Department of Education Region VII

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City

First Aid for Injuries and

Emergency Situations
for

PHYSICAL EDUCATION – 9
Week 2
 SELF LEARNING KIT

FOREWORD

Accidents happen, especially during sports.

While it is possible to limit the number and severity
of injuries with prevention strategies, one wrong
step or a collision on the field can result in a sudden
and painful injury. When this happens, be prepared
to act quickly. Ideally, you will have access to a
well-stocked first aid kit or have medical help
nearby.

There are many possible types of injuries that

can occur while playing sports. It’s a good idea for
anyone involved in sorts to be familiar with
treatment for some of the more common sports
injuries. These injuries may be classified as acute or
chronic.

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1. CONTENT STANDARD

The learner demonstrates understanding of

lifestyle and weight management to promote
community fitness.

2. PERFORMANCE STANDARD

The learner maintains an active lifestyle to

influence the physical activity participation of the
community

3. LEARNING COMPETENCY

In this lesson you are expected to:

 Performs appropriate first aid for injuries and

emergency situations in physical activity and
sports settings (e.g., cramps, sprain, heat
 exhaustion) This competency is already
embedded in other LCs

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Tabok National High School
Quiz # 1
Physical Education 9

Name: _____________________ Section: ____________ Date: _________________

Identification

_______________1. The heaviness or lightness of a person.

_______________2. It is the distance between the floor to the top of the head in
 standing position.
_______________3. To measure strength of abdominal muscles.
_______________4. A test of flexibility for the lower extremities particularly the
hamstring.
_______________5. A test of upper arm and shoulder girdle flexibility intended
to
parallel the strength/endurance assessment of the
region.
_______________6. Is the ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver
oxygen to working muscles and tissues.
_______________7. To measure cardiovascular endurance.
_______________8. This is to measure the strength of upper extremities.
_______________9. This is to assess the ability to balance on the ball of the foot.
_______________10. This is to measure the explosive strength and power of the
leg muscles.
_______________11. This is to measure the running speed.
_______________12. What is the formula in getting your BMI?
_______________13. What is the BMI if your classification is Overweight?
_______________14. If your BMI is below 18.5, what is your classification?
_______________15. Write the meaning of the acronym PPFT.
 4

I. WHAT TO KNOW

First Aid
Is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who has been
injured or suddenly taken ill. It includes self-help and home care if
medical assistance is not available or delayed.

Objectives of First Aid

 Preserve life
 To alleviate suffering
 To prevent added/further injury or danger

Common Injury Encountered by

Officiating Officials and Athletes
1. Cramps
Are a common and usually harmless condition where the muscles in
your leg
suddenly become tight and painful.

First Aid
 If you lie on your back, make sure that your toes point upwards –
placing a pillow on its side at the end of your bed, with the soles of
your feet propped up against it may help keep your feet in the right
position.
  If you lie on your front, hang your feet over the end of the bed– this
will keep your feet in a relaxed position and help stop the muscles in
your calves from contracting and tensing.
 Keep your sheets and blankets loose. If you have leg cramps, the
muscles in your leg will suddenly become tight and painful

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2. Sprains
* Is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of connective tissues
that joins
the end of one bone with another.
* Are caused by trauma such as a fall or a blow to the body that
knocks a joint
out of position and, in the worst case, ruptures the
supporting ligaments.
* Can range from first degree (minor) to third degree (the worst).
Areas of
the body most vulnerable to sprains are ankles, knees, and
wrists.
3. Strains
* Is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon – a cord of tissue
connecting muscle to bone. It is an acute, non-contact injury that results
from overstretching or over-contraction. Symptoms of a strain include
pain, muscle spasm and loss of strength. While it’s hard to tell the
difference between mild and moderate strains, severe strains not treated
professionally can cause damage and loss of function.

First Aid for Sprains and Strains

 Apply the R.I.C.E. method.
 Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase
swelling.
 Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, to reduce pain
without increasing bleeding. Thereafter, ibuprofen (or other non-
steroidal anti-inflammatories) or aspirin is a good choice. Don’t give
aspirin to a child younger than 16 years.
 Apply Arnica oil to reduce swelling.
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  Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
 After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to
cause pain.
 Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide.

4. Heat Exhaustion
* Is a response to heat characterized by fatigue, weakness and collapse
due to inadequate intake of water to compensate for loss of fluids during
sweating.

There are Two (2) Types of Heat Exhaustion:

a.)Water depletion
* Signs include excessive thirst, weakness, headache, loss of
consciousness.
b.)Salt depletion
* Signs include nausea and vomiting, muscle cramps, and
dizziness.

First Aid
 Have the victim lie down with his/her feet elevated.
 Keep the victim cool.
 Give him/her electrolyte beverages to sip or make a salted drink.
 Monitor the victim for signs of shock.
 If the victim starts having seizures, protect him/her from injury and
give first aid for convulsions.
 If the victim loses consciousness, give first aid for unconsciousness.

5. Fractures
 * Is a break in the bone that can occur from either a quick, one-
time injury to the bone (acute fracture) or from repeated
stress to the
bone over time (stress fracture).
* The most common symptom of a stress fracture is pain at the site
that
worsens with weight bearing activities.
* Tenderness and swelling often accompany the pain. This is very
important for
the coaches to recognize and refer the athlete to the trainers or
the
team physicians.

First Aid
* Apply the R.I.C.E. method.
* Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding
around the
broken bones. Splint the injury with something rigid, such as
rolled up
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newspaper or magazines, to prevent the bones from shifting.

Don’t
move the broken bones. Splints must be long enough to extend
beyond joints above and below the fracture.
* If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply
pressure
 to control bleeding. Don’t try to push the bone back into the
wound and
don’t attempt to clean it.
* Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and
pelvis may
cause severe internal bleeding.
* Don’t give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is
needed.

6. Dislocations
* When the two bones that come together to form a joint become
separated,
the joint is described as being dislocated. Contact sports such as
football, basketball and lacrosse, as well as high impact sports
that can
result in excessive stretching or falling, cause the majority of
dislocations. A dislocated joint is an emergency situations that
requires
medical treatments.

First Aid
 Leave the joint alone.
 Attempting to move or jam a dislocated bone back in can damage
blood vessels, muscles, ligaments, and nerves.
 Put an ice pack covered in a clot on the area around the joint. Ice
can ease swelling and pain in and around the joint.

What is R.I.C.E. Method?

 Rest the injured part, especially for the first 24 to 48 hrs after the
injury
- This is the most critical time of treatment. Avoid any activity that
causes pain or makes it worse. Use crutches if the leg, foot or ankle
is injured. Support an injured wrist, arm or shoulder with a sling.
Tape an injured toe or finger to its healthy neighbor.

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 Ice is an excellent anti-inflammatory and reduces swelling and pain.
Apply an ice pack or cold compress for 10 to 15 minutes as soon as
possible after an injury. Repeat each hour for the first 3 to 4 hours,
then 4 times a day for the next 2 to 3 days. Protect your skin with
a thin cloth. If ice packs are not available, a packet of frozen
vegetables in a cloth will do.
 Compression also reduces swelling. Use elastic bandages fr at least 2
days. Check that the bandage is snug, but not too tight. Take the
bandage off at night.
 Elevation drains fluids from injured tissues. Elevate the injured area
whenever you are sitting or lying down. Try to keep the injured area
at or above the level of the heart.
 PROCESSING ACTIVITY

Instruction:
 Answer the following questions in 1 whole size intermediate
paper and 1 long size bond paper.

Question:
1. Injuries may happen anytime, anywhere. List at least 3
factors that can cause injuries.

2. Explain why they can lead to injuries.

3. How important is knowledge and skills in applying

appropriate first aid techniques to an injured person?

Note: 1 whole intermediate paper with your name and section.

1. Draw at least three (3) different examples of “ Fracture “.

Note: 1 Long size bond paper and use only PENCIL for your
drawing.
 9
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY
NIMFA D. BONGO, Ed.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

ESTELA B. SUSVILLA, Ph.D., CESO VI

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

JAIME P. RUELAN, Ed.D.

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

ISMAELITA N. DESABILLE, Ed.D.

Education Program Supervisor (LRMDS)

MR. NINO G. MATILLANO

Education Program Supervisor (MAPEH)

MR. EXEL V. BELLIOT

Writer

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGIONAL OFFICE VII

SALUSTIANO T. JIMENEZ, ED.D, JD, CESO V

OIC, Regional Director
 CRISTITO A. ECO
OIC, Assistant Regional Director

MAURITA F. PONCE
LRMDS, Education Program Supervisor

DR. JUVELYN P. OTERO

MAPEH, Education Program Supervisor

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SYNOPSIS

When an emergency strikes, there's no time to

start researching on how to respond. For your own
safety and the safety of your friends and family, it's
a good idea to learn about emergency protocols and
first aid methods. By learning in advance, you'll
ensure that you can respond quickly and
appropriately if there is an emergency situation.
From natural disasters to traffic accidents, you
never know when a situation will arise that will
demand quick thinking, cool nerves, an adequate
knowledge.
In emergency situations, it is important to
respond quickly. A clear emergency action plan is a
good way to streamline your responses. If you break
down your plan into steps, you'll be sure to know
exactly what to do. The best thing you can do is to
stay calm and collected. Heightened emotions tend
to hamper your critical thinking skills and your
ability to think quickly. In addition to staying "cool
under pressure", several concrete skills can make the
difference in life-and-death situations.
 11

Writer: EXEL V. BELLIOT

o Graduated Bachelor in
Secondary Education Major in
Physical Education, Health and
Music (PEHM) at University of
Cebu, Main Campus, Cebu City.
o Master of Arts in Teaching
Physical Education (MATPE) 40
units at Southwestern University,
Cebu City
o Presently, the MAPEH
Coordinator of Tabok National
High School, Tabok, Mandaue
City.

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Answer Key
Quiz # 1 – P.E. 9

1. Weight
2. Height
3. Curl-ups/Partial Curl-ups
4. Sit-and-Reach
5. Zipper Test
6. Cardiovascular Endurance
7. 3-Minute Step Test
8. Push-ups/90 deg. Push-ups
9. Stork Stand Balance Test
10. Standing Long Jump
11. 40m Sprint
12. Weight
Height (m)2
13. 24.6-29.9
14. Below Normal/Underweight
15. Philippine Physical Fitness Test