MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 10
THIRD QUARTER
Lesson 21-24
PERMUTATION &
COMBINATION
Illustrates permutation and combination of objects.
Differentiates permutations and combinations of n objects taken r at
a time.
Learner’s Information
Name: ___________________________________________________
Grade Level and Section: ____________________________________
Address: __________________________________________________
Contact Number: ___________________________________________
Adviser: ___________________________________________________
Parents/Guardian: __________________________________________
Teacher’s Information
BILLY JASPER C. DOMINGO
Saint Anne Academy of Piddig, Ilocos Norte Inc.
billyjasperdomingo@stanne.ph.education
www.facebook.com/BillyJasperCabusaoDomingo
(0948) 746 4062
1
PERMUTATION
Permutation refers to an arrangement of objects in a definitive order.
Changing the order of the objects creates a new permutation.
Example:
1. Construct the permutations of letters (F, B, O) taken 3 at a time.
The permutations are: FBO, FOB, BFO, BOF, OFB, and OBF.
Therefore, there are 6 permutations.
2. Formulate the permutations of letters (F, B, O) taken 2 at a time.
The permutations are: FB, BF, FO, OF, BO, and OB. Therefore, there
are 6 permutations.
The permutation of n things or objects taken r at a time can be denoted by:
P(n , r )
Example:
1. Based on the example (1) above, there are 3 things (F,B,O) taken 3 at
a time could be denoted as:
P ( 3,2 )=6
2. Based on the example (2) above, there are 3 things (F,B,O) taken 2 at
a time could be denoted as:
P ( 3,3 )=6
Permutation Formula
The number of permutation of n things/objects taken r at a time is
n!
P ( n , r )=
( n−r ) !
where:
n !=( n ) ( n−1 )( n−2 ) …(3)(2)(1) this is read as “n factorial”.
Example:
1. Evaluate P (6 , 4 )
2. Evaluate P(13 , 3)
Solution:
1. P ( 6 , 4 )
n!
P ( n , r )=
( n−r ) !
6!
¿
( 6−4 ) !
6!
¿
2!
6 ∙5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙2 ∙1
¿
2∙ 1
¿ 6 ∙ 5∙ 4 ∙3
¿ 360 permutations
2. P ( 13 ,3 )
n!
P ( n , r )=
( n−r ) !
13 !
¿
(13−3 ) !
13!
¿
10!
13∙ 12∙ 11∙ 10!
¿
10 !
¿ 13 ∙12 ∙11
¿ 1716 permutations
Take Note!
0 !=1
Solving problems involving
PERMUTATIONs
1. Eight students are lined up to be seated. How many ways can 4 of them be seated in a
row?
Solution:
a. How many ways can 4 of them be seated?
n=8 students
r =4 students because 4 of them are needed to be seated.
yields P( 8 , 4)
→
Using permutation formula,
n!
P ( 8 , 4 )=
( n−r ) !
8!
¿
( 8−4 ) !
8!
¿
4!
8∙ 7 ∙ 6 ∙5 ∙ 4 !
¿
4!
¿ 8 ∙7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5
¿ 1,680 ways
2. How many ways can 5 officers in Grade 10 St. Lorenzo class be selected among 45
students?
Solution:
a. How many ways can 5 of them be elected?
n=45 students
r =5 students because 5 of them are needed to be elected.
yields P( 8 , 4)
→
Using permutation formula,
n!
P ( 45 , 4 )=
( n−r ) !
45 !
¿
( 45−4 ) !
45 ∙ 44 ∙ 43 ∙ 42∙ 41∙ 40 !
¿
4 0!
¿ 45 ∙ 44 ∙ 43 ∙ 42 ∙ 41
¿ 146 , 611 , 080 ways
3. How many 6-letter words can be formed from the letter in the word FLOURISHED?
Solution:
a. How many 6-letter words can be formed?
n=10 because there are 10 letters in the word FLOURISHED.
r =6 because 6-letter words are needed to be formed
yields P(10 , 6)
→
Using permutation formula,
n!
P ( 10 ,6 )=
( n−r ) !
10 !
¿
( 45−4 ) !
10∙ 9 ∙ 8∙ 7 ∙ 6 ∙5 ∙ 4 !
¿
4!
¿ 10 ∙ 9∙ 8 ∙7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5
¿ 151 ,200 words
Permutation with Repetition
The number of permutations of n objects of which p are alike, q are
alike, r are alike, and so on, is
n!
p! q!r! …
Example:
1. How many ways can you arrange the crayons in a box that contains 4 blue, 3 red, and
6 yellow?
Solution:
n=13 because there is a total of 13 crayons inside the box
p=4 because there are 4 blue crayons
q=3 because there are 3 red crayons
r =6 because there are 6 yellow crayons
Using the permutation with repetition formula:
n!
p! q!r!
13!
= (4 !)(3 !)(6 !)
¿ 60,060 ways
2. How many ways can the letter of the word SOLSONA be arranged?
Solution:
n=7 because there is a total of 7 letters in the word SOLSONA
p=2 because there are 2 letter S.
q=2 because there are 2 letter O.
r =1 because there is 1 letter L.
s=1 because there is 1 letter N.
t=1 because there is 1 letter A.
Using the permutation with repetition formula:
n!
p! q!r! s!t !u!
7!
= (2 !)(2! )(1!)(1 !)(1! )
¿ 1,260 ways
Circular Permutations
The number of permutations of n distinct objects arranged in a circle is
( n−1 ) ! .
Example:
1. How many ways can 9 people sit around a circle table?
Solution:
n=9 because there is a total of 9 people siting
Using the circular permutation formula:
( n−1 ) !=( 9−1 ) !
¿ ( 8) !
¿ 40,320 ways
COMBINATION
Combination refers to the selection of objects regardless of their order.
Changing the order of the objects does not create new combination.
Example:
1. There is only 1 combination that can be made from the letters (F, B, O) taken
3 at a time that is FBO only. This is because FBO, FOB, BFO, BOF, OFB,
and OBF are considered as one combination.
2. There are 3 combinations that can be made from the letters (F, B, O) taken 2
at a time that is FB, FO, and BO only. This is because FB and BF are
considered as one combination, the same is true for FO & OF, and BO & OB.
The combination
3. of n things or objects taken r at a time can be denoted by:
C (n , r)
Combination Formula
The number of combinations of n things/objects taken r at a time is
n!
C (n , r )=
r ! ( n−r ) !
where:
n !=( n ) ( n−1 )( n−2 ) …(3)(2)(1) this is read as “n factorial”.
Example:
1. Evaluate C (10 , 4)
Example:
Using combination formula:
n!
C (n , r )=
r ! ( n−r ) !
10 !
C ( 10 , 4 )=
4 ! (10−4 ) !
10∙ 9 ∙ 8∙ 7 ∙ 6 !
¿
4 ! ( 6) !
10∙ 9 ∙ 8∙ 7
¿
4 ∙ 3 ∙2 ∙1
¿ 210
Solving problems involving
combinations
1. In a scientific laboratory class, a student is asked to select specimen from the list of 12.
a. How many ways can the students select 8 specimens?
b. How many ways can the students select 6 specimens?
Solution:
a. How many ways can the students select 8 specimens?
n=12 because there are 12 specimens to select from.
p=8 because there are 8 specimens needed to be selected.
yields C (12 , 8)
→
Using combination formula:
n!
C (n , r )=
r ! ( n−r ) !
12!
C ( 12 , 8 )=
8 ! ( 12−8 ) !
12 ∙11 ∙ 10 ∙9 ∙ 8 !
¿
8 ! (4 )!
12 ∙11∙ 10 ∙9
¿
4 ∙ 3 ∙2 ∙ 1
¿ 495 ways
b. How many ways can the students select 6 specimens?
n=12 because there are 12 specimens to select from.
p=6 because there are 6 specimens needed to be selected.
yields C (12 ,6)
→
Using combination formula:
n!
C (n , r )=
r ! ( n−r ) !
12 !
C ( 12 , 6 )=
6 ! ( 12−6 ) !
12∙ 11 ∙10 ∙ 9 ∙8 ∙ 7 ∙6 !
¿
6 ! (6) !
12∙ 11∙10 ∙ 9 ∙8 ∙ 7
¿
6 ∙5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2∙ 1
¿ 924 ways
2. How many triangles can be drawn using 7 points in a given plane.
Note: Three points are needed to form a triangle.
Solution:
n=7 because there are 7 points on the plane.
p=3 because 3 points are needed to form a triangle
yields C (7 , 3)
→
Using combination formula:
n!
C (n , r )=
r ! ( n−r ) !
7!
C ( 7,3 ) =
3 ! ( 7−3 ) !
7∙ 6 ∙ 5∙ 4 !
¿
3 ! ( 4) !
7∙ 6 ∙ 5
¿
3 ∙2 ∙ 1
¿ 35 ways
- END OF MODULE -
APPLICATION
PERMUTATION
A. Evaluate the following permutations. Show complete solution.
1. P(6,2)
2. P ( 5 ,3 )
3. P ( 4 ,2 ) + P(8 , 3)
4. P ( 4 , 4 ) ∙ P(10 , 6)
P ( 8 , 5)
5. P (6 , 3)
B. Solve the following problems on permutations. Show complete solution.
1. How many ways may5 students be seated in a row of 5 chairs in a pictorial?
2. How many ways may 4 cards be drawn randomly from a deck of 52 cards?
3. How many way can 12 students be seated around a circular table?
4. How many distinct permutations can be made from the letters of the word
STATISTICS?
5. How many distinct permutations can be made from the letter of the word
INDEPENDENCE?
COMBINATIONS
A. Evaluate the following permutations. Show complete solution.
1. C (8 , 6)
2. C (13 ,3)
3. C (7 , 3)+C (11 , 9)
4. C (10 ,7) ∙C (10 , 3)
C(15 , 13)
5. C(12 , 7)
B. Solve the following problems on combinations. Show complete solution.
1. A class has to elect 3 different officers from 6 candidates.
2. Four-digit numbers are formed from the digits 0, 5, 6, 7, and 9 without repetition.
3. Five different books are arranged on a shelf.
(Use this as your answer sheet. You may submit this separately)
Name: _________________________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ____________________________________________________
Subject: MATHEMATICS
Detach Here!
(Use this as your answer sheet. You may submit this separately)
Name: _________________________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ____________________________________________________
Subject: MATHEMATICS 10
Detach Here!
