Q: Acid Test?

Harm Test: Will anybody lose out due to this

Publicity Test: Am I proud/ok if people knew I did this
Reversibility Test: Am I okay if I am the recipient of this action
Defensibility Test: Can I defend my action

Halal / Haram Test : Is it Halal /Haram

Q: Engineering?
- the application of science and math to solve problems

Q: Personal ethics?
- Morals and values he exhibit when dealing at personal level

Q: Engineering ethics?
- The rules and standards governing the conduct of engineers in their roles as professionals in an
organisational

Q: 2 attributes that distinguish Engineering as a profession and more than a job.

a professional has the following attributes

- work requires sophisticated skills, judgement and exercise of discretion
- work is not routine
- Membership in profession requires formal education and training

Q: Fundamental Principles of engineers? How many?

There are 4:-

1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare;
2. Being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity the public, their employers and
clients:
3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession; and
4. Supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines.
 Q: Fundamental canons? How many?
There are 7:-

1) Engineers shall hold paramount the SAFETY , HEALTH and WELFARE of the PUBLIC
in the performance of their professional duty
2) Engineers shall perform services only in the AREAS of their COMPENTENCE
3) Engineers shall only issue public statements only in an OBJECTIVE and TRUTHFUL
manner
4) Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as FAITHFUL
agents of TRUSTEES , and shall avoid conflicts of Interest
5) Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the MERIT of their services
and shall not compete unfairly with others
6) Engineers shall act in such a manner as to UPHOLD and ENHANCE the honour,
integrity and dignity of the profession
7) Engineers shall CONTINUE their professional development throughout their careers
and shall provide opportunities for the professional developments of those
engineers under their supervisions.

Q: Ethics foundation are thrust, integrity values and virtues.

what are values, virtues? Differences?
- Values are standards/characteristics that are considered meritorious, important or desirable.
- Virtues are character traits that motivated desirable actions and personal chosen reflection
of person´s character.
Difference:

- Value are more associated with organisation

- Virtue are more personal

Q: Ethical dilemma? 7 steps approach.

1) State problem
2) Check facts
3) Identify relevant factors, identify violations
4) Develop 5 options
5) Test options using acid test. harm test, publicity test, defensibility test, reversibility,
virtue, professional, business, organization test.
6) Make choice based on 1-5 steps
7) Review 1-6 to prevent it to happen again.

Environment ethics?
Q: Values relevant to unethical conduct.

Motivate Reject
Pleasure Honesty
Security Fairness
Efficiency Knowledge

Q: Sustainable development? Why?

- Development (Economic, Social and Environmental) that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.

Q: Why professional engineers must adhere to the highest principles of ethical conduct?
- Operates in remote area/new environment away from legislation.
- Planning for wise use of renewable and non-renewable natural resources.
Q: Law and ethics? Differences

Parameters Law Ethics

Source External Internal
Concerns Conduct and Actions Motive, attitude, culture
Interests Society Individual or
Organisation
Enforcements Courts Ethics Committee and professional
organizations

Q: Give circumstances when gifts and close friends can become a bribe.
- When a contractor gives or attempts to give a government servant/public body employee a
reward in exchange for a contract
- When a people in authority did not disclose/declare family relation when awarding
favourable action to that person which otherwise would not be entitled to
- When a person gives or attempting to give a government employee/public gratification as
reward for a favour/vote.
Q: Give all 5 attributes of an ethical leader. Explain.

1) Respect others
- show respect to all employees regardless of backgrounds
2) Serves others
- show willingness to render assistance.
3) Shows justice
- behave fairness especially in treating employees and others in sensitive situations
4) Manifests honesty
- must display integrity in every situation especially through leading by example
5) Builds community
- promotes openness and encourage interactions and communications within the
organisation and with key stakeholders.

Q: Ethical leadership. 6 ethical roles of a leader. Name them.

1.Setting goals and direct organisational planning

-R: setting organisational goals and direct organisational planning
-V: Leaders need to be diligent, thoughtful and have a vision for the future.

2.Establishing structure to meet organisational goals

-V: Ability to efficiently the uses of resources(financial, labour and raw materials)

3.Exercising power to efficiently facilitate delivery of goals

4.Serve as organisational spoke person
5.Directing performance of subordinates
6.Acting as role model for organisational values

Q: Behaviours that are punishable under Brunei legislation.

- Bribery
- Gambling
Q: Ethical approach?

1. Right approach
2. Duty approach
3. Utilitarian -the best solution, eventho have cons
4. Autonomy -full control
5. Consent -permission
6. Virtues -habit(moral)

Explain the most relevant type of Ethical Approaches that have been adopted for the ethical
dilemmas.

- Name and explain the approach

- Give example of conflict that adopted this approach/rationale for approach
- Offer alternative solutions to resolve conflicts

Using quick acid test, explain how the following are ethical dilemmas and what actions should be.

- Conduct the quick acid test/explain result

- State action taken and offer rationale
- Offer alternatives to resolve dilemma

The outcome result of harm test will be mostly negative(not favourable). Thus,….it is unethical.
Which I cannot be seen tolerating nor condoning.
Punch in on behalf = fraud act, breach of thrust. The company will lost productivity hours while he is
not on seat.

Action

- I will politely decline since it is unethical act and is illegal and may be against law.
- I would offer instead that I will inform our supervisor that he would be late that morning due
to his children errands commitment.

Alternative

- If this is the first time, I would suggest informing the supervisor as soon as possible where he
would offer to compensate by going home later in the day.
 - If this is a routine recurring event, I would suggest that he make an alternative arrangement
for his children by carpooling etc

Whistle Blowing
- is act by an employee of informing the public or higher management of unethical
behaviour by an employer or supervisor. Either anonymous or acknowledged

Whistle blowing conditions:-

1) Need. Clear and important harm can be avoided by blowing whistle
2) Proximity. Clear position to report on the problem. Hearsay is not adequate
3) Capability. Reasonable chance of success in stopping the harmful activity
4) Last Resort. No one else more appropriate and all other lines of action within
shutoff