Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CLINICAL
PATHWAY
FOR
HYPERGLYCEMIC
CRISIS
FOR
ADULTS
PATIENT
NAME
AGE
GENDER
WT
HT
BMI
IBW
SIGN:
LAST
NAME
FIRST
NAME
MIDDLE
NAME
BP
_____
mmHg
HR
_____
bpm
RR
_____
cpm
Temp
____C
O2
sat
____
%
CBG
______mg/dl
Blood
sugar
>250
mg/dl
or
>200
mg/dl
on
an
SGLT-‐2
inhibitor
with
signs
of
dehydration
EMERGENCY
ROOM
ORDER
SHEET
PHYSICIAN’S
NOTES
ORDERS
Please
order
for
the
following
test/s:
Date
__________________
Time
_____________
SUBJECTIVE
COMPLAINTS
PE
FINDINGS
Arterial
Blood
Gas
Complete
Blood
Count
Polyuria
Kussmaul’s
Serum
Ketones
Polydipsia
respiration
Sodium,
Potassium,
Chloride
Weight
loss
Poor
skin
turgor
BUN,
Creatinine
Weakness
Tachycardia
Urinalysis,
urine
ketones
Fever
Hypotension
Electrocardiogram
Nausea
Mental
status
Chest
X-‐ray
Vomiting
changes
HBA1C
Abdominal
pain
Other/s:
________________
Other/s:
__________________
Other/s:
___________________________________________
__________________________
__________________________
___________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT:
Please
give
the
following
medications:
TYPE
1
DIABETES
MELLITUS
(Refer
to
management
on
next
page)
TYPE
2
DIABETES
MELLITUS
Nutrition:
Put
on
NPO
for
4
to
6
hours
until
patient
is
stable.
DIABETIC
KETOACIDOSIS
Intravenous
Fluid:
MILD
MODERATE
SEVERE
0.9%
NaCL,
fast
drip:
__________
mL
then
run
at
HYPEROSMOLAR
HYPERGLYCEMIC
STATE
_________
mL/hour
0.45%
NaCL,
fast
drip:
_________
mL
then
run
at
_________
mL/hour
Insulin:
If
K+
<
3.3
meq/L;
HOLD
INSULIN
Give
______
units/IV
(0.1
unit/kg
as
IV
bolus)
then
start
IV
continuous
insulin
infusion
at
________
unit/hr
(0.1
unit/kg/hr)
Potassium:
Give
_______
meq
KCL/hr
Repeat
K+
every
2
hours
Bicarbonate:
Give
100
mmoL
in
400
mL
H20
+
20
meqs
KCL
x
2
hours,
repeat
every
2
hours
until
pH
≥
7
Other/s:
______________________________________
______________________________________________
Admit
to
Intensive
Care
Unit
Admit
to
Regular
Room
Refer
to
Endocrinologist
or
Diabetologist
to
activate
pathway
(DKA
or
HHS)
Keep
on
NPO
DIET:
______________________________________
___________________________________________
Monitor
CBG
every
______
hour/s
Activated
by:
Acknowledged
by:
_________________________________________________
______________________________________________
ATTENDING
PHYSICIAN
/
RESIDENT
–
IN
–
CHARGE
NURSE
–
IN
–
CHARGE
IV
FLUIDS
POTASSIUM
INSULIN
BICARBONATE
Assess
hydration
status
K+
<3.3
K+
=
3.3-‐5.2
K+
>5.2
Give
0.1
unit/kg
pH
≥
6.9
pH
<
6.9
meq/L
meq/L
meq/L
as
IV
bolus
then
Severe
Mild
Cardiogenic
hypovolemia
dehydration
shock
start
IV
continuous
insulin
infusion
HOLD
INSULIN
at
0.1
unit/kg/hr
DO
NOT
GIVE
K+
Administer
Administer
0.9%
Evaluate
Hemodynamic
Give
20-‐30
meq
Check
serum
K+
every
NO
100mmol
NaCl
(1-‐2L/hr)
or
in
400
ml
corrected
serum
monitoring/
KCL/hr
until
K+
2
hours
HCO3
15-‐20
>3.3meq/L
H20
+
Na+
pressors
ml/kg/BW/hr
20meqs
Monitor
CBG
every
1-‐2
hours
KCL
x
2
Increase
insulin
by
two-‐ hours
Give
20-‐30
meq
KCL/hr
to
threefold
if
no
response
after
maintain
serum
K+
between
2-‐4
hours
High
Normal
Low
4-‐5
meq/L
(Less
aggressive
KCL
given
in
renal
failure)
Repeat
every
2
0.45%
NaCl
at
0.9%
NaCl
at
FOR
DKA
/
HHS
hours
until
250-‐500ml/hr
to
250-‐500ml/hr
to
pH
≥
7
replace
ongoing
replace
ongoing
Follow
insulin
protocol
algorithm
losses
losses
Monitor
serum
K+
every
2
hours
CBG
≤250
mg/dl
CBG
>
250
mg/dl
Shift
to
D5
Continue
PNSS
containing
fluid
After
resolution
of
DKA
or
HHS
and
patient
is
able
to
Reference:
Abbas
E.K,,
Guillermo
eat,
initiate
SC
insulin
multidose
regimen.
E.U.,
John
M.M.,
Joseph
N.F.
Continue
IV
insulin
infusion
for
1-‐2
hours
after
SC
Hyperglycemic
Crises
in
Adult
Patients
insulin
given
to
ensure
adequate
plasma
insulin
With
Diabetes.
Diabetes
Care
Jul
levels.
2009,
32
(7)
1335-‐
1343;
DOI:
10.2337/dc09-‐9032.
Kasper,
D.
L.,
Fauci,
A.
S.,
Hauser,
S.
L.,
In
insulin
naïve
patients
start
at
0.5
to
0.8
Longo,
D.
L.
1.,
Jameson,
J.
L.,
&
Loscalzo,
J.
(2018).
Harrison's
principles
of
internal
units/kg/day
and
adjust
as
needed.
medicine
(20th
edition.).
New
York:
McGraw
Hill
Education.
Lupsa,
B.C.,
Inzucchi,
S.E.
Diabetic
Ketoacidosis
and
Hyperosmolar
Hyperglycemic
Syndrome.
Endocrine
Emergencies:
Recognition
and
Treatment
(2014).
New
Yory:
Springer
Science+Business
Media