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Materi Pelajaran

A. Read the explanation below!

What is a Report?

A report is a short, crisp, and concise document written for a particular purpose and with a
specific audience in mind. Its main purpose is to view a topic or problem as critically and
analytically as possible, and often make useful recommendations for future actions. A report is a
factual paper that needs to be written with devotion to details that are a hundred percent true. It
usually delves into topics related to business, science, and technical subjects.

Report is different from an essay. Essays, on the other hand, presents arguments, opinions, and
reasoning. Unlike reports, essays don’t state facts although the paper can include accurate
information to make a point, it is not the main point as to why they are written. They express the
author’s thoughts on a specific topic. Where reports are factual and systematic, general essays
are usually subjective, making a clear picture of the author’s unique, usually biased, view on a
topic.

As for the format when writing these papers, a report would need a more formal language to be
incorporated along with the facts that it will state. Essays, on the other hand, can go from formal
to conversational depending on the topic that the author will discuss on it.

Elements That a Report May Contain

Since reports are generally more tedious to make in comparison to essays, they need a proper
blend of the right elements to be considered effective in expressing the information on their topic
and in persuading the readers to believe its contents.

1. A simple report should contain a sequence of events or situations that may lead to the point
that it is trying to prove, or to the evidence it is using to prove a point. It can give your readers a
sense of direction while they go through your report.
2. There should also be a proper and eloquent interpretation of the said events and situations. Do
they come solely from your own analysis or are they the views of other people? It is important to
let your readers understand where everything that you are stating is coming from. Of course, you
must never forget to quote or reference the people you have gathered your ideas and evidences
from.

3. Your report should evaluate the facts you state. There is no point in merely giving out a
plethora of facts if you don’t give your readers an idea on how all of those facts interconnect.
State every detail and answer every possible question the readers of your report may have about
it. By doing this, you can avoid any confusion that your readers may feel after reading your
report.

4. You should also include recommendations on what to do for future references. By doing this,
you are creating a mental picture of a possible future where the facts on your report is usable.

5. Your report should arrive at a conclusion. Otherwise, you will have no ending statement to
indicate that you have actually proven something through your basic report. This conclusion will
also summarize the important points in your paper that can help in emphasizing them and
allowing your readers to comprehend and remember them more easily.

Steps in Writing a Report

1. Know your topic.

Your instructor will give you a clear picture of what he wants you to write about and what he
wants your writing to accomplish. Make sure that, before creating your report, you understand
what you want to accomplish with it

2. Keep your topic in your mind all the time.

This is important so that you don’t stray from it. Every writer is vulnerable to the possibility of
discussing things that are outside and far from the report’s main topic. The best way to avoid this
is to always keep a clear idea of what you are writing about and to make sure that the subtopics
you include are directly connected to the main topic. This takes us to the third step. You may
also see service report examples.

3. Make sure that your subtopics will help you reach your desired conclusion.

Which means that you should avoid discussing things that are not helpful in taking you to the
point that your report is trying to make. In fact, your subtopics should help you build your
arguments. They should take you forward into writing, not keep you in the same loop with your
conclusion far from your reach. You may also like investigation report samples and examples.

4. Make sure that you arrive at your desired conclusion.

The best way to do this is to get a clear picture of what you want to prove in your report and then
design every step of your way and every detail that you include in a way that will lead you to
where you want to reach.

After you learn your topic, get to know it well by studying it first. Create a list of your findings
and try to construct your argument from that.

Research for accurate references and resources that you can quote in your report and, at the same
time, can give you ideas on how to go through with your writing. At the end of the day, a good
report is all about correct decision-making. Make sure that even the tiniest details you decide on
as you write your report will aid you in reaching your conclusion.

Reports provide information on research or project work. There are many types of reports, such
as business reports, scientific lab reports, case study reports, and others. Every report may
require different formats. The common feature of all reports is that they are structured to provide
information clearly and quickly. Therefore, reports are organized into sections with headings

Here is an example of headings used for reports.

1. Title page
2. Preface / Foreword
3. Table of contents
 4. Introduction
5. Presentation/content
6. Conclusion
7. Bibliography
8. Appendix
But, some writers use other headings on their report. You can find any other forms from any
sources.

B. Study the parts of a report below

The do the exercise!
1.Title page
Title page usually contains :
 The report title, which states the report’s purpose
 Your name and the name of the person receiving the report
 Submission date
It is put on the cover of the report and on the inside cover.

FINAL TASK REPORT OF COOKERY PROJECT WORK

Pay attention the example below
SCHOOL YEAR 2005 / 2006

ORGANIZING AND SERVING THE ORDER

OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE

IN THE RESTAURANT

Arranged by :

Name : …………………………

NIS : …………………………

Grade : …………………………

Competence Program : ………………………..

CITY GOVERNMENT OF YOGYAKARTA

 Exercise.
Now try to arrange a title page related to your “On Job Training”

2. Ratification
Acceptance or confirmation of an act or agreement that was signed (executed) by the
confirming party itself
3. Preface
It is an introduction at the beginning of a book explaining its purpose, thanking people who
helped the author or involved on the author’s work, etc. Usually it is started by thanking to
God followed to all people who helped or involved on the work or project.

PREFACE

All of praises, honors, and glory only belong to God, The All
Merciful, because only by His grace and mercy, I can finish this final task
report.
By this report, I would like to thank to :
1. Dra. Nur Istriatmi, as a principal of SMK N 6 Yogyakarta,
2. Yuli Unggul , S.Pd. and Dra, Yiyis Krisnani, As counsellor teachers
3. Mr. Rudy F. Subarkah and Rusinah Subagya, B.A. as examiner,
4. My parents, friends, classmates, and all who help on both of competence
exam or final task report.
I believe that this report is still far away from perfect, so I accept suggestions
and constructive criticism from all readers. Finally, I hope that this report can be
useful for all. God blesses.
Yogyakarta, 18th of May 2006
You may add other words / sentences such as greetings (Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.) or
closing, etc.

Exercise
Now write a preface of your report “On The Job Training”

4. Table of contents
The table of contents lists the main sections (headings) of the report and the page on which
each begins. Each heading should have a corresponding page that shows where the sections
begins. If your report includes tables, diagrams or illustrations, list them on a different
page after table of contents.

Here is an example of a table of content of a final project

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… i

RATIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii

PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………………………………….. iv

I. INTRODUCTION
I.1 Background ……………………………………………………………………………………. 1
I.2 Objectives ………………………………………………………………………………………. 1

II. PRODUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Time and Place ………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2.2. Material and Equipment …………………………………………………………………. 3
2.3. Scheme of Work ……………………………………………………………………………… 9
2.4. Motion of Job ………………………………………………………………………………….18
2.5. Results …………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
2.6. Materials Cost Counting and Selling Product …………………………………. 22

III. FINDING
3.1. Implementation …………………………………………………………………………….. 25
3.2. Benefits …………………………………………………………………………………………. 25
3.3. Improvement (Continued Actions) ………………………………………………… 26

IV. CLOSING
4.1. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………….. 27
4.2. Suggestion ……………………………………………………………………………………… 27
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28
APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
You may use other styles that you know. You may add the word CHAPTER before the
Roman Numerals I, II, III, etc.
You may also use another name of headings and subheadings. It depends of the report you
make

Exercise:
Now, write the table of contents of a report “On The Job Training”.

5. Introduction
Introduction is the first part of a report. It is usually put on chapter I
The introduction should :
CHAPTER I
 Discuss the importance or significance of the research or problem to be reported
 Define the purpose of the report INTRODUCTION
 A. Background
Outline the issues (scope)
The 21st century is called a period of technology, information and
 Inform the reader of any limitations to the report, or any assumptions made.
globalization era. Time is considered as the most important aspects in life. People
Introduction is divided
consider thatin24two parts
hours of writing
a day namely “Background”
is not enough. andsome
Because of that, “Objectives”
people tryorto use
their time as effectively and as efficiently as possible, by shorthening or even
“Purposes”.
erasing unimportant activities. For example time for sleeping, watching television,
Here is an example of an introduction of a report
recreation, or cooking.
Nowadays, many people prefer having meals in a restaurant because of its
practical, fast, and exclusive service. These reason makes restaurants fill the criteria
of becoming the first choice for the busy people.
Buffet service and ready plate services are some examples of food and
beverage services that are relevant to the reasons mentioned before. So, many
people choose to have their meals in places where those two kinds of services are
available. Workers who are competence in those services are becoming the main
“commodity” of the worker searching.
Vocational school ,especially, the tourism group, cookery competence
program and sub-competence restaurant service, nowadays , gives more emphasizes
on the service method and other competence that support the two kinds of service
methods. Vocational schools hopefully will create graduates who can fill this era’s
demand and ready to compete with other competitors.
As a requirement, students do not only show their competence and make a
proposal, but also do the final task report, which will be tested by the examiners
 B. Objectives / Purposes

Culinary is one of the main aspects in life. More developers choose to become a
culinary entrepreneur by creating any kind of restaurants. It increases competition on this
sector.

Nowadays , people choose not only the deliciousness of food but also the services.
Restaurants having both the delicious food and good services will become the first people’s
choice.

Being able to organize and serve the orders of food and beverages is one of the writer’s
main purposes. By having this competence, the writer hopes to have an appropriate job.
Besides, the writer wants to attract the readers’ attention who want to broaden their knowledge

Exercise
Now, write the introduction of your report of “On the Job Training”

6. Presentation or Content
This part contains the main substance of the report. It is organized into sections with
headings and subheadings rather than paragraphs. The body of the report can include :
 Literature review, an assessment of what other people have written about the topic.
 The method of data collection. If applicable, this should include what you did and
why, such as a survey or interview, and the size and selection criteria of the study
sample.
 Discussion and analysis of the data. This should explain about the reliability and
accuracy of the data and relate the findings to your report’s purpose and current
literature.

Exercise

Now, write the discussion/body/content of your report of “On the Job

6. Conclusion
This summarizes the key findings from the presentation or content and may be numbered
here for clarity. Relate your conclusion to the objectives of the report and arrange your
points logically so that major conclusions are presented first.

7. Recommendation
These are subjective opinions of the writer about the action that could be followed. The
must be realistic and achievable.

8. Reference list
This must contain all the material cited in the report. It is a list of books, journals, and
others sources of information that were used to compile the report.

9. Appendices
 They contain detailed information of all supplementary material related to the report, such
as questionnaires, tables, graphs, photos or maps, diagrams etc.
Appendices should be clearly set out and numbered in order they are mentioned in the text.

C. Writing an On the Job Training Report.

Find some other examples of reports from internet or other sources.
Make your On Job Training Report by doing these steps :
1. Make the draft of your report
2. Collect the data
3. Write every part of your report
4. Consult to your teacher
5. Re-write the report completely