1. Differentiate and Explain the ff.

a. Two methods in Time Sharing System

-Batch processing
 Is the processing of transactions in a group or batch. No user interaction is required
once batch processing is underway. This differentiates batch processing from
transaction processing, which involves processing transactions one at a time and requires
user interaction
-Time slice
It is timeframe for which process is allotted to run in preemptive multitasking CPU. The
scheduler runs each process every single time-slice. The period of each time slice can be
very significant and crucial to balance CPUs performance and responsiveness. If time slice is
quite short, scheduler will take more processing time. In contrast, if the time slice is too
long, scheduler will again take more processing time.
b. GUI from Shell
-GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. GUI permits users to use the graphics to interact
with an operating system. In graphical user interface, menus are provided such as: windows,
scrollbars, buttons, wizards, painting pictures, alternative icons etc. It’s intuitive, simple to
find out and reduces psychological feature load. In GUI, the information is shown or
presented to the user in any form such as: plain text, videos, images, etc.
-Shells provide a command-line interface (CLI) to the operating system, CLI permits users to
put in writing commands associate degree exceedingly in terminal or console window to
interact with an operating system. CLI is a platform or medium wherever users answer a
visible prompt by writing a command and get the response from system, for users have to
be compelled to kind command or train of command for performing the task. CLI is suitable
for the pricey computing wherever input exactitude is that the priority.
2. Explain the three Operating System Objectives
a. Manage the computer's resources- to act as an intermediary between the hardware and its
users, making it easier for the users to access and use other resources.
b. Establish a user interface- To provide users a convenient interface to use the computer
system
c. Execute and provide services for applications software- To make the computer system
convenient to use in an efficient manner.
3. Define OS as an Extended Machine and as an Resource Manager.
a. Os as an Extended Machine- the architecture (instruction set, memory, I/O, and bus
structure) of most computers at the machine level language is primitive and awkward to
program, especially for input/output operations.
Users do not want to be involved in the programming of storage devices.
Moreover, Operating System provides a simple, high-level abstraction such that these
devices contain a collection of named files.
Such files consist of the useful piece of information like a digital photo, email messages, or
web page.
b. Os as an Resource Manager- a computer system has many resources (hardware and
software), which may be require to complete a task. The commonly required resources are
input/output devices, memory, file storage space, CPU etc. The operating system acts as a
manager of the above resources and allocates them to specific programs and users,
whenever necessary to perform a particular task. Therefore operating system is the
resource manager i.e. it can manage the resource of a computer system internally.