Nusrat Jahan

Lecturer (Grade-I)
Department of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology
Nusrat Jahan, Lecturer, Dept. of CE, AUST 1
Seepage
 The slow escape of a liquid or gas through porous
material or small holes.
 A phenomenon which involves passage of liquid
through a permeable medium.

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 Difference between Permeability and
Seepage
Permeability Seepage
Permeability is a measure of its porosity Seepage is a phenomenon of movement
in soil medium to allow fluids pass of water and air through a soil medium
through it. which is permeable.
Permeability is the ability to flow Seepage is the flow of water through
through voids. voids. (Permeability of soil is the initial
condition for seepage)

Example: Dhoni had ability to score 100 Example: Dhoni is scoring 100 runs is
runs is permeability. seepage.

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Laplace’s Equation of Continuity

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Suppose flow occurs in xz plane.
Volume of water entering the soil element per unit time,
i.e.,

 Rate of change of velocity in x – direction =

Rate of change of velocity in z – direction =

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Continuity Equation For Solution of
Simple Flow Problems

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Example 8.1

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Properties of flow nets:
 Two flow lines or two equipotential lines never intersect each
other.
 Flow lines and equipotential lines must intersect at right
angle.
 The area bounded between two flow lines is called flow
channel.
 The area bounded between two flow lines and two
equipotential lines is called flow field.
 The flow field is square for isotropic soil and rectangular for
anisotropic soil.
 Flow net is unique graph for the given boundary conditions, it
remains same even the upstream and downstream heads are
reversed.
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Seepage Calculation from a Flow Net

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Example 8.2

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Seepage through an earth dam on an impervious
base

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Example 8.5

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