CAESAR II

Input Basics Workshop

Getting Started

ƒ Start CAESAR II
ƒ Set the working folder
ƒ Open a new job
ƒ Check units
ƒ Build data

Input Basics 2

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 1
 Work Flow

1) Markup the Drawing

2) Build and Review the Model
3) Error Check the Model
4) Review/Edit Load Cases
5) Run the Analyses
6) Review Results
3 4

5 6

Input Basics 3

Getting Help

ƒ User Guide , Technical Reference,

Application Guide, Quick Reference Guide
ƒ On-line documentation
ƒ F1 on the cell of interest
ƒ Tool tips show dimensions

Input Basics 4

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 2
 CAESAR II Main Menu

Locate working
folder

Menu Bar

Toolbar

Identify Version &

Build

Input Basics 5

Input Spreadsheet

1920x1200 screen resolution

(reduced to 33% here)

Input Basics 6

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 3
 Input Spreadsheet

1280x1024
(reduced to 40% here)

Input Basics 7

Manipulating the Display

Input Basics 8

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 4
 Graphics only

Input Basics 9

Tearing the Input

Input Basics 10

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 5
 Input Tools

Input Basics 11

“Main Menu” Tools

Input Basics 12

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 6
 Input / Edit / List Tools

Input Basics 13

Plot Tools

Input Basics 14

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 7
 Input Strategy

ƒ The physical system is represented by the assembly of

simple “stick” elements
ƒ Node numbers identify the ends of all these elements
ƒ Each piping element is defined in a piping spreadsheet

Input Basics 15

Piping Spreadsheet Layout

Input Basics 16

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 8
 Point vs. Carry-Forward Data

ƒ Entered data is
automatically “carried
forward” to the next
element where
appropriate.
z Carry-forward items are
highlighted in red.
z Point data applies to this
element only (shown in
yellow).

Input Basics 17

Moving Around Spreadsheets

Next, or, if Last,

Create Next

First

Last If Last,
Previous Duplicate <Ctrl>End
PgDn
Next
PgUp (or Mouse Wheel)
<Ctrl>Home
Input Basics 18

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 9
 Deleting Spreadsheets & Data

ƒ <Ctrl>D or
Erases the current spreadsheet/element.

ƒ Delete Key
Erases the current (highlighted) cell. This key is used to
erase errant data in particular fields rather than entire
spreadsheets.

ƒ Double-click Check Box / Click “Aux Tools”

Deletes auxiliary items and their associated information.
A double-click on the check box or pressing the spacebar
for the highlighted checkbox will toggle the entry. Clicking
an “Aux Tools” button will toggle the current entry.
Input Basics 19

Pipe Length - DX, DY & DZ

“English” “SI” “mm”

Input
Output (ft.-in.) Output (m-cm) Output (mm-mm)
6 6 in. 6 cm 6 mm
6-0 6 ft. 6m 6 mm
6- 6 ft. 6m 6 mm
6.3- 6 ft. 3.6 in. 630 cm 6.3 mm
6-10 6 ft. 10 in. 610 cm 16 mm
6-10-1/4 6 ft 10.25 in. 610.25 cm 16.25 mm

ƒ Cell Math (English):

Addition: 6-10+6-2 = (6 ft. 10 in.) + (6 ft. 2 in.) = 13 ft.
Subtraction: -10-3+2-5 = - (10 ft. 3 in.) + (2 ft. 5 in.) = -7 ft. 10 in.

Input Basics 20

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 10
 Available Nominal Pipe OD’s

ƒ ANSI (inches) Units: English

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 42
ƒ JIS (millimeters) Units:SI
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
ƒ DIN (millimeters) Units: mm
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300
350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600
1800 2000 2200

Input Basics 21

Available Pipe Schedules

ƒ ANSI
– ANSI B36.10 Steel Pipe Nominals: S XS XXS
– ANSI B36.10 Steel Pipe Numbers: 10 20 30 40 60 80 100
120 140 160
– ANSI B36.19 SS Pipe Numbers: 5S 10S 40S 80S

ƒ JIS
– JIS 1990 Steel Pipe Numbers: 10 20 30 40 60 80 100
120 140 160
– JIS 1990 SS Pipe Numbers: 5S 10S 40S

ƒ DIN
– The DIN specification does not include schedule numbers.
– Entering S obtains a standard wall thickness for each of the 28
nominal diameters.

Input Basics 22

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 11
 Typical Restraint Definitions

Input Basics 23

Non-Linear Conditions in CAESAR II

ƒ Terminology applies to restraint definitions or boundary

conditions.

ƒ The piping system boundary conditions (i.e. the

restraints) are represented as stiffnesses, or springs, in
the equation being solved: [K]{x} = {f}.

ƒ A constant value for stiffness K models a linear

boundary. Piping systems have restraint conditions that
change; these “nonlinear” restraints are more complex.

Input Basics 24

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 12
 Linear vs. Non-Linear

ƒ Example of a linear boundary

conditions include a double
acting rigid restraint, such as a
“Y” support or a spring hanger.
ƒ The force versus displacement
curve for these restraints is a
straight line … linear.
ƒ The slope of the line is the
stiffness.

Input Basics 25

Linear vs. Non-Linear

ƒ A “+Y” support is a non-linear

support.
ƒ Its force vs displacement
curve is not a straight line.
ƒ Stiffness only exists for
negative displacements.
ƒ For positive displacements,
the stiffness is zero.

Input Basics 26

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 13
 Linear vs. Non-Linear

ƒ A “gap” is also a non-linear

support.
ƒ The force vs. displacement
curve is not a straight line.
ƒ There is no added stiffness
in the gap.

Input Basics 27

Other Non-Linear Conditions

ƒ Friction
ƒ Large rotation rods
ƒ Bi-linear restraints

Input Basics 28

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 14
 Connecting Nodes

Input Basics 29

Connecting Nodes

ƒ These two models are

structurally identical.
ƒ The model at right has an
ANCHOR at 55 with a
CNODE of 56. There is
NO element 55 - 56.
ƒ The anchor will now show
the “internal” loads of 55
on 56.

Input Basics 30

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 15
 Connecting Nodes

ƒ CNODEs are a very flexible, useful feature of

CAESAR II.
ƒ Think of a CNODE as:
– a “ball & socket joint”, some DOFs are related
(such as translation), while others are not (such as
rotation) -or-
– the other end of the restraint.
ƒ A restraint with CNODE can even replace a pipe
element.

Input Basics 31

Insulation & Fluid Density

ƒ Insulation
– If insulation density is left blank, CAESAR II will use the
density of calcium silicate (0.00665 lbf./cu.in.) with the
insulation thickness to determine insulation weight.
– Refractory lining can be included using a negative
insulation thickness. The volume will be calculated by
projecting the thickness inside rather than outside the
pipe.
ƒ Fluid
– Fluid density may be entered directly in terms of
specific gravity by following the number with “SG”, as in
0.8SG. Specific gravity is immediately converted to
density.
Input Basics 32

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 16
 Rigid Element Characteristics

ƒ Stiffness based on 10 times ƒ If WEIGHT > 0

wall thickness specified weight
+ fluid weight
+ 1.75 * insulation thickness
(based on specified OD)
Total Weight

ƒ If WEIGHT = 0
Total Weight = 0, regardless of
specified fluid & insulation

Input Basics 33

Valve/Flange Databases

CAESAR II provides several

databases containing rigid
length & weight. CADWORX &
CRANE provide catalog data.
GENERIC & NOFLANGE
contain simpler data.

Be aware of the lengths (L) used

by CAESAR II...

Input Basics 34

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 17
 Bend Element Basics

ƒ Bends can only be defined on the element entering the

bend (at the “To Node”).
ƒ The two elements which contain the bend must be
contiguous.
ƒ The layout of the two elements containing the bend,
define the bend angle.

Input Basics 35

Bend Node Numbering

Input Basics 36

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 18
 Dimensioning Bends

Actual node
Node locations
locations:
for
dimensioning:

Input Basics 37

Reducers

Enter the “To” End data

here or enter the size
on the next element.

“From” End

Alpha, the “slope” of the

reducer, will be estimated
if not entered.

Input Basics 38

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 19
 Duplicating Data

ƒ Locate selection
ƒ Click on Group Select
ƒ Drag box around selection
ƒ Click Duplicate
ƒ Enter Data
ƒ Review plot

Input Basics 39

Duplicating Data

ƒ What’s wrong?
ƒ 60-70 is
duplicated as
130-140
ƒ Change to
130-70

Input Basics 40

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 20
 Imposed Displacements

ƒ A pipe support or anchor may impose movement through

thermal growth or settlement.
ƒ Do not model this boundary condition as a support or
anchor. Instead, define the displacement for the support
or a complete set of displacements and rotations for the
anchor.

Input Basics 41

Imposed Displacements

Input Basics 42

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 21
 Imposed Displacements

ƒ Hint, a vector of six zeros for displacement is identical to

an anchor.
ƒ An undefined term is “free”.
ƒ Load sets including the displacement set “Dn” will show
these displacements,
e.g. W+T1+P1+D1.
ƒ Load sets without a displacement set will show zeroes for
the six terms, just like an anchor, e.g. W+P1.

Input Basics 43

Starting the Analysis

ƒ Click Error
Check

ƒ Click on the
Error
ƒ Click on
Zoom to
Selection

Input Basics 44

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 22
 Building and Using Load Case

ƒ CAESAR II recommends loads cases for new jobs.

ƒ CAESAR II keeps the load cases from the last analysis.
ƒ CAESAR II does not “recommend” occasional load sets.

Input Basics 45

The Load Case Editor

Reset
recommended
cases

Mimic
Set number
another
of cycles
model

Input Basics 46

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 23
 Building and Using Load Cases

ƒ All load components (primitive loads) defined in the job are

displayed.
ƒ These primitive loads are combined to make up the load
cases.
ƒ Load cases, too, may be combined to create additional
load cases.
ƒ All primitive combinations must be defined before load
case combinations.

Input Basics 47

Basic CAESAR II Loads

ƒ W, WNC, WW – pipe and insulation weight with contents,

with no content, with water weight
ƒ T1, T2, …, T9 – thermal strain
ƒ HP, P1, P2, …, P9 – hydrostatic & pipe pressure
ƒ H, F1, F2, …, F9 – hanger preload, itemized loads
ƒ D1, D2, …, D9 – imposed displacements
ƒ CS – cold spring; cut short or cut long
ƒ U1, U2, U3 – added load per unit length (or g)
ƒ WIND1, WIND2, …, WIND4 – wind loads
ƒ WAVE1, WAVE2, …, WAVE4 – hydrodynamic loads

Input Basics 48

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 24
 Building Load Cases

ƒ Load cases usually serve three purposes in a CAESAR II

analysis
– Develop code-defined stresses
– Examine structural response at various states (e.g.
installed and operating condition)
– Collect data to size spring hangers

Input Basics 49

Default stress categories

ƒ Operating, Sustained and Expansion cases will be built

(recommended) with these components:
– Sustained components:
ƒ W, P1-P9, H
– Expansion components:
ƒ T1-T9, D1-D9
ƒ The following load components must be explicitly
entered in a load case:
– Occasional:
ƒ U1-U3, WIND1-WIND4, WAVE1-WAVE4, F1-F9
– Structural:
ƒ WNC, WW, HP, CS
Input Basics 50

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 25
 Load Case/Stress Types

ƒ Each load case includes a load case identifier

ƒ These identifiers determine how the results are
calculated and used
ƒ SUStained, EXPansion, OCCasional, OPErating, and
FATigue set the stress calculation and allowable
stress
ƒ HYDrostatic and HGR (hanger) set support
configuration and data availability

Input Basics 51

Examples of Basic Load Sets

ƒ For a job with W,P1,T1,D1 and loaded spring hangers:

– W+T1+P1+D1+H (OPE)
– W+P1+H (SUS)
–…
ƒ For a job with W,P1,P2,T1,T2:
– W+T1+P1 (OPE)
– W+T2+P2 (OPE)
– W+P1 (SUS)
– W+P2 (SUS)
–…

Input Basics 52

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 26
 Combining Load Cases

ƒ Load cases can be combined for structural and/or stress

evaluation.
ƒ All basic load cases must be defined before these
combinations can be constructed.
ƒ For example, expansion stress range is taken between
two “states”, typically, between operating and installed
states.
ƒ And, sustained stresses are summed with occasional
stresses for comparison to the allowed limit.

Input Basics 53

Load Combinations

ƒ L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE)

L2: W+P1 (SUS)
L3: L1-L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range

ƒ L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE)

L2: W+P1 (SUS)
L3: WIND1 (OCC)
L4: L1-L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range
L5: L2+L3 (OCC) :sustained + occasional stress

Input Basics 54

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 27
 Combining Load Cases

ƒ Load case combinations are identified by the prefix L

– L1+L2 combines load case 1 and load case 2
– L2+1.5L3 combines 1.5 times load case 3 with load
case 2
ƒ There are several ways to combine load cases:
– Algebraic (e.g. expansion range)
– Scalar (e.g. sustained plus occasional)
– Max/Min (display max or min absolute)

Input Basics 55

Load Case Options

Adjust
supports

Globally
Edit load What
How to modify
case names to Select
combine friction
Keep or keep Young’s
discard load Modulus
the output cases
report

Input Basics 56

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 28
 Load Case Options

ƒ Change the display name

ƒ Select what reports (if any) to build in the output
ƒ Set the combination method
ƒ Activate snubbers
ƒ Lock/unlock spring supports
ƒ Specify a Young’s Modulus
ƒ Globally adjust coefficient of friction

Input Basics 57

Structural vs. Stress Analysis

L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE)

L2: W+P1 (SUS)
L3: WIND1 (OCC)
L4: W+T1+P1+WIND1 (OPE)
L5: L1-L2 (EXP) (Algebraic)
L6: L2+L3 (OCC) (Scalar)
structural stress
(restraint loads & system deflections) (code-defined)

Input Basics 58

CAESAR II
Input Basics Handout 29