Applied Behavioral Analysis

Application of Applied Behavioral Analysis Principle to Decrease the Hair

Touching Behavior in 23 year old Female Subject.

Written By:
Vardah Ahmed
Class and Section:
BS (Psychology) 8A

Instructor:
Ms. Farah Aftab
 AIM OF THE STUDY
…………………………………………………………………………………
The aim of the present study is to identify the function and decrease the target behavior i.e, to
decrease the excessive hair touching behavior through the application of applied behavioral analysis
principle.

……………………………………………………………………………..

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION.
……………………………………………………………………………..

The hair touching behavior for this study define as:

“Any instance when subject start to stroke head hair strand between fingers, twirl hair strand around
her fingers and wrapped the hair strand around the ear.”

……………………………………………………………………………..
 DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE CASE

Name: XY

Gender: Female

Age: 23 years 5 months

Date of Birth: 11 January 1997

Birth Order: Last born

Number of siblings: Two

Religion: Islam

Nationality: Pakistani

Family System: Nuclear

 CASE HISTORY

Subject was a 23 year old female belong to middle-middle class family. She is the last born and lives

in nuclear family system with her parents, sister-in-law and fifteen months old niece. She had one

elder brother around 12 years older than her who had passed away two years ago and had one elder

sister who was 8 year older than her and lives in Oman after her marriage. Her father worked as

goldsmith and her mother was a house wife. She was in the last semester of BS Psychology and

doing well in her studies.

Subject wants to change her excessive hair stroking behavior, which had been persisted since the age

of Twelve years. She wanted to decrease her behavior because it distract her from her academic work

or the leisure activity like watching movie, or playing game which require concentration like chess or

scrabble.
FUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR ASSESMENT:

The functional behavior assessment (FBA) was conducted in order to understand the factors which

are controlling the hair touching behavior.

FBA is a process used to assess the antecedent-consequence situation behind the hair touching

behavior in order to apply appropriate intervention to reduce the behavior. During the pre-

intervention phase, behavior was observed in two conditions; in first condition where subject was

alone with no possible chance of social consequences and in second condition she was observed

when subject was spending time with her one or more family member i.e, in the environment with a

chance of social consequences. It was found that most of the time she engage in behavior when

seated alone in a room and had no activity to do. Furthermore, when subject was having screen time

on smart phone, on television and on laptop, the occurrence of hair stroking behavior increases. It

was reported by subject she feels good and got an internal satisfaction when she stroke her hair

between her finger and because of it she get distracted easily while watching movie, using social

media or doing her academic task.

Overall it was observed that highest percentage interval of target behavior was recorded when subject

was alone. When spending time with family, the low percentage interval of target behavior was

recorded. Hence it could be concluded that behavior occur mostly out of boredom when subject has

no activity to do and the possible function is automatic reinforcing because behavior occur majorly in

the condition with no possible chance of social reinforcement and as reported by subject she found

hair touching behavior stimulating.

 METHOD AND PRECEDURE

 Subject and Target Behavior

______________________________________________________________
XY a 18 year old female university student had been chosen as a subject for current study. Subject wants to

reduce her nail biting behavior because because she believe it’s becoming problematic as she is starts having

pain in nail enamel and makes appearance of her hand look bad

 Setting
______________________________________________________________
Research was carried out in a home setting with two condition. In one condition subject was observed when

she was alone and in other setting where she was spending time with one or more of her family member.

Throughout the research, subject’s behavior was video recorded in order to reduce the chances of biasness.

Seven times a week, thirty minutes time for observation was decided. The time was kept constant throughout

the study in order to prevent the intervention of extraneous variable.

 Phases of Study
______________________________________________________________
The entire study was divided into three phases: Pre-intervention phase (baseline), Intervention phase and

Post-intervention phase. After a gap of six days, follow up observation was made. After a gap of 4 days

second follow-up observation was made.

1. Pre-intervention Phase:
For seven days, thirty minutes every day were decided for the baseline observation. During this time the

target behavior was assessed to determine the level of intensity before the intervention phase. The external

factors was also analyzed to identify the function of the behavior.

The data collection of nail biting behavior was collected through partial interval recording method extended

over a period of seven days. The thirty minutes of daily observation was broken into sixty equal intervals of

thirty seconds. During the condition duration, timer was used and subject’s was video recorded in order to

reduce the chances of biasness. As per operational definition, if subject found putting one or more [of the]

fingers in the mouth and biting on nail with teeth at the end of the interval, the plus (+) was marked, whereas

if the subject did not put one or more [of the] fingers in the mouth and biting on nail with teeth (-) was

marked. At the end of each day total number of plus mark will be divided by total number of intervals i.e., 60

and multiplied by 100 to calculate the estimated percentage of occurrence of nail biting behavior.

2. Intervention Phase:

In the second phase of the study, researcher had execute the treatment plan for 10 days in accordance with

the baseline observation and functional behavioral analysis.

Technique use for decreasing the target behavior was differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

(DRA) which was used to decrease the occurrence of behavior. Subject was instructed to play with slime

when she felt the urge to bite her nails. Playing with slime is a sensory activity and can serve as an

alternative stimulatory experience instead of nail biting. Subject was also given a rubber bracelet to wear and

play with it whenever she felt the urge to bite her nails. The reason for using DRA was to decrease the

behavior of nail biting. Along with it visual prompt and verbal prompts were used to control the occurrence

of target behavior. The visual prompt was symbol of cross over hand and pictures of nail art were pasted on

the wall of room where subject spend most of her and verbal prompt were word of acknowledgment like “oh

wow that’s nice”. The prompt had helped subject in reminding her not to bite nails. After fifth day researcher
had started to remove visual prompts gradually in order to remove the subject dependence on the prompt.

Pictures were taken to keep a record of nail growth and encourage subject.

During intervention phase, behavior was observed during whole 30 minutes, i.e. when subject was told to not

bite her nails while playing with slime while watching movies/shows. Its purpose was to see whether subject

engage in behavior during activity watching shows and playing with the slime.

3. Post-Intervention Phase:

Posy intervention session was lasted for 7 days with thirty minutes observation session. The recording

method used in this phase was same as the method used in pre-intervention phase to analyze the

improvement after the intervention of treatment.

4. Follow up:

Two follow-up observation was conducted in order to observe the generalizability of result after DRO

intervention. First follow-up session was conducted after six days of post-intervention phase and second

follow-up was held after the gap of four days.

RESULT:

After the extensive observation and data collection during the three phases of study, following results were

calculated.

1. Pre-intervention Phase:

The result of partial interval recording method for hair touching behavior is:

Days Setting total no of ¿ ¿

1 Alone (using cell phone) 95/%
2 Alone (using laptop 88.3%

watching movies)
3 While taking online class 51.6%
4 Sitting with family 40%
5 Alone (using laptop 86.6%

watching movies)
6 Alone (using cell phone) 90%
7 While taking online class 50%
Mean 71.64%
[Table 1.1]

On an average subject was found to be engage in hair touching behavior for 71.64% during the whole

observation ime. During the baseline data collection it was observed that percentage of occurrence of

behavior was high when subject spends time alone. The function of behavior came out to be an automatic

sensory stimulation majorly, as subject reported she feels good when she touch her hair.
 100% Baseline Observation Graph
90%

80%

70%
percentage of occurance

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7

[Graph 1.1]

2. Intervention Phase

Days Setting total no of ¿ ¿

1 Alone (using cell phone) 53.3%
2 Alone (watching movie 45%

on television)
3 Alone (using laptop) 51.6%
4 Tea time with mother 25%
5 Alone (using laptop) 48.3%
6 Alone (reading novel) 65%
7 Playing with her niece 23.3%
8 Alone (using cell phone) 50%
9 Alone (using cell phone) 36.6%
10 Alone (using laptop) 38.3%
Mean 43.64%
Table (1.2)

On an average subject was found to be engage in hair touching behavior for 43.64% during the whole

intervention time. During the intervention phase visual prompt has played major role in assisting subject in

not engaging in behavior. That’s why there was a significant decrease in the percentage of occurrence of

target behavior. On the other hand, playing with slime has less effect on the decrease of behavior, as subject
prefer to touch her hair than playing with slime most of the time. In the last two days, subject was able to

stop before touching her without seeing at the visual prompt which indicate decrease in the dependence on

prompt.

Intervention Phase
70%

60%

50%
percentage of occurence

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10

Graph (1.2)
3. Post-intervention Phase:

Days Setting total no of ¿ ¿

1 Alone (using cell phone) 70%
2 Talking with her mother 45%
3 Tea time with her sister- 40%

in-law
4 Alone (using laptop) 75%
5 Alone ( working on her 65%

assignment)
6 Alone (using cell phone) 78.3%
7 Playing with her niece 41.6%
Mean 59.27%
Table (1.3)

On average subject was found to be touching her hair for 59.27% of the total time observed. Still the

percentage of occurrence of behavior in alone time is high but is comparatively less than the percentage of

occurrence in the pre-intervention time.

 90.00%
Post-Intervention Phase
80.00%

70.00%
percentage of occurence

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7

Graph (1.3)
4. Follow-up
Days Setting total no of ¿ ¿
1 Alone (using cell phone) 60%
2 Alone (working on her 58.3%

assignment)
Mean 59.15%
Table (1.4)

On an average percentage of occurrence of target behavior was 60% in the follow up observation which was
conducted after the gap of six days and 58.3% in the follow up observation conducted after four days gap.
 Follow-up Observation

60.00%
PERCENTAGE OF OCCURANCE

59.15%

58.30%

Day 1 Day 2 Mean

Graph (1.4)

Overall View of Study:

 Follow-up Observation

71.64%
PERCENTAGE OF OCCURANCE

59.30% 59.15%

43.64%

Pre-intervention Intervention Post- Intervention Follow-up

Graph (1.5)
Overall it is concluded that hair touching behavior function was automatic sensory stimulation majorly.

Before the intervention of appropriate behavioral technique, mean percentage of behavior occurrence was

71.64%, which reduce to 43.64% in intervention phase with the intervention of DRO technique and visual

prompt. In post-intervention and follow-up phase the mean percentage of occurrence of hair touching

behavior was 59.3% and 59.15% respectively after the removal of reinforcement and visual prompt from the

environment.
 APPENDIX I

ABC Analysis
Date / / Name of Person Observed: XY Observer:
Vardah Ahmed

Behavior(s): Hair touching Behavior (Hair stroking between finger, Hair twirling around finger
and hair strand wrapping around ear)

Date Time Anteceden Behavio Consequenc Possible

t r e Function
27-4-2020 5:00 pm – Subject was using Subject started to Doorbell rang and Automatic
5:30pm social media on her wrap her hair subject stopped Sensory
smart phone. strand around ear stroking her hair Stimulation.
and started to
stroke it between
her finger
28-4-2020 1:00pm – Subject was Subject started to Her mother called Automatic
1:30 pm reading research twirl her hair her for work and Sensory
article on her around finger she stopped twirling Stimulation.
laptop her hair
29-4-2020 6:00 pm – Subject mother Subject started to Her mother scold Attention /
6:30 pm was telling her the stroke her hair her for not paying Automatic
recipe of food. strand. attention to their Sensory
conversation and Stimulation
threaten to cut her
hair.
30-4-2020 4:00 pm – Subject niece was Subject started to Subject phone Automatic
4:30 pm looking at the twirl her hair started to ring and Sensory
picture book with while looking at she stopped her hair Stimulation.
her. the picture book twirling behavior
with her niece
1-05-2020 9:00 am – Subject was typing Abruptly she On the message Automatic
9:30 am her assignment stopped typing notification she Sensory
report on her and started to stopped stroking Stimulation.
laptop. stroke her hair her hair and started
between fingers to continue her
assignment
2-05-2020 10:00 pm – Subject was She started to Subject mother Automatic
11:00 pm listening watching stroke her hair scold her for always Sensory
movie on her smart between her stroking her hair. Stimulation /
phone fingers while Attention
holding phone in
one hand
3-05-2020 3:00 pm – Subject was Subject started to Subject sister-in- Automatic
3:30 pm discussing the wrap her hair law stopped her Sensory
schedule of strand around her from twirling her Stimulation/
Ramadhan with ear. hair by grabbing her Attention
her sister-in-law wrist
 APPENDIX II
ABA PARTIAL INTERVAL RECORD SHEET
TARGET BEHAVIORS: HAIR TOUCHUNG
CONDITION DURATION : 30 minute
INTERVAL DURATION: 30 Sec

Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = total ¿ of ¿ 100

DAY 1
interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + +
57
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 95%
60

DAY 2
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + - - - + + + + + + + + + +
53
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 88.3%
60

DAY 3
interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

-
+ + + + + + + + + + + - - - + - - - + - - - - - + - - - -
31
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 51.6%
60

DAY 4
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - + + - - - - + - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - + - - - + + + + + + - - - + - + - + + - - - - + - -
 24
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿ 100 = 40%
60

DAY5
interval-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

+
+ + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + - + + +
52
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 86.6%
60

DAY 6
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + + + + - + + + ++ + + + + + + - + + + + + + - + + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + + + + + + + - ++ + + + + - + + + + + + + - + + + + +
54
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿ 100 = 90%
60

DAY 7
interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- + + + + + + - + - - - - + - - - + + + + + - + + - + + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

-
+ - - - - + + - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - +
30
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 50%
60

INTERVENTION PHASE
DAY 1
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - + + + - + + + ++ + - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + + + + + + + - -- - - - + + - + + + + + - + + + - - -
32
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 53.3%
60

DAY 2
interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + +
 31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

- -
+ + + + - + + + - - - + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + +
27
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 45%
60

DAY 3
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - - - - -- + + + + - - - + + + + + + - - - - -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - + + + + + - -+ + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + + +
31
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 51.6%
60

DAY 4
interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - + - - - - + - - - -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

- -
- + - - - + + - - - - - - + - - - + - - - - + + + - - -
15
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 25%
60

DAY 5
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + - - + + + - - + -- - + + + - - - - + - - + - - + + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - + - - - + + + ++ - - - + + + - - - - - + - - - + + +
29
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 48.3%
60

DAY 6
interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + + + + - + - + + - - - + - - - + - + + + - + - - + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

+
+ + + - - + - + + - - + - + + + + + - + - + + + + + + + -
39
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 65%
60

DAY 7
 Interval
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - + - - -- - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - + -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - + - - - -- + + - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - +
14
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿ 100 = 23.3%
60

DAY 8
interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + - + - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - + + + - - - + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

+
+ + + + + - - - - + + + + + - - + - - + + + - - - - - - -
50
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 50%
60

DAY 9
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - + + - - - - - - -- - - + + + + + - - - - + + + - - - +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - + + + -- + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - + - -
22
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 36.6%
60

DAY 10
interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + - - - - - + + + + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

- -
- - - - + + + + - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - - -
23
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 38.3%
60

POST-INTERVENTION PHASE
DAY 1
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + - - + + + + + + +
 42
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 70%
60
interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + - - - - -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

+
+ + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
27
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 45%
60
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - - - - -- + + + + - - - - - + + + - + + + -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6-0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ - - - - - + + - + ++ + - + + + - - - - - - - - + + + - -
24
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿ 100 = 40%
60

DAY 4
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - + + + + + ++ + + + + + + - - - + + + + + - + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + + + + - + + + ++ + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - + + +
45
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿ 100 = 75%
60

DAY 5
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - - - - -+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ - - - + + + + + + ++ + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + + - -
39
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 65%
60

DAY 6
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + - + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + +
47
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 78.3%
60

DAY 7
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - + + + + - - - - - - + - - - - - + - - + + + + + + + +
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - + - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + + -
25
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 41.6%
60
FOLLOW-UP
DAY 1
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ - + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - + + + + + - - + + -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + - - - - - + + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - -
36
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 60%
60

DAY 2
Interval

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - + + + - - - + -
31 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ + + - - + + + + + - - + + + + - + + + + + + + + + - - - -
35
Percentage of Behavior Occurrence = ∗¿100 = 58.3%
60
 APPENDIX III

Functional Assessment Interview Form

Interviewer(s)Vardah Date(s)
30-4-2020
Student(s) Ahmed XY
Respondent(s) XY Title Student

1. Describe the behavior of concern.

The hair touching behavior is the one which subject wants to decrease as it cause distraction while she
do her assignment or indulge in the leisure activity like watching movie or using cell phone.

2. How often does the behavior occur?

Through data sheet behavior occur at the rate of 95% to 80% per 30 minutes when subject was seated
alone and 50% per 30 minutes approximately when she spends time with her one or more family
How long does it last?

According to Partial Interval data sheet behavior last for at least 3 minutes maximum but after the
break of one or two minute it resume.
How intense is the behavior?

On the scale of 1 - 10 of intensity, it could be scored 7. It is severe enough to disengage her from the
environment and cause delay in her task.

3. What is happening when the behavior occurs?

Mostly subject either use cell phone or having a screen time, while seated alone in a drawing room or
bedroom mostly.
4. When/where is the behavior most/least likely to occur?

Behavior mostly occur in a setting when subject spends time alone.

5. With whom is the behavior most/least likely to occur?

Behavior occur at low rate when subject spend time with one of her family member, but at high
rate when she spends time alone.

6. What conditions are most likely to precipitate (''set-off') the behavior?

While subject used cell phone or having screen time precipitate the occurrence of behavior.

7. How can you tell the behavior is about to start?

When subject raise her hand towards her face was mostly the physical sign that indicate behavior
is about to start.

8. What usually happens after the behavior? Describe what happens according to
adult(s), peers, and student responses.

Subject mother get irritated because of the continuous hair touching and start to scold her. Also
her sister-in-law had to grab her hand to stop her behavior as it annoy her while having
conversation.

9. What is the likely function (intent) of the behavior; that is, why do you think the student behaves
this way? What does the student get or avoid?

The major function of the behavior was Automatic sensory stimulation, because behavior occur at low
rate in the presence of other and occur mostly when subject spend her time alone.
10. What behavior(s) might serve the same function (see question 9) for the student that is
appropriate within the social/environmental context?

Playing with slime can serve the same function of sensory stimulation.

11. What other information might contribute to creating an effective intervention plan
(e.g., under what conditions does the behavior not occur)?

Behavior occur at zero rate when subject do the house chores and kitchen work because the
work keep her hand and body busy physically.

12. Who should be involved in planning and implementing the intervention plan?

Researcher alone.