Piping Course

SECTION 1

Pipe

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 Subjects:
Material & Components

History and Scope

Size & Wall Thickness

Standards

Wall Thickness Design With ASME B31.3

Length

End Preparation

Pipe Manufacturing

Difference Between Pipe & Tube

Material

API 5L

Pipe Connection

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Material & Component
 Pipe

 Tube

 Fittings

 Flange

 Gasket

 Valve

 Special Items

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 Pipe

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History

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Size & Wall Thickness

OD= 𝐼𝐷 + 2 𝑊𝑇

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IPS (Iron Pipe Size)

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 STD: For Low Pressure Services

ASME Class 150 & 300

 XS or XH: For Mid Pressure Services

ASME Class 600

 XXS or XXH: For High Pressure Service

ASME Class 900 and Above

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 NPS (Nominal Pipe Size)
 SCH Criteria for Determine Wall Thickness

 NPS ≤ 12 OD > NPS NPS ≥ 14 OD = NPS

 SCHEDULES:

5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S, 100, 120, 140, 3160

 Common Sizes in NPS:

½, ¾, 1, 1 ½, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,…., 48, 52, 56,….

 Least Size in Piping is ½

 Using of 1 ¼, 2 ½, 3 ½, 5, 22, 26 Obsolete.

 Size 3 Max Odd Size in Piping

 Size 5 Max Odd Size in Standard

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Notes
 For a given NPS:

Sch OD CTE

Wall Thickness

ID

 For a given schedule:

NPS OD

Wall Thickness CTE or

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 Equivalent Table for DN and NPS

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Notes for Relations Between IPS and NPS

NPS ≤10 >10 ≤8 >8

WT STD=SCH 40 STD=9.53mm XS=SCH 80 XS=12.7mm

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 Standards
 ASME B36.10
 This Standard covers the standardization of dimensions of welded and
seamless wrought steel pipe for high or low temperatures and pressures. The
word pipe is used, as distinguished from tube, to apply to tubular products
of dimensions commonly used for pipeline and piping systems.

 ASME B 36.19
 This Standard covers the standardization of dimensions of welded and
seamless wrought stainless steel pipe for high or low temperatures and
pressures. The word pipe is used, as distinguished from tube, to apply to
tubular products of dimensions commonly used for pipeline and piping
systems.
 API 5L
 Line Pipe Carbon Steel
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Wall Thickness Design With ASME B31.3
Design of Pipe Wall Thickness Based on:
 Design Pressure
 Design Temperature
 Design Code (Piping ASME B31.3)

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 C: Mechanical and Corrosion Factors + Mill Tolerance

 P: Design Pressure From Engineering Documents(Line List)

 D: Pipe Diameter From Engineering Documents

 S: Tensile Stress of Material

 E j: Quality Factor or Longitudinal weld Joint Quality

 W: Weld Joint Stress Reduction Factor

 Y: Material Quality of Material Depend on Temp

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S: Tensile Stress of Material
 Appendix 1- Table A-1

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E j: Quality Factor or Longitudinal weld Joint Quality
 Table 302.3.4 or Table A-1B

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W: Weld Joint Stress Reduction Factor
 Table 302.3.5

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Y: Material Quality of Material Depend on Temp
 Table 304.1.1

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Example:
Give Data: Required Data:
Design Temp: 260 F S
Design Pressure:150 psig W
Pipe OD:30 in E
Pipe Material: A 106 GR B Y
Manufacturing Procedure: Tm
Seamless T
Corrosion Allowance:0.125 T nominal
Mill Tolerance: 12.5%

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Length
 SRL (Single Random Length): 5m to 7m

Usually Used for NPS Below 4

 DRL(Double Random Length): 11m to 13.5m

Usually Used for NPS Above 6

 Note1: In Industry SRL: 6m & DRL: 12 m

 Note2: Longer Pipe has Lower Cost

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 End Preparation
Common Preparations Based on ASME B31.3:

 Plain End (PE)

Under 2”

 Threaded End (TE)

Under 2”

 Beveled End

All Sizes

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 Threaded End
 ASME B1.20.1

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 Beveled End
 ASME B16.25

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 Joint Types
 Socket Weld

 Threaded or Screwed

 Buttweld
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Pipe Manufacturing

ERW

Method EFW

FBW
Welded
Single
Pipe
Seam
Seamless Longitudinal
Double
Seam
Seam
Helical

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Seamless Pipe

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Seamless Steps
1. Cutting
2. Tempering in Furnace
3. Circular Section
4. Mandrel
5. Cold Forming
6. Length Cutting
7. Hydrostatic Test
8. End Preparation
9. Polish
10.Marketing

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SMLS Size:
 Carbon Steel, LTCS, Alloy Steel:
16”
24”

 Stainless Steel and Nonmetals:

6”
16”

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ERW
 Don’t Use for Large Sizes (24” or 26”)

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 Shielded Metal
SMAW
Arc Welding
Gas Metal Arc
GMAW
Welding
EFW
Gas Tungsten
GTAW
Arc Welding
Submerged Arc
SAW
Welding
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SMAW

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GMAW

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GTAW (TIG)

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SAW

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Forming of Plate for EFW

U&O

 JCO

 Bending

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UOE

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Bending

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Helical(Spiral)

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Test Procedures:

 Hydrostatic Test

 Radiography

 Eddy Current

 Magnetic

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Difference Between Pipe & Tube
Pipe Tube

Fluid Transfer Heat Transfer & Conduction

Just SRL & DRL Without Specific Length

SCH or DN BWG or mm

Circular Several Sections

Seamless & Welded Seamless

Rigid

Size ½ to 84 Size from 1/8 to 14

By Increasing SCH,WT Increase By Increasing BWG,Thickness

Decrease
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Material

Steel
Ferrous
Cast
iron
Metals
Copper
Non-
Piping Ferrous
Nickel
Material

Thermosetting GRP,GRV,GRE
Non-
Metals
Thermoplastic PVC,PTFE

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 Ferrous Piping Materials:
 Carbon Steel: -29 c to 427 c

 Low Temperature Carbon Steel: -46 c to 427 c

 Alloy Steel: -29 c to 590 c

P11 1.25% Cr & 0.5% Mo
P22 2.25% Cr & 1% Mo

 Stainless Steel: 10.5% Cr

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 Stainless Steel
 Austenitic
Carbon: Up to 0.1 %
Minimum 7.5 % Nickel & 17.5 % Cr
300 Series
 Ferritic
Carbon: Up to 0.1 %
11 % to 27 % Cr
400 Series
 Martensitic
Carbon: 0.1 % to 0.15 %
12 % to 13.5 % Cr
400 Series
 Duplex (DSS)
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 API 5L (ISO 3183)
 Not Used for Cast Pipes
 Pipe grade and steel Grade
 The pipe grade for PSL 1 pipe is identical to the steel grade (designated by a steel name) and
shall be as given in Table 1. It consists of an alpha or alphanumeric designation that identifies the
strength level of the pipe and is linked to the chemical composition of the steel.
 NOTE The designations for Grade A and Grade B do not contain any reference to the specified
minimum yield strength; however, the numerical portion of other designations correspond with
the specified minimum yield strength in SI units or with the upward-rounded specified minimum
yield strength, expressed in 1 000 psi for USC units. The suffix “P” indicates that the steel has a
specified phosphorus range.
 The pipe grade for PSL 2 pipe shall be as given in Table 1 and consists of an alpha or
alphanumeric designation that identifies the strength level of the pipe. The steel name
(designating a steel grade), linked to the chemical composition of the steel, additionally includes
a suffix that consists of a single letter (R, N, Q or M) that identifies the delivery condition (see Table
3). NOTE 1 The designation for Grade B does not contain any reference to the specified minimum
yield strength; however, the numerical portion of other designations correspond with the
specified minimum yield strength in SI units or USC units.
 NOTE 2 For sour service, see H.4.1.1.
 NOTE 3 For offshore service, see J.4.1.1.teel grade
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Information to be supplied by the purchaser

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 PSL 1 PSL 2

A25 to X70 B to X120

Weld Repairing Permissible Weld Repairing Prohibited

Carbon: 0.21 to 0.28 Carbon: 0.1 to 0.24

Regular Applications Sour Services, Offshore, Slag Catcher

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 Pipe Connection

 ASME B31.3 Chapter v

 ASME SEC IX QB & QW

 AWS D1.1

 PFI (Pipe Fabrication Institute)

 API 650

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 API 1104
ASME SEC IX
 QW-100 General introduction to testing requirements etc.

 QW-200 Procedure qualification details.

 QW-300 Performance qualifications (welder approvals) details.

 QW-400 Welding data .This is the biggest section of the code and covers data
for both procedure and performance Qualification. It includes:

-Material and consumable data

-Approval range for thickness, diameter, joint

-Configuration and welding positions.

-Definitions used in code.

 QW-500 Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPSs)

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WPS (Welding Procedure Specification)

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WPS Details:
 Company Name  Thickness Range
 By  Pipe Diameter Range
 WPS No  Filler Metals
 Date  F-No
 Revision  Spec. No.
 Revision Date  AWS No.
 Welding Process  Size of Electrode
 Type  Deposited Weld Metal Thickness
Range
 Joint Design
 Positions
 Backing
 Preheat
 Base Metals
 Post Weld Heat Treatment
 P-No.
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Notes for WPS
 Essential Variables

 Supplementary Essential Variables

 Nonessential Variables

 ASME SEC IX QW 252-QW 262

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PQR (Procedure Qualification Record)

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WPQ (Welder Performance Qualification)

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