Nanotechnology

Group

Group 2
 Nanotechnology….?
• Nanotechnology is engineering at the molecular
(groups of atoms) level
• It is the collective term for a range of
technologies, techniques and processes that
involve the manipulation of matter at the
smallest scale (from 1 to 100 nm 2)

W
With
ith15,342
15,342atoms,
atoms,this
thisparallel-shaft
parallel-shaftspeed
speedreducer
reducergear
gearisisone
oneof
of
the
thelargest
largestnanomechanical
nanomechanicaldevices
devicesever
evermodeled
modeled
 Nanotechnology: Size and Scale
100µm
Human Hair 75 µm
Plant and Animal Cells
10µm

Most Bacteria 0.18µm

1µm
Feature Size

Lysozyme

100nm Transistor
Virus
Nanotechnology
10nm
Proteins
Carbon
1nm Nano-tubes

0.1nm Atoms Cooper, 2001

 History of nanotechnology
Norio Taniguchi
introduced the term
‘nanotechnology’

In 1959 Richrad Feynman

presented ideas for creating
Nano scale machines 1980s, development in this field was
greatly enhanced with advances in
electron microscopy
 Approaches in nanotechnology
Top-down Approach Bottom-up Approach

Creating Nano-scale materials Assembling Nano materials

by physically or chemically atom-by-atom or molecule-by
breaking down larger materials molecule (self assembling)
Aspects of nanotechnology
 Nano materials
Nano powders - building blocks of nano materials
(particles less than 100 nm in size)

The scale of
nanopowders
Nanoparticles of gold for
Porous metallic new catalysts
‘nanocubes’
store large amounts of H2
www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology
 Carbon
nanotubes
(sensors, fuel cells,
computers
and televisions)

Nano membrane
filtration systems
(safe, clean,
 Molecular electronic
‘cross bar latches’
(tiny Nano devices)

Quantum
dots and

artificial atoms
(small devices that
 Nanotechnology applications
Medicine
Medicine Energy
Energy
Ex.
Ex. Nano
Nano biotechnology
biotechnology ex.
ex. Renewable
Renewable
energy
energy

Electronics
Electronics and
and
information
information
technologies
technologies
 Chemistry
Chemistry and
and Consumer
Consumergoods
goods
Environment
Environment

Military
Military and
and
security
security
applications
applications
 Stages of Nanotechnology
Agrifood applicatinos currently in
passive to early “active” stage

Active
Nanostructures
Transistors
Targeted drugs
Adaptive
Systems of Molecular
structures
Nanosystems Nanosystems
Passive
Robotics Molecules by
Nanostructures
3D networks design
Coatings,
Guided Evolutionary
polymers,ceramic
assemblers systems
s

2001 2005 2010 2020

Nanotechnology in Agriculture
Animal
Animalor
or Plant Animal
Plant
Plant Health
Health production Production
Ex:
Ex:Detect
Detect Ex: Delivery of DNA Ex: Nano tube sensors
pathogens
pathogens to plants to detect hormone
level changes
 Agrochemical
Ex: Nanoparticles In food Sensing
in pesticides industry Ex: Detect
chemicals or food
borne pathogen

Convergence Packaging
Ex: Prevent or Safety
Nano-Geo-(Bio)- respond to
Info technology spoilage
Nanotechnology in SL; At a glance……

2006 - Sri Lanka’s National

Nanotechnology Initiative
(SLNNI)
2008  Establishment of
NANCO (Pvt) Ltd
Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (Pvt) Ltd. (SLINTEC)

 Merger of NANCO (Pvt) Ltd. and SLINTEC (Pvt) Ltd.

Establishment of
 A world class Nanotechnology Laboratory
 Establishment of a Nanoscience Park
 Health and environmental impacts

Health risks
Medical application of nanoparticles
 ex: enhance drug delivery

Some nanoparticles —freely mobile

 Negative health and environmental
impacts
 USA - In 2004
Highest US$ 4
investor & billion
patent holder worldwide

From today to
11
tomorrow…..
ecrep j
fotn sbo
Leading
g
lyabol countries
Japan,
Western
Europe Source: Lux Research 2008
 References……..

1. Chen et al.,2007. Manufacturing at the Nanoscale. National

Nanotechnology Initiative Workshop Report. Science and Technology
Council Committee on Technology. National Science Foundation.
Retrieved March 3, 2012, from
http://www.nano.gov/NNI-Manufacturing-at-the-Nanoscale.pdf.

2. Hood, E. 2004. Nanotechnology : Looking as we leap. Environment

Health Perspect. Retrieved March 3, 2012 from
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.112-9740
3. National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) US Department of
Agriculture (USDA), 2009. Nanotechnology for Food and Agriculture
Industry. Retrieved March 5, 2012 from
http://www.google.lk/#hl=en&output=search&sclient=psy-
ab&q=Nanotechnology.

4. Interfaculty Environmental Science Department (IVAM) of the University

of Amsterdam, Special report 3/30, Buying the nano-market. Retrived
March 9 2012, from http://www.google.lk/#hl=en&sclient=psy-
ab&q=Lux+Research.+2008.