POKHARA UNIVERSITY

Level: Bachelor Semester – Spring Year: 2020

Programme: BE Full Marks: 70
Course: Fluid Mechanics Pass Mark : 31.5
Time: 2 hrs
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Attempt all the questions.

1 How do you apply the knowledge of fluid mechanics on Civil Engineering? Explain it 4+6
with appropriate example. Determine (PA-PC) and express them in kN/m2.

2 The length of a divergent outlet part in a Venturimeter is usually made longer compared 4+6
with that of the converging inlet part, Explain it? A reservoir discharges through a sluice
0.915m wide by 1.22 m deep. The top of the opening is 0.61m below the water level in
the reservoir and the downstream water level is below the bottom of the opening. Calculate
(a) the discharge through the opening if Cd = 0.60; and (b) percentage error if the opening
is treated as a small orifice.
3 Define continuity equation and its application in Civil Engineering with appropriate 5+5
example. A cylindrical tank 0.8 m high and 0.5 m diameter is filled completely with water.
If it is rotated at a speed of 120 rpm, how many litres of water will be spilled out?
4 Explain the meaning of various heads used in Bernoulli’s equation. Find the bed slope of 4+6
trapezoidal channel of bed width 3 m, depth of water 2.5 m and side slope of 2 horizontal
to 3 vertical, when the discharge through the channel is 10 m3/s. Taking the value of
N=0.03 in Manning’s formula.
OR
Explain the importance of Bernoulli’s equation on Fluid Mechanics. Also explain the
laboratory procedure to compute the total heads at different points in a venturimeter and
verify the Bernoulli’s theorem.
5 What do you understand by the pressure diagram? Explain it with appropriate example. 5+5
Find an expression for the drag force on smooth sphere which is moving with uniform
velocity V in a fluid of dynamic viscosity μ and density ρ. Assume diameter of the sphere
is D.
 Group B: 1*20=20
6 Explain the significance of centre of pressure for the stability of the floating ship. A 4+6
triangular gate which has base of 2.0 m and an altitude of 2.5 m lies in vertical plane. The
vortex of the gate is 1 m below the surface of the tank which contains oil of specific gravity
0.8. Find the total force exerted by the oil on the gate and position of centre of pressure.
7 Describe the application of boundary layer concept in civil engineering. The diameter of 4+6
a pipe gradually reduces from 1.5 m to 0.7 m. The pressure intensity at the centre-line of
1.5 m section 7.848 KN/m2 and rate of flow of water through the pipe is 600 l/s. Find the
intensity of pressure at the centre-line of 0.7 m section. Also determine the force exerted
by the flowing water on transition of the pipe.