CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This portion of the study discloses and explains the research design, participants of the

study, data gathering instrument, data gathering procedures and the statistical treatment applied

in the study.

Research Design

This study used the descriptive correlational research design. In other words,

descriptive research primarily focuses on describing the nature of demographic segment,

without focusing on “why” a certain phenomenon occurs. In other words, it “describes” the

subject of the research without covering “why” it happens.

This research design was used in the study to find out the respondents’ perception of

speaking skills. By applying this, the researchers were able to assess the relationship between

developing in Grade 12 students through grading performances.

Subjects of the Study

A total of seventy-five (75) students from Grade 12 students of St. Thomas Academy

enrolled in School Year 2020-2021 were chosen to be respondents of the study. Research

chose sample respondents in each section of Grade 12 students. They were the one who

participated in completing the questionnaire given by the researchers. The researchers’ aim

was to include all the sections in Grade 12, the students were the respondents to meet the

objectives of the study as well as to complete the given questionnaire.

Sampling process was used to pick seventy-five (75) respondents from the

whole population.

Data Gathering Instrument

 This research made use of self- constructed validated questionnaire. It had undergone

validation through consultations with the Research and Statistics teachers for comments and

suggestions. A focus group who took the questionnaire for dry-run completed the validation

process. Some items were removed and revised after the process, thus the final draft.

The questionnaire is composed of self-constructed items related to the perceived effects

of speaking skills and how it affects their grading performances. It is composed of two parts.

The first part of the questionnaire talks about the respondents' possible positive and negative

perception in their speaking skills and the second part talks about the respondents' possible

positive and negative perception on their grading performance in using their speaking skills.

Each part is composed of fifteen (15) items that can be answered with strongly agree. Agree,

fairly disagree, and disagree that are represented by the numbers 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively.

To interpret the respondents' perception in their speaking skills through grading

performances based on the percentile scale, the following scale was employed:

The researchers gathered data using a self-constructed questionnaire that is checked,

revised and validated by our research teacher.

The questionnaire was composed of self-constructed items related to the Speaking

skills: Developing in Grade 12 students through grading performances in St. Thomas

Academy. It was divided into two parts. The first part, which was composed of fifteen (15)

items, is all about view point on the speaking skills. The second part is about the grading

performances in St. Thomas Academy, which was composed of fifteen (15) items. The parts

were answerable by Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree which were

represented by the numbers 4,3,2,1 respectively.

To interpret the respondents’ viewpoint to the speaking skills through grading

performances based on the percentile scale, the following scales were employed:
 Options Range Verbal Interpretation

4 3.50-4.00 Strongly agree

3 2.50-3.49 Agree

2 1.50-2.49 Strongly disagree

1 1.00-1.49 Disagree

Data Gathering Procedure

After the approval of the title of the researchers' adviser, construction of the statement of

the problem immediately followed. Then, the researchers started to work on and started to

gather data for the exploration of the chosen and approved title.

Upon the approval of the title by the research teacher, the statement of the problem was

constructed by the research teacher. Then, the researchers started to gather data to support the

study.

The researcher gathers different resources such as previous studies, internet resources

and even the researchers’ own experience to make the questionnaire. After the corrections,

comments and suggestions of the research teacher, the researchers proceeded in making

questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to seventy-five (75) Grade 12 students of St.

Thomas Academy on October 2020 and were collected afterwards.

Before answering, the respondents were given assurance that the information they will give will

be confidential and for the purpose of the research only. Then, the data were carefully

enumerated and treated with the proper use of statistical treatment for analysis and

interpretation.
Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical tools were utilized in this study to come up with a clear

interpretation of gathered data from the respondents.

Rank was used to determine the respondents’ viewpoint on the Speaking skills:

developing incoming grade 12 students through grading performance

Weighted Mean was used to determine the respondents’ assessment on

Speaking skills: developing incoming grade 12 students through grading performances

Formula:

∑xi

WM = _________

Where:

xi is the response of the respondents

N is the total number of the respondents

Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient or Pearson r was used to

determine the relationship between the respondents' perception of speaking skills and their

perceived grading performances.

Formula:

N∑xy – (∑x) (∑)

r= ________________________________________

_________________________________
 √ [N ∑x2 - (∑x) 2 [N ∑ y2 – (∑ y) 2]

Where:

N = the total number of respondents

∑x = respondents’ perception of English as medium of instruction

∑y= respondents’ speaking attitudes toward the use

of English language