Catherine C Pascua

Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular

scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology[1][2] referred to the particular
technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale
products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology

In the International System of Units, the prefix "nano" means one-billionth, or 10-9; therefore
one nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. 

Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the nanoscale, at dimensions between
approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.
Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging,
measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.

Nanotechnologies involve designing and producing objects or structures at a very small scale, on the
level of 100 nanometres (100 millionth of a millimetre) or less. Nanomaterials are one of the main
products of nanotechnologies – as nano-scale particles, tubes, rods, or fibres. Nanoparticles are
normally defined as being smaller that 100 nanometres in at least one dimension.

Synthetically produced nanoparticles play an important role in nanotechnology. They are the basis for many
applications currently being used on a large scale, and they have a great potential in the development of new
materials.

Metal nanoclusters consist of a small number of atoms, at most in the tens. These nanoclusters can
be composed either of a single or of multiple elements, and typically measure less than 2 nm. Such
nanoclusters exhibit attractive electronic, optical, and chemical properties compared to their larger
counterparts.

Nanomaterials and/or nanoparticles are used in a broad spectrum of applications. Today they are contained
in many products and used in various technologies. Most nanoproducts produced on an industrial scale are
nanoparticles, although they also arise as byproducts in the manufacture of other materials. Most
applications require a precisely defined, narrow range of particle sizes (monodispersity).
Specific synthesis processes are employed to produce the various nanoparticles, coatings, dispersions or
composites.Defined production and reaction conditions are crucial in obtaining such size-dependent particle
features. Particle size, chemical composition, crystallinity and shape can be controlled by temperature, pH-
value, concentration, chemical composition, surface modifications and process control.
Two basic strategies are used to produce nanoparticles: 'top-down' and 'bottom-up'. The term 'top-down'
refers here to the mechanical crushing of source material using a milling process. In the 'bottom-up' strategy,
structures are built up by chemical processes (Figure 1). The selection of the respective process depends on
the chemical composition and the desired features specified for the nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology Applications in:

1 Medicine 2 Electronics 3 Food 4 Fuel Cells 5 Solar Cells 6 Batteries 7 Space 8 Fuels

9 Better Air Quality 10 Better Water Quality

The American physicist Richard Feynman lectured, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," at an
American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959, which is often held to have
provided inspiration for the field of nanotechnology. Feynman had described a process by which the
ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules might be developed, using one set of precise tools
to build and operate another proportionally smaller set, so on down to the needed scale. In the course
of this, he noted, scaling issues would arise from the changing magnitude of various physical
phenomena: gravity would become less important, surface tension and Van der Waals attraction would
become more important

Activities in France include the SCS cluster in Sophia Antipolis, the Systematic cluster in the Paris region,
and the global micro-nanotechnology cluster Minalogic in Grenoble. Among the initiatives in Germany is
the German Government's Nano-initiative, which includes NanoMobil (for the automobile industry);
NanoLux (for the optical industry); NanoFab (for the electronics industry); Nano for Life (for life science
industries); and Nano in Production (for nano materials production). Activities in Japan have been led by
MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and METI (Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry). Among their many projects is the creation of the Nanotechnology Researchers
Network.

Nanotechnology is being used in developing countries to help treat disease and prevent health issues.
The umbrella term for this kind of nanotechnology is Nanomedicine. Nanotechnology is also being
applied to or developed for application to a variety of industrial and purification processes. Purification
and environmental cleanup applications include the desalination of water, water filtration, wastewater
treatment, groundwater treatment, and other nanoremediation. In industry, applications may include
construction materials, military goods, and nano-machining of nano-wires, nano-rods, few layers of
graphene,[3] etc. Also, recently a new field arisen from the root of Nanotechnology is called
Nanobiotechnology. Nanobiotechnology is the biology-based, application-oriented frontier area of
research in the hybrid discipline of Nanoscience and biotechnology with an equivalent contribution.[4]

Scientists have identified for the first time a mechanism by which nanoparticles cause lung damage and
have demonstrated that it can be combated by blocking the process involved, taking a step toward
addressing the growing concerns over the safety of nanotechnology.

Countries that are active in nanotechnology

1 USA 2 South Korea 3 Japan 4 China 5 Taiwan 6 Germany 7 France 8 UK 9 Netherlands 10

Canada

Yes, Philippines is active in nanotechnology

Companies that are involve in nanotechnology

10 Angstroms
3D Systems
3DIcon
3DM
4Wave
A & A Company.
Abeam Technologies
Accelergy
Accium
ACS Material

Movies that have nanotechnologies

1 Avengers Endgame The Nano Gauntlet was a glove made of nano-technology created by Tony Stark,
Bruce Banner, and Rocket Raccoon in 2023. It was designed to contain and allow the user to channel the
powers of the Infinity Stones in a manner similar to the Infinity Gauntlet, although the effects of
wielding it were far more damaging to the user than the Infinity Gauntlet.

2 Terminator: Dark Fate The terminator uses nanotechnology as body and weapons

3 Kingsman: The Golden Circle. How it works is that a bandage-like piece of tech is wrapped around the
victim's head, and two injectors are used to distribute Alpha Gel and nanotechnology known as nanites
to the injury through the bandage. As explained by Ginger, the gel protects what's left of the brain after
the headshot, and the nanites repair the tissue and rebuilt the brain's neural pathways. However, the
process isn't perfect and typically causes retrograde amnesia, which means the victim wakes up and has
reverted back to either early adulthood or childhood. In order to return the agent's memory, the
Statesman will use a past shock or trauma to trigger those memories

4 Avengers: Infinity War The suit of Tony Stark or the Ironman Is made by nanotechnology

5 GI JOE Nanomites, nano-mites or nanites are extremely microscopic robot forms usually measuring in
the incredible scale of nanometers. They have been used by both Joe and Cobra forces in their never-
ending battle to stop each other. Military use is not the only way to utilize these amazing machines as
there are also more beneficial applications such as in the field of medicine and construction.