GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION

The Grammar-Translation Method was prevalent

in foreign language classrooms from the middle
19th century to the middle 20th century. It was
first introduced in Latin and ancient Greek
classrooms in the early 19th century, replacing
more communicatively-oriented methods as Latin
ceased to be a spoken language.
The method is clearly based on the assumption
that language consists of structures and lexicon,
and is learned by studying those elements and
using them to translate sentences and longer texts. "Mental discipline" is thought to
be fostered through the analysis of complex grammatical structures. A secondary
goal is to improve students' understanding of their native language through
practice in grammatical analysis.
DIRECT METHOD
The Direct Method, also called Natural
Method, was established in Germany and
France around 1900. It appeared as an
answer to the shortcomings of the Grammar
Translation Method. It is a method for
teaching foreign languages that uses the
target language, discarding any use of
mother tongue in the classroom.
AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD
The Audio-Lingual method of teaching
English as a second language had its
origins during World War II when it
became known as the Army method. It
was developed as a reaction to the
grammar translation method of teaching
foreign languages. The Audio-Lingual
method set out to achieve quick
communicative competence through innovative methods. The Audio-Lingual
method is based on the theory that language learning is a question of habit
formation.
THE SILENT WAY METHOD
The Silent Way was founded in the
early 1970s by the Egyptian
mathematician and educator Caleb
Gattegno. It is based on the idea that
language learning can be enhanced in
three main ways: discovery rather
than teaching; problem-solving in the
target language; the use of physical
tools. Above all, like Victorian children,
the teacher should be seen and not
heard. In the Silent Way, the teacher
is a facilitator, intervening vocally only if absolutely necessary.
SUGGESTOPEDIA
Suggestopedia is a language teaching method
originated in the 1970s by Bulgarian psychologist
Georgi Lozanov. The name combines the terms
"suggestion" and "pedagogy", the main idea being
that accelerated learning can take place when
accompanied by de-suggestion of psychological
barriers and positive suggestion. To this end
lessons take place against a background of
soothing music in an emotionally comforting
environment, with the teacher actively planting and
unplanting thoughts in and from the learners'
minds.