Department of Education

Physical Education 9
First Aid for Sports Injury
First Quarter – Week 5

Ronnel T. Capila
Edilberto Arguelles
Writers

Vic Carlo Bato

Efleda F. Enerlas
Validators

Rogelio Cabanting
Wilson F. Pascual
Edison C. Enerlas
Division Quality Assurance Team

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940
 This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is
here to help you appreciate the significance of BASIC FIRST AID
IN COMMON SPORTS INJURIES, especially during the COVID19
pandemic. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Identify the common injuries that may happen during sports acti-
vities;
• Suggest possible ways to alleviate the suffering of an
injured officiating official; and athletes.
• Perform appropriate first aid for injuries and emergencies
in physical activity and sports settings (e.g. cramps,
sprain, heat exhaustion) PE9PF- lb-30

Directions: Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. It is immediate and temporary care given to a person who has
been injured or has suddenly become ill.
a. First Aid
b. R.I.C.E Method
c. Fitness Exercise Program
d. Nutrition and Weight Management
2. A kind of serious injury where the bones at the joints separated.
a. Fracture b. Dislocation c. Injuries d. Strain
3. A break in the bone can occur from either a quick, one-
time injury or from repeated stress to the bone.
a. Fracture b. Injury c. Dislocation d. Sprain

4. A stretch or tear in the ligament, a band of connective tis-

sues that joins the end of one bone with another.
a. Strain b. Sprain c. Fracture d. Dislocation
5. What is the meaning of the letter C in applying the R.I.C.E. method?
a. Convention c. Compression
b. Comprehension d. Complexion
6. Defined as a twist, pull or tear in a muscle or tendon, an accord of
tissue connecting muscle to bone.
a. Sprain b. Strain c. Fracture d. Injury

1
7. After a minor injury, the coach recommended his player to take a
rest at home. The player suffered from swelling. He needs to treat his
injury at home using this method.
a. R.I.C.E b. BMI c. PAR-Q Test d. CPR
8. During the basketball game, Vincent was injured due to an improper
landing after his lay-up. You are the official in charge of the safety
committee, what is the first thing you should do?
a. Give him first aid
b. Call for a help
c. Call an Ambulance
d. Give him a mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
9. Before responding to a first aid scenario, what is the first question
you should ask at the scene?
a. safety of the scene c. time of the injury
b. age of the injured or ill person d. nature of the injury
10. Your younger sibling had a fall and twisted his ankle, what is the
key action you can take to help?
a. Apply something cold to the injury.
b. Apply something hot to the injury.
c. Apply an ointment to relieve pain.
d. Alternate applying something hot and cold to the injury.
11. What are the signs to look for if you think someone has a strain or a
sprain?
a. bruises b. pain c. swelling d. all of these
12. You're helping someone who has a strain or a sprain,
where should you place the ice pack or bag of ice?
a. Unwrapped and close to but not touching the injury.
b. Unwrapped and directly on the injury.
c. Wrapped in material and directly to the injury.
d. Wrapped in material and close to but not touching the injury.
13. Your friend has a strain or sprain and you apply some-
thing cold to the injury. How does this help?
a. It will reduce swelling and pain.
b. It will help keep the joint still.
c. It will calm the person down.
d. It will reduce the risk of scarring.
14. What tissue connects bone to bone?
a. Ligament b. Tendon c. Cartilage d. Muscle

15. Which best describes a condition where there is a heavy

sweating and rapid pulse due to body overheating?
a. Heat Exhaustion c. Heat Index
b. Heat Stroke d. Heat Cramps

2
 Directions: Fill in each line with the common accident that can
happen in the pictures below.

___________________ ___________________ _ _____

___________________ _ __________ _____

____________________ ___________ _ ____

____________________ ____________________ ____

FIRST AID FOR COMMON SPORTS INJURY

Sports injuries may occur during exercise or while participating in sports.
Children are particularly at risk from these types of injuries, but adults can
get them too. You are at risk of sports injuries if you haven’t been regularly
active; don’t warm up properly before exercise; play contact sports; and ne-
glect safety precautions. Thus, learning some basic first aids for these injuries
would surely be of great help.

3
Understanding Common Sports Injuries
Below are some types of sports injuries that officiating officials and athletes
may encounter during the games.

Sprain- a sprain is caused by torn fibers in a ligament ( tissue that connects

bone to bone). Swelling and bruising are some signs and symptoms.

Examples of sprain:

Ankle sprain
Thumb sprain Knee sprain

First Aid:

Apply the R.I.C.E. method

REST. Rest the injured part, especially for the first 24 - 48 hours after
the injury.
ICE. Apply an ice pack or cold compress for 10 - 15 minutes as soon as
possible after the injury. Repeat it every 3 to 4 hours. Do it 4 times a
day for the next 2 to 3 days.
COMPRESSION. It reduces swelling. Use elastic bandage for at least 2
days.
ELEVATION. Elevate the injured area whenever you are sitting or lying
down.

• Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase
swelling.
• Use paracetamol for the first day of injury, to reduce pain without
increasing the bleeding.
• Apply Arnica oil to reduce swelling.
• Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
• After 48 hours, start moving the limp gently, but only enough not to
cause pain.
• Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide.

Strain- Strain is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon (a cord of tissue

connecting muscles to the bones).

4
A muscle strain, or pulled muscle, occurs when your muscle is overstretched
or torn. This usually occurs because of fatigue, overuse, or improper use of a
muscle. Strains can cause pain and may limit movement within the affected
muscle group. (Stiff neck is an example of strain)

First aid:
• Apply ice right away to reduce swelling.
• Wrap the ice in cloth. Do not place ice directly on the skin.
• Apply ice for 10 to 15 minutes every 1 hour for the first day and every
3 to 4 hours after that.

Fracture- a fracture is a break in the bone that can occur from either a
quick, one-time injury to the bone (acute fracture) or from repeated stress to
the bone over time (stress fracture).

Bone Fracture Characteristics

First Aid:
• Apply the R.I.C.E. method.
• Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding
around the broken bones. Don’t move the broken bones. Splints must
be long enough to extend beyond joints above and below the fracture.
• If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply pres-
sure to control bleeding. Don’t try to push the bone back into the wound
and don’t attempt to clean it.
• Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and pelvis
may cause severe internal bleeding.
• Don’t give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed.

Heat Exhaustion- heat exhaustion is a response to heat characterized by

fatigue, weakness, and collapse due to inadequate intake of water to compen-
sate for the loss of fluids during sweating.

5
First Aid:
• Have the victim lie down with
his/ her feet elevated.
• Keep the victim cool.
• Give him/ her electrolyte bever-
ages to sip or make a salted
drink.
• Monitor the victim for signs of
shock.
• If the victim starts having sei-
zures, protect him/her from in-
jury and give first aid for convul-
sions.
• If the victim loses consciousness,
give first aid for unconsciousness.

Dislocations- when two connected bones are separated, the joint is described
as dislocated. Contact sports such as football, basketball, and lacrosse, as
well as high-impact sports that can result in excessive stretching or falling,
cause the majority of dislocations.
Shoulder dislocation Wrist dislocation Hip dislocation

knee dislocation ankle dislocation

First aid:
• Before the medical care arrives, leave the joint alone. Attempting to
move or jam a dislocated bone back in can damage blood vessels, mus-
cles, ligaments, and nerves.
• Put an ice pack covered in a cloth on the area around the joint. Ice can
ease swelling and pain in and around the joint.
• Use ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain.

6
Muscle Cramps- a muscle cramp is a sudden and involuntary contraction of
one or more of your muscles mostly in the leg muscles, particularly in the
calf. Besides the sudden, sharp pain, you might also feel or see a hard lump
of muscle tissue beneath your skin.
First Aid:
• Stretch and massage – lengthen the cramping muscle using a gentle,
sustained stretch, then lightly massage the area until the cramp sub-
sides.
• Icepack – in cases of severe cramp, an icepack applied for a few
minutes may help the muscle relax.
• Medication – some medications can be helpful to control muscle
cramps. See your doctor for further information.
• Further treatment – see your doctor if you experience regular muscle
cramping or if cramps last longer than a few minutes.

Knee Injuries- Knee injuries can result from a blow or twist to the knee, from
improper landing after a jump, or from running too hard, too much, or with-
out a proper warm-up.

Most Common Knee Injuries from Minor to Major Knee Injuries

Minor injuries Major injuries

Tendinitis An anterior cruciate ligament
(ACL)
Patella A posterior cruciate ligament
(PCL)
Femoral compression Medial collateral ligament
syndrome (MCL)
Iliotibial band syndrome Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Bursitis

First Aid
• Stop your activity immediately. Don't 'work through the pain.
• Rest the joint at first.
• Reduce pain, swelling, and internal bleeding with icepacks applied
for 15 minutes every couple of hours.
• Bandage the knee firmly and extend the wrapping down the lower
leg.
• Elevate the injured leg.
• Don’t apply heat to the joint.
• Avoid alcohol, as this encourages bleeding and swelling.
• Don’t massage the joint, as this encourages bleeding and swelling.

7
Activity 1
Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to identify the following injuries.
Write the word on the space after the number.

1. _____________________ 2. ______________________ 3. ___________________

FRETRUCA CIDOSTOLAIN RASPIN

4. _____________________ 5. _____________________
RISTAN THEA EXTIONHAUS

Activity 2.
Directions: Read the situation and answer the following questions.
Jess and Joe are playing Volleyball at Muntinlupa Sports Complex. Acci-
dentally, Jess twisted his right ankle when he tried to catch the ball.

1. What injury did Jess experience?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the best first aid that Joe could apply on Jess’s injury?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. If you were Jess's friend, how would you apply the Rest, Ice, Compress,
and Elevate (R.I.C.E) in Jess' injury? Explain it in a step-by-step process.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

8
Activity 3.
Directions: Give at least 3 factors that can cause injuries. Answer the ques-
tions that follow.
1.
___________________________________________________________________________
2.
___________________________________________________________________________
3.
___________________________________________________________________________

Explain why they can lead to injuries?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

How important are knowledge and skills in applying appropriate first aid
techniques to an injured officiating official or athlete?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Sports injuries may occur during exercise or while participating in sports.

Children are particularly at risk from these types of injuries, but adults can
get them too. You are at risk of sports injuries if you haven’t been regularly
active; don’t warm up properly before exercise; play contact sports; and ne-
glect safety precautions. Thus, learning some basic first aids for these injuries
would surely be of great help.

Activity 1 Situation Analysis.

Directions: Below are some emergencies that usually happen in a sports
league or game. Apply first aid in each situation.
1. The player suffered from muscle cramps in
the middle of the game. What should be done
to prevent it?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

9
2. Jordan sprained his right ankle. How
could this injury be prevented?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

3. This player was exposed to too much

heat and suffered exhaustion during the
match. What should be done to recover
from it?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

Activity 2.
Directions: Pretend that three members of your family had injuries. Make a
short video of yourself giving them first aid. Apply the steps you have learned
from this lesson. Send your video to your teacher.
1. Sprained ankle
2. dislocation
3. muscle cramps.

Activity 3
Directions: Find the best way to alleviate the suffering of a victim by enumer-
ating the procedures of each situation by indicating the numbers (1,2,3,4).
_____ To reduce swelling, elevate his ankle above the level of the heart.
Gravity helps reduce swelling by draining excess fluid.
_____ Use an ice pack or ice slush bath immediately for 15 to 20 minutes
and repeat every two to three hours.
_____ Avoid movements that cause pain, swelling, or discomfort.
_____ To help stop swelling, compress the ankle with an elastic bandage
until the swelling stops. Don't hinder circulation by wrapping too
tightly. Begin wrapping at the end farthest from your heart.

Directions: Choose and encircle the letter of the correct answer:

1. A sprain is an injury of_______ which is usually caused by an injury,
such as twisting your ankle.
a. tendon b. ligament c. muscle d. nerves

10
2. Which of the following is a sign of heat exhaustion?
a. fast heartbeat c. coma
b. dizziness d. continuous heavy sweating

3. What does R.I.C.E. treatment mean?

a. Rest, Ice, Crutches, elevation
b. Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
c. Rest, Ibuprofen, Crutches Exercise
d. Reinforcement, Ice, Cut, Elevation

4. In an open fracture, the skin is:

a. intact b. damaged c. bruised d. fair

5. Which best describes a condition with symptoms including heavy

sweating and a rapid pulse which is a result of body overheating?
a. Heat Exhaustion c. Heat Index
b. Heat Stroke d. Heat Cramps

6. What is an open fracture?

a. It is a break of a bone joint.
b. It is a break with two or more fractures of the same bone.
c. One in which the two sides of the break do not touch each other.
d. One in which the sharp edges of the bone cut through the skin.

7. Your friend has a strain or sprain and you apply something cold to the
injury. How does this help?
a. It will reduce swelling and pain
b. It will help to keep the joint still
c. It will calm the person down
d. It will reduce the risk of scarring

8. If someone is suffering from heat exhaustion, what should we do?

a. Give them water.
b. Immediately call the emergency hotline.
c. Put water on their body to cool them down.
d. Remove them from the sun into a shaded area.

9. It is immediate and temporary care given to a person who has been in-
jured or suddenly became ill.
a. First Aid
b. R.I.C.E Method
c. Fitness Exercise Program
d. Nutrition and Weight Management

10. A stretch or tear in ligament and band of connective tissues that

joins the end of one bone with another.
a. Strain b. Sprain c. Fracture d. Dislocation

11
11. What is the meaning of the letter C in applying the R.I.C.E. method?
a. Convention c. Compression
b. Comprehension d. Complexion

12. A kind of serious injury where the bones form a joint separately.
a. Fracture b. Dislocation c. Injuries d. Strain

13. After a minor injury, the coach recommended his player to take a rest
at home. The player suffered from swelling. He needs to treat his injury
at home using this method.
a. R.I.C.E b. BMI c. PAR-Q Test d. CPR

14. During the basketball game, Vincent was injured due to an improper
landing after his lay-up. You are the official in charge of the safety
committee, what is the first thing you should do?
a. Give him a mouth-to-mouth resuscitation c. Call for a help
b. Give him first aid d. Call an Ambulance

15. A break in the bone can occur from either a quick, one-time injury
or from repeated stress to the bone
a. Fracture b. Injury c. Dislocation d. Sprain

12
 References
Doria, J., et al. (2014). Physical education and health learner’s material -
Grade
9. Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/muscle-
cramp/diagnosis- treatment/DRC-20350825 https://kid-
shealth.org/en/parents/dislocations- sheet.html
Quinn, E. (n.d.). The Right First Aid for Sports Injuries Can Help
You Heal Faster. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from
https://www.verywellfit.com/sports-injury-first-aid-treatment-
3120820
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreat-
ments/knee-injuries
Source: Philippine National Red Cross Safety Services. (1999). Philip-
pine Red Cross Standard First Aid.
Pictures.
https://www.nbcsports.com/philadelphia/sites/c
snphilly/files/styles/ https://mk0hemanklerehajstag.kinstacdn.co
m/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/sprained- ankle-in-basketball.jpg
https://www.nbcsports.com/philadelphia/sites/c
snphilly/files/styles/ 00https://cdn.hswstatic.com/gif/hyperthermia
-explained-2.jpg

Answer key

15. A 15. A
14. B 14. B
13. A 13. A
12. C 12. C
11. D 11. D
10. A 10. A
9. D 9. D
8. A TION 8. B
7. A HEAT EXHAUS- 5. 7. A
6. B STRAIN 4. 6. B
5. C SPRAIN 3. 5. C
4. B DISLOCATION 2. 4. B
3. A FRACTURE 1. 3. A
2. B 2. B
1. A 1. A
Pre-Teest Activities Post-Test

13