Rizal’s Family and Childhood

Dr. Jose Rizal

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

 June 19, 1861- moonlit of Wednesday between eleven and midnight Jose Rizal was born in
the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna
 June 22, 1861- aged three days old, Rizal was baptized in the Catholic church
 Father Rufino Collantes- a Batangueno, the parish priest who baptized Rizal
 Father Pedro Casanas- Rizal’s godfather, native of Calamba and close friend of the Rizal
family.
 Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery- the governor general of the Philippines when Rizal was
born.

Who is Dr. Jose Rizal?

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 Philippine Hero

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 A linguist, he knows about 22 languages, traveller

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 A talented, brilliant and genius man of honor

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 An Ophthalmologist
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A poet, a novelist, philosopher and a historian
 He is also a Farmer- Business man
 Sculptor : “The Triumph of Science over Death”
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 Cartographer
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 Bibliophile
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 Sportsman: Fencing, Archery and Chess

Jose Rizal’s Name- Origin

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 Doctor- completed his medical course in Spain and was conferred the degree of Licentiate in
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Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid.

 Jose- was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian Saint San Jose
(St.Joseph)
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 Protacio - from Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendar

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Rizal- from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green,
sprouts again.
 Mercado- adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose
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Rizal) which the Spanish term Mercado means ‘market’ in English

 Y- and
 Alonzo- old surname of his mother
 Realonda- it was used by Dona Teodora from the surname of her godmother based on the
culture by that time.

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 Who is Domingo Lam-co?

 Rizal Family’s Paternal Ascendant

 A full-blood Chinese from Amoy, China
 Came to the Philippines and married a Half-Chinese lady named Ines de la Rosa in late 16th
century
 He took the last name Mercado in early 17th century

Francisco Mercado Rizal

 Born in Binan, Laguna on May 11, 1818

 Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila
 Became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican- owned hacienda
 A hardy and independent- minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was strong
in body and valiant in spirit

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Died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80
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Rizal affectionate called him “a model of fathers”

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Teodora Alonso Realonda

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Born in Manila on November 8, 1826
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 Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city
 A remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and the
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fortitude of Spartan women

 Is a woman of more than ordinary culture: she knows literate and speaks Spanish (according
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to Rizal)
 Died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85

The Rizal Siblings

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
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Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913)- Eldest child of Rizal- Alonso marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo
Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas nicknamed Neneng
 Paciano Rizal (1851-1930)- only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San
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Jose College in Manila. Became farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution he
was immortalized by Jose Rizal in his first novel Noli Me Tangere as Pilosopo Tasyo
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 Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939) – the third child married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a
teacher and musician her pet name is Sisa
 Olympia Rizal (1855-1887)- the fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from
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childbirth. Ypia was her pet name.

 Lucia Rizal (1857-1919) the fifth child. Married to Matriano Herbosa, he was denied a
Christian burial because he was the brother-in-law of Jose Rizal
 Maria Rizal (1859-1945)- the sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Binan, Laguna. Her
nickname was Biang

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  Jose Rizal (1861-1896) the second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the
Spaniards on December 30, 1896. His nickname was Pepe
 Conception Rizal (1862-1865)- the eight child. Died at the age of three. Her pet name was
Concha, she died of sickness at 3; her death was Jose Rizal’s first sorrow.
 Josefa Rizal (1865- 1945) the ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster- her pet name was
Panggoy
 Trinidad Rizal (1868- 1951) The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die .
Trining was her pet name, also died an old maid
 Soledad Rizal (1870-1929) the youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero, her pet name
was Choleng

The Rizal Family: A Good Middle Class Family

 They beyond to the Principalia

 Had a large 2-storey Stone House, a Carjuahe and a vast private library home of 1,000 and

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more books

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 Can afford to send their children to Manila for college

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Highlights about Rizal’s Childhood

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The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he
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was three years old
 Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall, Rizal related, his
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mother gathered all the children at the house to pray the Angelus
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 Another memory of Rizal’s infancy was the nocturnal walk

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 Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town) a poem about Rizal’s beloved town
written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old and was a student in the Ateneo de
Manila.
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Highlights about Rizal’s Childhood

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 The death of little Concha brought Rizal his first sorrow

 At the age of three, Rizal began to take a part in the family prayers
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 When Rizal was five years old, he was able to read and haltingly the Spanish family bible
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The Story of the Moth- made the profoundest impression on Rizal “died a martyr to its
illusions”

Highlights about Rizal’s Childhood

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 At the age of five, Rizal began to make sketches with his pencil and to mold in clay and wax
objects which attracted his fancy
 Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children)- Rizal’s first poem in native languages at the
age of eight reveals Rizal’s earliest nationalist sentiments
 At the age eight, Rizal wrote his first dramatic work which was a Tagalog comedy

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 Influences on Rizal’s Childhood

 Tio Jose Alberto- studied for eleven years in British school in Calcutta, India and had
traveled in Europe. He inspired Rizal to develop his artistic ability.
 Tio Manuel- a husky and athletic man, encouraged Rizal to develop his frail body by means
of physical exercises.
 Tio Gregorio- a book lover, intensified Rizal’s voracious reading of good book
 Father Leoncio Lopez- the old and learned parish of Calamba, fostered Rizal’s live for
scholarship and intellectual honesty.
 The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was remarkable woman of good character
and fine culture- her mother
 Maestro Celestino- Rizal’s first private tutor
 Maestro Lucas Padua – Rizal’s second tutor
 Leon Monroy - a former classmate of Rizal’s father became Rizal’s tutor that instructed Jose

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in Spanish and Latin. He died five months later

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 Sunday afternoon in June, 1869 – Rizal left Calamba for Binan accompanied by Paciano

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Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – Rizal’s teacher in a private school in Binan. Rizal
described his teacher as follows: he was thin, long-necked, with a sharp nose and a body

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slightly bent forward.
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Pedro- the teacher’s son which Rizal challenged to a fight
 Andres Salandanan- challenged Rizal to an arm-wrestling match
 Juancho – an old painter who was the father-in-law of the school teacher; freely give Rizal
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lessons in drawing and painting.

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 Jose Guevara – Rizal’s classmate who also loved painting, became apprentices of the old
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painter
 Christmas in 1870 – Rizal receive a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the
arrival of the steamer Talim which would take him from Binan to Calamba
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 Saturday afternoon, December 17, 1870- Rizal left Binan after one year and half of
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schooling
 Arturo Camps- a frenchman friend of Rizal’s father who took care of him on board
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