Private Water Supply Sources

Engr. Sean Kyle R. Mabiog, RMP, SO2

What are the available water supply sources
for private domestic use?
Providing water in buildings is one of the most critical utility
requirements. A building without water supply is unfit for human
habitation.
Generally, potable water is supplied from local utility firm through a
public water system.
For buildings without public water system, an alternative source of
water must be considered, they are:
a. Springs
b. Wells
c. Rainwater
What are the factors that affect springs and
wells?
The factors that affect springs and wells are:
a. Ground Formations – the sections of the found formations relative
to the availability of groundwater can define the suitability of the
type of private water supply source to be used.
b. Groundwater – the accumulated ground water tends to flow
towards a natural outlet referred to as spring. Water lying above the
impermeable layer is known as groundwater and its surface is
referred to as the water table.
Ground Formation for Springs and Shallow
Well

In most conditions, springs are shallow wells with water supply

just a few meters from the ground surface.
What is a Spring Box?
A spring box is a structure engineered to allow groundwater to be
obtained from a natural spring. The spring box functions to protect the
spring water from contamination, normally by surface runoff or contact
with human and animals, and provides a point of collection and a place
for sedimentation.
What are Water Wells?
Wells are holes or shafts sunk into the earth to obtain water from an
aquifer.

The design and construction of a well requires:

a. Scientific knowledge of hydrogeology
b. Common sense
c. Practical experience
Ground Formation for a Deep Well:
Ground Formation for an Artesian Well
What are the types of wells?
The types of wells according to the method of its construction are,
1. Dug
2. Bored
3. Driven
4. Drilled
a. Percussion or Standard
b. Rotary
c. Reverse-circulation rotary
d. Jetting
What is a Dug Well?
Dug well is a well 0.90 to 6 meters
in diameter dug through soft
upper soil. The sides may be of
masonry or concrete to prevent
from caving-in. It is necessary
that the well should be
impervious to a depth of at least
3 meters.
What is a Bored Well?
Bored Well is constructed using
either hand or power driven earth
auger. A well casing is lowered to
the bottom of the hole. Cement
grout is poured into the gap
between the hole and the casing
to prevent contamination.
What is a Driven Well?
Driven Well is done by forcing into the
earth a 60 to 90 cm long piece of
perforated steel tube attached to a
pointed screen called a “drive point”
What is a Drilled Well?
A drilling rig is used to drill the well
hole and then a casing pipe is
forced down the hole to prevent it
from caving-in. When a water-
bearing stratum of sufficient
capacity is found, a well screen is
set in place to permit the water to
flow into the casing and to hold
back the fine material.
Truck Mounted Drilling Machine
The depth of a drilled well is limited
only by the distance one must dig to
obtain an adequate supply of fresh
water, even down to 450 meters
(equivalent to a 130 storey building).
Drilled Well by Jetting
Rainwater Collection System
Rainwater harvesting remains a viable water source alternative that can
be used for flushing water closets and urinals as well as for landscape
purposes wherein potable water is not necessary.
This system typically employs a cistern or covered reservoir tanks to
store water collected from the roofs or other relatively clean,
impervious surfaces.
Annual Precipitation refers to the yearly amount of liquid precipitation.
It includes both amount of liquid water contained in frozen types of
precipitation, such as snow or hail.
According to Weather by CustomWeather 2021, the annual
precipitation of Oriental Mindoro is 1435.4 mm (per year)
Details of a Rainwater
Collection System
Details of
Rainwater
Catchment
Tank
Rainwater Cistern
End of Discussion.