Sheet No.

: 1 of 3
CALCULATION SHEET
Calculation No.:
CROSS-SECTION CLASSIFICATION Project No.:
UNDER BENDING AND COMPRESSION
(EN 1993-1-1) CALC. By: Date: 03/11/2021

Cross-section classification under bending and compression ref.3 pdf.pg. 31/167

A member is designed to carry combined bending and axial load. In the presence of a major
axis y-y bending moment and an axial force of 300kN, determine the cross-section
classification of a 406x178x54UKB in grade S275 steel.

NOTE: THE WORK IS IN

PROGRESS

section properties for 406x178x54 UKB ; 1 is for column

; 2 is for beam
h2 := 402.6mm ; 3 is for angle clip
; 4 is for gusset
b2 := 177.7mm
tw2 := 7.7mm
tf2 := 10.9mm
r2 := 10.2mm
2
A2 := 6900mm

Characteristic (nominal) values in design calculation for hot rolled shapes

EN 1993-1-1 §3.2.3(4) table 3.1 pdf.pg.30/95
NOTE:
Although not explicitly stated in EN 1993-1-1, it is recommended that, for rolled sections, the
thickness of the thickest element is used to define a single yield strength to be applied to the
entire cross-section.

Member material steel grade S275

N N
fy2 := 275
2
( )
if max tw2 , tf2 ≤ 40mm = 275
2
; yield strength
mm mm
N
255
2
( )
if 40mm < max tw2 , tf2 < 80mm
mm
 Sheet No.: 2 of 3
CALCULATION SHEET
Calculation No.:
CROSS-SECTION CLASSIFICATION Project No.:
UNDER BENDING AND COMPRESSION
(EN 1993-1-1) CALC. By: Date: 03/11/2021

N N
fu2 := 430
2
( )
if max tw2 , tf2 ≤ 40mm = 430
2
; ultimate tensile strength
mm mm
N
410
2
(
if 40mm < max tw2 , tf2 < 80mm )
mm

EN 1993-1-1 §3.2.6 pdf.pg.32/95

N
E2 := 210000
2
mm

Section properties - First, classify the cross-section under the most severe loading condition
of pure compression to determine whetever anything is to be gained by more precise calculation

EN 1993-1-1 §5.5.2 pdf.pg.44/95

N
235
2
mm
ε2 := = 0.924
fy2

outstand flanges (table 5.2, sheet 2)

(b2 − tw2 − 2r2)

cf2 := = 74.8 mm
2
cf2
= 6.862 ε 2 = 8.32
9ε
tf2

 cf2 
check_class_1 := if  9ε
ε2 ≥ , "flange Class is 1" , "back to table 5.2 sh.2"  = "flange Class is 1"
 tf2 

Web - internal part in compression (table 5.1 sheet 1):

cw2 := h2 − 2tf2 − 2r2 = 360.4 mm

cw2
= 46.805 ε 2 = 38.825
42ε
tw2

 cw2 
check_class_2 := if  42ε
ε2 ≤ , "web Class is 4" , "back to table 5.2 sh1"  = "web Class is 4"
 tw2 
Under pure compression, the overall cross-section classification is therefore Class 4.
calculation and material efficiency are therefore to be gained by using more precise approach.

Cross-section classification under combined loading (clause 5.5.2)

Flange classification remains as Class 1.
Web - internal part in bending and compression (table 5.2, sheet 1)

From table 5.2 (sheet 1), for a Class 2 cross-section:

 Sheet No.: 3 of 3
CALCULATION SHEET
Calculation No.:
CROSS-SECTION CLASSIFICATION Project No.:
UNDER BENDING AND COMPRESSION
(EN 1993-1-1) CALC. By: Date: 03/11/2021

NEd := 300kN ; compressive force

1  h2 1 NEd 
α 2 :=  + − ( tf2 + r2 ) = 0.697 ; (D5.4) ref.no.3.pdf.pg.32/167
cw2  2 2 tw2 fy2 

( )
check_21 := if α 2 ≤ 1 , "OK!" , "not ok!" = "OK!"

456ε
ε2 41.5ε
ε2
= 52.331 = 55.076
α2 − 1
13α α2

( )
check_class_3 := if α 2 > 0.5 , "GO TO CK 4" , "check_4 is N/A" = "GO TO CK 4"
 cw2 456εε2 
check_class_4 := if  ≤ , "web Class is 2" , "back to table 5.2 sh1"  = "web Class is 2"
 tw2 13α α2 − 1 

( )
check_class_5 := if α 2 ≤ 0.5 , "GO TO CK6" , "check_6 is N/A" = "check_6 is N/A"
 cw2 41.5εε 2 
check_class_6 := if  ≤ , "web Class is 2" , "back to table 5.2 sh1"  = "web Class is 2"
 tw2 α2 

Overall cross-section classification under combined loading is therefore Class 2.

Conclusion
For this cross-section, a maximum axial force of 411kN may be sustained in combination with a
major axis bending moment, whilst remaining within the limit of a Class 2 section.

Cross-section and member resistance to combined bending and axial force is covered in
Section 6.2.9 (ref.no.3 pdf.pg.54/167) and 6.3.3 of this guide ref. 3, respectively.

References:
1.EN-1993-1-1
2.EN 1995-1-5
3.Designers Guide to Eurocode 3 - Design of Steel Buildings 2nd edition

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