFORCEMENTS
Span of Beam, m =
Diameter of Stirrups, mm=
Effective depth of beam, m =
Shear at support, KN =
Vu , KN =
fVc =
Vs =

DESIGN OF STIRRUPS
Calculate theoritical spacing of stirrups =
max. spacing to provide minimum area of
shear reinforcements =
sqrt. Fc' x b x d / 3 =
Compute for maximum spacing of stirrups=
 Layer of compressive bars

D=
300 mm

mm Stirrup
mm
mm Second layer of tensile bars

First layer of tensile bars

38 mm Covering

mm b= 250mm

mm

mm
mm

MPa
MPa
mm

mm
mm
mm
mm

mm² As2=As'= 402.12

mm² As1=As-As2 0.00
mm²
mm²
mm²
 0.028374545454546
maximum reinforcement ratio requirement

minimum reinforcement ratio requirement

mm

fs=600((d-c)/c)
12199999400
c =a/B₁

fs'=fy (Both tension and compression Yields)

fs=fy,fs'<fy (Tention steel yields and compression steel does not yield)
fs'=fy , fs'>fy ( Tention does not yield and compression steel yields)

Therefore:Tension steel has yield

refore: Compression steel did not yield
Case 2

C1=0.85fc'B₁cb
C2=As'(600*(𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐 ) = 241274.3158c (c- 46 )
= 241274.3158 c² -11098618.53c
4462.5 T=Asfy
3793.125

3793.125c +241274.32 c² -11098618.527c

3793.125 c² +241274.316c -11098618.527
3793.125 c² +130690.254c -11098618.527
1 c² 34.45450766567 -2925.98280483823
 39.543 mm
-97.974 Mpa ***The assumption for Case 2 is CORRECT***
33.61 mm
Mu=ՓMn
Mu= 23.647 Kn.m
***Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Beam
Mn= 26274987.21083 N.mm
Mn= 26.27498721083 Kn.m

Check for Steel Ratio:

rmax = pmax+((p'*fs')/fy) ractual = p = TENSILE STEEL RATIO
rmax = 0.026025941783 p= 0.006592194420647
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement

E SINCE CONDITION 1 PREVAILS,SEE SHEET 1

ement ratio requirement

Mu = 23.65 KN-m
Mz max = 18.00 KN-m
PASS

5
10
0.24
87
78.5088
39.61
45.77
***Provide stirrups

230.29 mm
230.29 mm
518.37 mm
93.18
122 mm
mpressive bars

yer of tensile bars

of tensile bars

ering
 241274.316 c² 11102411.652c 110584.06
a b c
c= -0.009962520918246
c= --46.01c
CASE 1 : ALL STEEL YIELDS

As1 = As - As' = 0.00

M1 = As1Fy(d-a/2) = N.mm Kn.m

M2 = As'Fy(d-d') = 21895644.1585 N.mm 21.9 Kn.m

M = M1 + M2 = 21.9 KN-m
ᶲ= 0.9
Mu = fM = 19.71 KN-m

Checking for Ductility:

Max. Permissible As = 0.75rbbd + As' = 2132.97 mm
***Passes Ductility Requirement

rmax = 0.75rb + r' = 0.0349667399

ractual = 0.0065921944
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement

SUMMARY SUMMARY NOT APPLICABLE SINCE CONDITION 2 PREVAILS,SEE SHEET 2

Meets maximum reinforcement ratio requirement
***Passes Ductility Requirement
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement
Therefore:Tension steel has yield

Bending Moment Capacity Mu = 19.71 KN-m

Designing Moment Mz max = 18.00 KN-m
Capacity Status PASS
 Design for Si
SIMPLE SUPPORTED BE

Input Data values Unit

Total Length= 6m
WLL= 0 KN/m
WDL= 20 KN/m a =4 m
WLLctd 10 KN
a= 4m
b= 2m 6m
WLLcenter= KN
Fc'= 21 Mpa Live Load
Fy= 276 Mpa Dead Load
ᴓDiameter of bar in "mm"= 25 mm
ᴓDiameter of stirrups in "mm"= 10 mm
Clear cover= 40 mm 6m
Փ= 0.9
Computed Max Shear= 86.057 KN
Therefore use: 210 mm X 490 mm

(Effective depth)
d= 422 mm 490 mm (Total Depth)

2 - 36 mm

(Clear cover) 40 mm 10 mm

210 mm

Required As= 1826.529 mm²

db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
12 16.15006 17 1922.655
16 9.084408 10 2010.619
20 5.814021 6 1884.956
22 4.804976 5 1900.664
25 3.720974 4 1963.495
28 2.966337 3 1847.256
32 2.271102 3 2412.743
36 1.794451 2 2035.752
sign for Singly Reinforced Beam
SUPPORTED BEAM

=P 10 KN =P KN

b =2 m 3m 3m

6m

Live Load WLL= KN/m

Dead Load WDL= 20 KN/m

Summary Results
Actual Area of Steel "As" : 2035.752 mm²
Number of Bars "N" : 2
Actual Diameter of Bars : 36 mm
Actual Weight of the Beam : 2.423 KN/m
(Total Depth) Total Height of the Beam "D" : 490 mm
Effective Height of the Beam "d" : 422 mm
(number and diameter of bars) Width of the Beam "b" : 210 mm
Instantaneous Deflection : 11.496 mm
(Diameter of Stirrups) Immediate deflection due to 11.496 mm
Sustain loads :
Total deflection after number of
years : 5 years 22.196 mm
Deflection due to dead load plus 12.426 mm
additional long time deflection
due to shrinkage and creep :
Maximum spacing of stirrups : 211 mm o.c
210 mm o.c
 Design for Singly Reinforced Beam
SIMPLE SUPPORTED BEAM

Input Data
WLL= 0 Kn/m WLLctd 10 KN Fc'= 21
WDL= 20 Kn/m WLLcenter= 0 KN Fy= 276
Total Length= 6m LL= 10 KN
Total Length= 6000 mm B₁= 0.85
Assume WB=20%(DL+LL)= Kn MD 109.5 Kn.m B₁= 0.85
WB= 26 Kn ML 13.33333333333 Kn.m Փ= 0.9
WB= 4.333333333333 Kn/m ᴓDiameter of bar in "mm"= 25 mm
WDL= 24.33333333333 Kn/m Clear cover= 40 mm
ᴓDiameter of stirrups in "mm"= 10 mm
Mu due to Loads
Mu=1.2MD+1.6ML
Mu= 152.7333333333 Kn.m
152733333.3333 N.mm
Determine pb
pb=(0.85fc'B₁600)/(fy*(600+fy))
pb= 0.037652620608
Assume p=0.55pb
p= 0.020708941334
w= pfy/fc'
w= 0.272174657534
Assume d=2b b=0.5d
Mu=Փfc'wbd²(1-0.59w)
bd²= 35370940.30214
0.5d³= 35370940.30214
d³= 70741880.60428
d= 413.5793696698
say d= 420mm
4b³= 35370940.30214
b³= 8842735.075535
b= 206.7896848349
say b= 210mm
d= 420mm
Determiine Required As
As=pbd
As= 1826.52862567 mm²
Number of Bars
N=4As/3.14*diaB²
N= 3.72097356127
say N= 4 bars

For Actual As
db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
12 16.15005885968 17 1922.654704
16 9.08440810857 10 2010.6192983
20 5.814021189485 6 1884.9555922
22 4.804976189657 5 1900.6635554
25 3.72097356127 4 1963.4954085
28 2.966337341574 3 1847.2564803
32 2.271102027142 3 2412.743158
36 1.794450984409 2 2035.7520395

Use N(bars)= 2
Use diameter bars= 36 mm
Actual As (mm²)= 2035.75204 mm²

h=d+((diameter of bar)/2)+ᴓstirrups+clearcover
h= 488 mm
say h= 490 mm 420mm
d₁=h-clearcover-((diameter of bar)/2)
d₁= 422 mm
Check minimum thickness
hmin=(L/16)*(0.4+(fy/700)) 40mm
hmin= 297.857 mm
Check WB actual 210mm
Actual WB=2.4(9.81)*h*b
Actual WB= 2422677.6 N/mm
2.4226776 Kn/m < WB assumed OK
Check actual p
p=As/bd
p= 0.022971699837
pmin=1.4/fy
pmin= 0.005072463768
pmax=0.75pb
pmax= 0.028239465456
pmin<p<pmax (OK)
pmin<p<pmax (OK)

Try again using WB= 2.4226776 Kn/m

DL= 20 Kn/m TDL= 22.422678
LL= 10
Mu=1.2DL+1.6LL
Mu= ((1.2*(WBL²/8))+(1.6*MLL))
Mu= 142.4157923733 Kn/m
Determine pb
pb=(0.85fc'B₁600)/(fy*(600+fy))
pb= 0.037652620608
Assume p=0.55pb
p= 0.020708941334
w= pfy/fc'
w= 0.272174657534
Assume d=2b b=0.5d
Mu=Փfc'wbd²(1-0.59w)
bd²= 32981539.65595
4b³= 32981539.65595
b³= 8245384.913988
b= 202.0243158814 mm
say b= 210 mm
d= 420 mm
total depth= (d+(diameter of bars/2)+clearcover+diameter of stirrups)
total depth= 488 mm
say total depth= 490 mm
effective depth "d" = total depth - (diameter of bars/2)-clearcover-diameter of stirrups
d= 422mm

Therefore use:
b= 210mm
D= 490mm
210mm x 490mm
Reinforce Concrete Beam 422mm
(Effective Depth)

(Clear cover) 40mm

210mm
(Width of Beam)

For Deflection
Gross moment of inertia: (Ig)

Ig=bh³/12
Ig= 2058857500 mm⁴

Location of neutral axis for cracked transform section

 Assume n= 8
nAs= n(3.14/4)*diaBar^2*NumberOfBars
nAs= 16286.01631621
bx(x/2)=nAs(d-x)
1 X² 155.1049 X -65454.2751
X= 189.7837696144 mm

Cracked Moment of Inertia : (Icr) `

Icr=bx³/3 + nAS(d-x)²
Icr= 1356705916.609 mm⁴
Cracked Moment
fr=0.62*ƛ*√fc'
ƛ= 1
fr= 2.841196930873 Mpa
fr=(Mcrϒt)/Ig
Mcr= 23875998.40859 N.mm
Mcr= 23.87599840859 KN.m

Maximum moment in member at stage deflection: Ma

Ma= MDL+MLL
Ma= 114.2353825333 KN.m
Effective moment of Inertia:
Ie=(Mcr/Ma)³*Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)³)*Icr
Ie= 1363116736.598 mm⁴ < Ig2058857500mm
Therefore use: 1363116736.598 mm4
Modulus of elasticity of concrete:
Ec=4700*√(𝑓𝑐′)
Ec= 21538.10576629 Mpa
Due to dead load in KN/m
DL= 20 KN/m Immediate deflection due to Sustain loads :
Δ₁=5WL⁴/384EcIe (Simple Span) Δ₁= 11.495642
Δ₁= 11.49564176843 mm Total deflection after number of years/months: 5 years
Due to live load in KN/m λӆ= ζ /1+50(p') λӆ= 0.9308452
LL= 10 KN ζ= 2
Δ₂=5WL⁴/384EcIe ***(Simple Span supported beam)
Δ₂= 0 mm Total deflection after number of years:
Δ₂=PL³/48(Ec)(Ie) ***(Concentrated Load P at midspan fo a simple supported beam)
Δ₂= 0 mm
Δ₂=Pa²b²/3(Ec)(Ie)(L) ***(Concentrated Load at any point of a simply supported beam)
Δ₂= 1.21106349E-06 mm
ΔT=Δ₁+Δ₂ = 11.49564297949 mm
Instantaneous Deflection = 11.496 mm
=P 16 KN
For Shear Reinforcement: a =4 m b =2 m
Actual WB= (2.4kg/m²)g(Db)/1000
Actual WB= 2422.6776 N/m 26.907 KN/m
Actual WB= 2.4226776 KN/m A B
WDL= 1.2*(DL+Actual WB) L= 6m
WDL= 26.90721312 KN/m
WLL= 1.6*LL LL=(concentrated load anywhere on the beam)
WLL= 16 KN
fyt= 270 Mpa
**computed reactions on A & B
RA= 86.057 KN
RB= 91.391 KN
Maximum shear force at critical section:
Vu=RA-Wud
Vu= 74.70215606336 KN
Shear strength for concrete beam:
Vc=0.17ƛ√(𝑓𝑐′)bwd
Vc= 69038.33587479 N
Vc= 69.03833587479 KN
Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement (stirrups)
Vs=(Vu/ᴓ)-Vc ᴓ=0.75
Vs= 30.56453887636 KN = 30570 N
Spacing of the two(2) 10mm diameter of reinforcements
S=Avfytd/Vs
fyt=Vs/Avn
fyt=
Av=(3.14/4)*Dia of stirrups^2*2
Av= 157.0796326795 mm²
Av= 157
S=Avfytd/Vs
S= 585.16781158
S= 580
Use Max.S=d/2
Maximum spacing of stirrups
Maximum S=d/2 nor 600mm if Vs<0.33 √(𝑓𝑐′) bd
Vs<0.33√(𝑓𝑐′) bd
0.33√(𝑓𝑐′)bd= 134015.6
Vs= 30570 N
Use Max.S=d/2

Max S= 211 mm o.c

Max S= 210 mm o.c
Beam

Mpa a= 4m
Mpa b= 2m
=P 10 KN
for fc'≤28Mpa
a =4 m b =2 m

=L 6 m
Live load for concentrated load on a beam
10mm
490mm (Total Depth)

10mm (Diameter of Stirrups)

 5 years or more= 2.0
12 months=1.4
6 months=1.2
3 months=1
22.19631
 Analysis of T-Bea
USD Metho

Finding the Actual Required Area of Steel

Input Data bw= 300 mm bf=
d= 550 mm
t= 100 mm t=
fc'= 28 Mpa 100mm
fy= 414 Mpa
Span of ea 4.8 m 450mm
Spacing Between Beam o.c.= 3 m
bf= 1200 mm
MD= 400 KN.m
ML= 500 KN.m As
Mu=1.2MD+1.6ML= Mu= KN.m

bw=
Finding the Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Concrete T-Beam
Input Data As= 3695 mm²
Span of each Beam= m Use: 3695 mm²
Spacing Between Beam o.c.= m db(mm) N(bars)
bf= 1520 mm 12 32.67097304
bw= 250 mm 16 18.377422335
d= 610 mm 20 11.761550294
t= 102 mm 22 9.7202894996
fc' 20.7 Mpa 25 7.5273921885
fy 345 Mpa 28 6.0007909666
32 4.5943555838
Therefore the Ultimate moment Capacity of the Concrete T-Beam, Mu 36 3.6301081156
Mu= 672.5084 KN.M
s of T-Beam
USD Method

1200mm Therefor Use: 6867.599 mm²

db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
12 60.7229083910282 61 6898.937
16 34.1566359699534 35 7037.168
20 21.8602470207701 22 6911.504
22 18.0663198518762 19 7222.522
d= 550mm 25 13.9905580932929 14 6872.234
28 11.153187255495 12 7389.026
32 8.53915899248834 9 7238.229
As 36 6.74698982122535 7 7125.132

The N.A. is on the Flange, Therefore, the Beam behaves as Rectangular Beam
Required 6867.59914461097 mm²
300mm

N(bars) Actual As (mm²)

33 3732.212
19 3820.177
12 3769.911
10 3801.327
8 3926.991
7 4310.265
5 4021.239
4 4071.504
 Actual As (mm²)

as Rectangular Beam
 T-Beam Desig

Input Data Input Data

bw= 300 mm bw= 200 mm
d= 550 mm d= 300 mm
t= 100 mm t= 102 mm
fc'= 28 Mpa fc'= 20.7 Mpa
fy= 414 Mpa fy= 414 Mpa
Span of ea 4.8 m bf= 813 mm
Spacing Between Beam o.c 3 m Mu= 221 KN.m
bf=(1/4)of span of 1200 mm
bf=bw+8t(2)=
1900 mm
bf=spacing of beams center to center= 3000 mm
bf= 1200 mm
MD= 400 KN.m
ML= 500 KN.m
Solution: Solution:
Finding the Actual required Area of Steel Finding the Actual required Area of Steel
Mu=1.2MD+1.6ML= If the Entire Flange is in Compression
Mu= 1280 KN.m C1=0.85*fc'Af ≤
ß1=0.85 if fc' 28Mpa
At Balanced Condition: C1= 1459082.97 ß1=0.85-(0.05/7)(fc'-s8)
Mu=ᴓ0.85*fc'bfa(d-(a/2)) ᴓ= 0.9 Mu1=ᴓC1(d-t/2) ᴓ= 0.9
49797.7 -550 0.5 Mu1= 326980493.58 N.mm ß1=
X= 1000.449 99.55066 326.9805 > 221
a= 99.55066 < 100 Assumption Correct **'a' falls within the flange
c=a/ß1 ß1=0.85 if fc' ≤ 28Mpa Mu=ᴓ0.85fc'abf(d-a/2)
ß1=0.85-(0.05/7)(fc'-28) 17166.03 -300 0.5
ß1= 0.85 535.9405 64.059470095
c= 117.1184 mm a= 64.059470095
Es=0.003((d-x)/x) (C=T)
Es= 0.013574 0.85*fc'abf=Asfy
Ey=fy/200000 As= 2213.4148404
Ey= 0.00207 Balanced steel ratio
The Beam is under-reinforced, therefore the neutral axis falls on the flange pb=0.85fc'B1(600)/fy(600+fy)
Assume(fs=fy) pb= 0.0213757396
C=T (fs=fy) pmax=0.75pb
0.85*fc'abf=Asfy pmax= 0.0160318047 p<pmax(ok)
As= 6867.553 mm² pmin=1.4/fy
Balanced steel ratio pmin= 0.0033816425 p>pmin(ok)
pb=0.85fc'B1(600)/fy(600+fy) p=As/bd
pb= 0.028914 p= 0.0090750916
Maximum steel ratio Required As= 2213.4148404
pmax=0.75pb db(mm) N(bars) N(bars)
pmax= 0.021686 12 19.570884054 20
Minimum steel ratio 16 11.00862228 12
pmin=1.4/fy 20 7.0455182594 8
pmin= 0.003382 22 5.8227423631 6
p=As/bd 25 4.509131686 5
p= 0.010405 28 3.5946521732 4
pmin < p <pmax (under-reinforced) 32 2.7521555701 3
Es=0.003((d-c)/c) 36 2.1745426727 3
Es= 0.011088
Ey=fy/200000
Ey= 0.00207
Assumption Correct : fs=fy

Required As=
As= 6867.553
For Actual As
db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
22 18.0662 19 7222.522
25 13.99046 14 6872.234
28 11.15311 12 7389.026
32 8.539101 9 7238.229
36 6.746944 7 7125.132
eam Design

Input Data
bw= 300 mm
d= 550 mm
t= 100 mm
fc'= 28 Mpa
fy= 414 Mpa
Span of each 4.8 m
Spacing Between Beams o.c.= 3 m
bf=(1/4)of span of be 1200
bf=bw+8t(2)=
1900
bf=spacing of beams O.C. 3000
bf= 1200 mm
MD= 400 KN.m
ML= 500 KN.m
Solution:
Finding the Actual required Area of Steel
Mu=1.2MD+1.6ML=
Mu= 1280 KN.m
If the Entire Flange is in Compression
C1=0.85*fc'Af
0.85 C1= 2856000 N
Mu1=ᴓC1(d-t/2) ᴓ= 0.9
Mu1= 1.29E+09 N.mm
1285.2 > 1280
The N.A. is on the Flange, Therefore, the Beam behaves as Rectangular Beam
Mu=ᴓ0.85fc'abf(d-a/2)
49797.7 -550 0.5
Mu=Mu1+Mu2
Mu2=Mu-Mi1
Mu2= -5.2 KN.m
Mu2=ᴓC2 ((d-t)-(z/x))
Mu2=ᴓ0.85*fc'bwz((d-t)-(z/2))
-809.2126 -450 0.5
901.7947 -1.794671
p<pmax(ok) z= -1.794671 mm
a=t+z
p>pmin(ok) a= 98.20533 mm
 c=a/B1
c= 115.5357 mm
C2=0.85fc'bwz
Actual As (mm²) C2= -12813.95413106 N
2261.947 C=C1+C2
2412.743 C= 2843186.0458689 N
2513.274 Assume(fs=fy)
2280.796 C=T (fs=fy)
2454.369 Asfy=C
2463.009 As= 6867.599144611 mm²
2412.743 Check for minimum and maximum requirements
3053.628 pmin=1.4/fy
pmin= 0.0033816425121
p=As/bwd p>pmin(ok)
p= 0.0104054532494
pmax=0.75pb
pb=0.85fc'B1(600)/fy(600+fy)
pb= 0.0289140439642
pmax= 0.0216855329732
a=0.85*((600*d)/(fy+600))
a= 276.62721893491 > t
Asmax= 0.75*((0.85*fc'*((bf*t)+(a-t)*300)/400)
Asmax= 7719.597 mm² > 6867.599 mm²

Therefor Use: 6867.599 mm²

db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
12 60.722908391028 61 6898.937467283
16 34.156635969953 35 7037.167544041
20 21.86024702077 22 6911.503837898
22 18.066319851876 19 7222.521510603
25 13.990558093293 14 6872.233929728
28 11.153187255495 12 7389.025921243
32 8.5391589924883 9 7238.229473871
36 6.7469898212254 7 7125.132138342
Input Data
bf= 1520 mm ß1=0.85 if fc' ≤ 28Mpa
bw= 250 mm ß1=0.85-(0.05/7)(fc'-s8)
d= 610 mm ß1= 0.85
t= 102 mm
As1= 3695 mm² Span of each Bea
As2= 0 mm² Spacing Between Beam o.c.=
fc' 20.7 Mpa bf=(1/4)of span of bea
fy 345 Mpa bf=bw+8
d'= mm bf=spacing of beams O.C.=

Solution:
Finding the Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Concrete T-Beam
Solve for the area of concrete under compression, Ac
(C=T)
0.85*fc'Ac=Asfy
Ac= 72450.98 mm² a= 47.66512
Flange area, Af=bf*t) The N.A. is on the flange, therefore, the beam behaves as rectan
Af= 155040 mm² ß1=0.85 if fc' ≤ 28Mpa
Thus a<t ᴓ= 0.9 ß1=0.85-(0.05/7)(fc'-s8)
Ac=bfa ß1= 0.85
a= 47.66512 mm c=(a/ß1)
Mu=ᴓ((T(d-a/2))+(T2(d-d'))) c= 56.07661
Mu= 6.73E+08 N.mm fs'=fs=600*(d-c/c)
Mu= 672.5084 KN.m fs'=fs= 5926.785
Check: a<t (ok) Tension & Compression steel yields
T1=As1fy T2=As2fy

If Ac>Af then the N.A. is on the web, therefore, the beam behaves as T-Beam
Ac=2b'(t)+bwa b'= 635 mm
a= 47.66512
c=a/ß1
c= 56.07661 fs'=fs=600*(d-c/c)
fs'=fs= 5926.785
 Tension & Compression steel yields
Mu=ᴓ((T(d-a/2))+(T2(d-d')))
Mu= 6.73E+08 N.mm
Mu= 672.5084 KN.m

fs'=600(d-c)/c
fs'= 2256.26
Compression steel yields
 0
0
0
1882
0

beam behaves as rectangular beam

 REINFORCED C

Input Data
400mm
Axial Dead Load 1070 KN
Axial Live Load 980 KN
fc' 27.5 Mpa
fy 413.5 Mpa
Steel ratio "pg" 3 %
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars 28 Ǿmm
Diameter of Tie wire 10 Ǿmm
Clear cover 40 mm
N 1layer bars= 3
Tota
Tied Column Dimentions: L mm Total Steel Bar Ar
W mm
Spiral Column Diameter D mm Clear Spacing between
Factored axial Load Pu= KN N 1l
Total Axial Capacity of the Column=

For Tied Column For Spiral Column

pg=As/Ag ᴓ= 0.65 Pu=1.2DL+1.6LL ᴓ= 0.75
Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-As)+Asfy) Pu= 2852 KN
Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-pgAg)+pgAgfy) Ag= 127533.8
Pu=1.2DL+1.6LL ΠD²/4= 127533.8
Pu= 2852 KN D= 402.9653
Ag=Pu/0.80ᴓ(0.85fc'(1-pg)+fypg) say D= 400 mm
Ag= 156351.505815 Ag=ΠD²/4
t²= 156351.505815 Ag= 125663.7
t= 395.413082504 As= 3938.062
say t= 400 mm N*(Π(diaBar)²/4)=As
use= 400 mm x 400 mm N Bars= 6.395531
Ag= 160000 Say N Bars= 7
Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-As)+Asfy)
Ag1= 0 Spacing of the spiral bars: 10mm
As= 4471.939 mm² Dc= D-(ClearCover2)
 N Bars= 7.2625639939 Dc= 320 mm
Say N= 8 ps=0.45(Ag/Ac - 1)fc'/fy
Clear Spacing between Bars: ps= 0.016834
S=4As(Dc-dB)/Dc²ps
X X X S= 56.49622
X= 62.67mm Say S= 50
Say S= 60
X X
X= 108mm Total Axial Capacity of the Column
Nbottom bar3 C1=As(fy-0.85fc')
X= 108mm C1= 1681542 N
Spacing of tie wires: 10 Ǿ mm C2=0.85*fc'Ag
S=48*(tie diameter)= 480 mm C2= 2937389 N
S=16*(bar diameter)= 448 mm Ctotal= 4618.931 KN
S=Least dimention= 400 mm
Use S= 400 mm

Total Axial Capacity of the Column

C1=As(fy-0.85fc')
C1= 1921762.49168 N
C2=0.85*fc'Ag
C2= 3740000 N
Ctotal= 5661.76249168 KN

****MADE&EDITEDBY:PACULANANG,KELLY***
EINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

7 - 28 mm bars

10mm
.
10mm
400mm 320 mm
400 mm

8 - 28 mm bars

40 mm 40 mm

Tota 160000 mm² Total

125663.7
Areamm²
Column=
Total Steel Bar Ar 4926.0173 mm² Total Steel Bar Are 4310.265 mm²
400 mm S= 50 mm S=
Clear Spacing between 108mm 60 mm
3 N 1layer bars= Total Axial Capacity of the 4618.931 KN
acity of the Column= 5661.7625 KN
 Reinforced Concrete Beam Design
Simple Supported beam

Input data

L 5 m 5000 mm
fy 415 N/mm²
fc' 28 N/mm²
LL 14 Kn/m
DL 18 Kn/m
Layer of compressive bars
Pu 160 Kn
Mpu 200 Kn/m
Wb 6.4 Kn/m
Wu 51.68 Kn/m

Stirrup
Mu 361.5 kN*m 361500000 N*mm
Assume Steel ratio : p=0.7pmax Second layer of tensile bars
pmax=0.75pb
pmin= 1.4/𝑓𝑦 = 0.0033735 First layer of tensile bars

(0.85𝑓𝑐^′
pb= 𝐵^1 (600))/(𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)) b
320 mm
pb = 0.02881595
B¹ = 0.85
pmax= 0.02161197
p= 0.01512838

use p= 0.01512838 0.01513

w= 0.22422414

bd² 73731304
b(1.5b)² 32769469
b 320.004781 320
d 480.007171 480

Check minimum thikness:

312.5 mm
OK
Required Area of Steel
 2323.968 mm²
Density of Concrete= 2400 kg/m³ 0.85
Actual Weight of Beam
368640000
f compressive bars

d layer of tensile bars

yer of tensile bars

 REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUM

Input Data
Short Tied Column
Axial Dead Load 650 KN Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-As)+Asfy)
Axial Live Load 800 KN pg=As/Ag ᴓ= 0.65
fc' 28 Mpa As=pgAg
fy 400 Mpa Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-pgAg)+pgAgfy)
steel ratio 2% Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*Ag(0.85fc'(1-pg)+pgfy)
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars 20 Ǿmm Pu=
Diameter of Tie wire 10 Ǿmm
Clear cover 40 mm Ag=Pu/0.8ᴓ(0.85fc'(1-pg)+fypg)
Pu=1.2DL+1.6LL
Pu= 2060 KN
360 mm Ag= 126469.75040028
t²= 126469.75040028
10 mm t= 355.62585732801
360 t= 360
360 mm Ag= 126469.75040028 N=
Pu= 2060000 N=
8 - 20 mm bars Ag= 129600
As= 2331.3622050464

40 mm S=48*(tie diameter) =
X X
X= 100 mm S=16*(bar diameter) =
S=Least dimention =
Use=

Axial Dead Load 1070 KN Spiral column

Axial Live Load 980 KN Pu=1.2DL+1.6LL ᴓ=
fc' 27.5 Mpa Pu= 2852 KN
fy 413.5 Mpa Ag=Pu/(0.85ᴓ*(0.85fc'*(1-Pg)+fy*Pg))
steel ratio 3% Ag= 125279.786 mm²
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars 28 Ǿmm ΠD²/4= 125279.786 mm²
Diameter of Tie wire 10 Ǿmm D= 399.38850435361
Clear cover 40 mm say D= 400 mm
Ag=ΠD²/4
Ag= 125663.70614359
Pu=ᴓ*0.85*(0.85fc'(Ag-As)+Asfy)
7 - 28 mm bars As= 3938.0617983714
ΠD²/4*N=As
 N= 6.3955306266547
.
say N= 7

400 mm 320 mm Dc= 320 mm

ps=0.45(Ag/Ac - 1)fc'/fy
ps= 0.0168341898428
S=4As(Dc-dB)/Dc²ps
S= 56.496219739115
say= 50
say= 60
CRETE COLUMNS

3961538.46153846 3084480 23.8 400

877058.461538462 376.2
As= 2331.362 mm²
314.159265358979
7.42095638141516
8 7

480 mm
320 mm
360 mm
320 mm o.c.

0.75
#NAME?

4473725.49019608
2937389.13110646
23.375
413.5