AGR 506 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

LAB REPORT: BIOFUELS PREPARATION

NAME: NUR WAJIHAH BT JENAL@ZAINAL

GROUP: M3AT2263A
STUDENT ID: 2019406202
INSTRUCTOR: MADAM SITI SARAH BT JUMALI
Based on video:
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Experiment title: biofuels preparation
Objective: to learn how to prepare for bioethanol
Introduction: biofuels is made from plant-derived based biomass which represent renewable
energy sources that can greatly reduce fossil fuel usage and negative impact on environment.
Bioethanol, as an alternative to the fossil fuels, is mainly produced by yeast fermentation
from different feedstocks. It is a high-octane number fuel, and its physicochemical features
are considerably different compared to the gasoline[ CITATION Bus18 \l 1033 ] . Yeast
fermentation is a biological process that convert glucose or fructose to enthanol and carbon
dioxide as by product of chemical reaction. Fractional distillation is separation of mixture
into its part.(cari journal and citated)
Materials and apparatus: yeast, sugar, distilled water, container,
Procedure:
1. Boiled the water.
2. Sugar is then mix to substrate according to the yeast manufacturer. Excess amount
sugar will help to obtain maximum yield.
3. After sugar was added. The amount of mixture then is increase to 1L by adding of
water. The substrate continues to be boiled to prevent contamination before the
addition of yeast.
4. The fermenter is then cooled down below 40 degrees Celsius.
5. Based on instruction of yeast, 6 grams of yeast must be mixed with 1L of substrate.
6. Add yeast into the substrate and mix.
7. Cover the container with paper towel and seal with rubber band.
8. Rapid production of carbon dioxide indicates start of biochemical reaction.
9. Wait for production of carbon dioxide to stop completely around 7 days.
10. Ethanol can be extract by frictional distillation.
Discussion: Temperature above 40 degree Celsius is harmful for yeast. The pH of substrate
must be pH 4.5- pH 5.5 for fermentation to work. Sealed the container to ensure carbon
dioxide to exit while the airborne contaminants are not able to get into substrate.