PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO.

12

1. What are some special precautions upon taking over-the counter medicines?
● Consult your doctor or pharmacist before purchasing any OTC products.
○ They will guide you in selecting the appropriate OTC drug based on your medical history.
● Read the label carefully to ensure that you have the right active ingredient for your intended purpose.
● Carefully and thoroughly read and follow all the directions on the medicine bottle and box or as prescribed by the
physician.
● Do not take OTC drugs with the same active ingredients. It is the pharmacist’s job to educate the patients of drugs that
have the same active ingredients but different brand names and are commercially marketed for different purposes.
● The patient must take the minimum effective dose.
● When using a liquid preparation, the patient must use the measuring device that came with the drugs.
● Make sure to only treat the symptoms that you have as some OTC drugs contain more than one active ingredient.
○ Paracetamol (Biogesic) – analgesic & antipyretic
○ Paracetamol + Phenylephrine HCl + Chlorpheniramine maleate (Neozep® Forte) – nasal decongestant / cough &
cold preparation
● Do not take an OTC product if you have had an allergic reaction to it before.
● If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult with your physician before taking any OTC drug as some OTC medicines
are harmful to the developing baby.
● Keep a list of the medicines that you are currently taking (e.g., other OTC drugs, herbal supplements, vitamins,
prescription) because the OTC drug may interact with the other medicines that you are taking.
● Always check the expiration date
● Seek medical attention if experiencing side effects or if your symptoms worsen.

2. Give at least 3 brands of over-the-counter drug products in the management of the following minor ailments and explain on
how to take them.

SPECIAL
MINOR AILMENTS GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME ADMINISTRATION
PRECAUTIONS
Paracetamol Biogesic ● For adults and Do not take >8 tabs in
Headache
children>12 years: 24 hours.
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

○ 1-2 tablets Do not exceed 5 doses

every 4-6 in each 24-hr period
hours, or as for not more than 5
needed. days at a time unless
● May be taken with otherwise directed by
or without food a physician.
Liver warning &
disease.
Other medicines that
contain paracetamol.
concomitant use of
warfarin.
Paracetamol + Caffeine Rexidol Forte ● For adults and Max: 8 tablets in 24
hours.
children ≥12 Severe liver damage
years: in large doses.
Avoid caffeine-
○ 1-2 tablets
containing drugs, food
every 6
or beverages.
hours or as
Patients taking
needed.
warfarin.
● May be taken with
Patients with kidney
or without food
or liver damage.
Paracetamol + Saridon Triple Action ● Adults: 1-2 tablets Do not take it for
Propyphenazone + ● Adolescents 12-16 more than 1 week or
Caffeine years: 1 tablet at doses higher than
● May be taken up recommended.
to 3 single doses Hepatic & renal
within 24 hours impairment; Gilbert’s
● May be taken with syndrome;
or without food hematopoietic
dysfunction.
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

high doses of
paracetamol-
containing analgesics;
continual use for the
treatment of headache.

Paracetamol Acetadol ● Children 7-12 Renal and hepatic

years: 5-10 mL failure
● Children 1-6
years: 2.5-5 mL
● May be taken with
or without food.
Ibuprofen Advil ● For adults only: Max: 6 soft gel
○ 1-2 soft gel capsules within 24
caps every 4- hours.
6 hours Should be taken with
food. Take it
immediately after
meals.
Fever
Asthma, heart disease,
liver cirrhosis, HTN,
kidney disease or
taking other NSAIDs.
Discontinue if severe
allergic reaction.
Increase risk of heart
attack or stroke in
long-term use.
Pregnancy &
lactation.
Elderly.
Children <12 years.
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

Paracetamol Anaseran ● Adult mild case: 1 Impaired kidney or

tablet three to four liver function.
times a day
● Adult moderate to
severe cases: 2
tablets three to
four times a day
● Patient >50kg:
○ 1g as single
dose every 4
or more hours
● Max: 4 g daily
● Patient weighs 33-
50 kg:
○ 15mg/kg as
single dose
every 4 or
more hours
● Max: 60 mg/kg or
3 g daily
● May be taken with
or without food
Ambroxol Ambrolex ● Adult: 1 tablet Should be taken with
hydrochloride three times a day food.
● Children 6-11 Take it immediately
years: ½ tab three after meals.
times a day. Severe renal and
Cough
hepatic impairment.
Symptoms of chronic
impairment of
secretion production
or clearance.
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

Peptic ulcer, ciliary

dyskinesia.
Concomitant use with
antitussives.
Pregnant (1st
trimester).
Lagundi (Vitex Ascof Forte ● Adult: 300-600 Hypersensitivity to
negundo) powdered mg three times or flavors.
leaves four times a day Pregnancy and
● Children 7-12 lactation.
years: 300 mg
three times or four
times a day
● May be taken with
or without food
Guaifenesin Robitussin ● Adult to children Chronic cough or
>12 years: 10-20 chronic lung disease.
mL every 4 hours Discontinue use of
● Children 6 to 12 cough lasts >10 days,
years: 5-10 mL comes back or if it
every 4 hours occurs with fever, rash
● Children 2 to 6 or constant headaches.
years: 50-100 Pregnancy and
mg/dose lactation.
● Max: 600 mg
daily
Phenylephrine Neozep ● Children >12 Glaucoma, cardiac,
hydrochloride + years: 15 mL (3 renal or hepatic
Chlorpheniramine tsp) disease; diabetes,
Common colds maleate + Paracetamol ● Children 7-12 asthma; alcoholics.
years: 10 mL (2 May impair ability to
tsp) drive or operate
machinery.
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

● Children 2-6 Pregnancy.

years: 5 mL (1 tsp)
Phenylephrine Neozep Non-Drowsy ● 1 tablet every 6 Severe liver damage
hydrochloride + hours may occur.
Paracetamol ● May be taken with
or without food.
Phenylephrine Bioflu ● Adult and children Severe liver damage.
hydrochloride + >12 years: 1 tablet May impair ability to
Chlorpheniramine every 6 hours drive and operate
maleate + Paracetamol machinery.
Loperamide Diatabs ● For adult acute Decreased urination,
hydrochloride diarrhea: dizziness &
○ 2 capsules lightheadedness,
followed by 1 dryness of mouth,
capsule after increased thirst,
each loose wrinkled skin.
bowel
movement.
● Max: 16 mg/day
(8 capsules).
● Discontinue if
Diarrhea there is no
improvement after
2 days.
● Chronic diarrhea:
○ 2 capsules
followed by 1
capsule after
each loose
bowel
movement.
● Maintenance dose:
2-4 capsules/day
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

● May be taken with

or without food.
Loperamide Imodium ● Adult and children Hepatic dysfunction,
hydrochloride >12 years: dysentery or if
○ Initial dose: 2 constipation must be
capsules avoided.
○ Subsequent
dose: 1
capsule after
every loose
stool
● Max: 8
capsules/day in
acute and chronic
diarrhea
● May be taken with
or without food
Loperamide Lomotil ● Acute diarrhea in Hepatic failure,
hydrochloride adults: prostate hyperplasia,
○ Initial dose: 2 electrolyte depletion.
tablets Not to be used in
○ Subsequent children <12 years.
dose: 1 tablet
after each
loose stool
● Acute diarrhea in
children >12
years:
○ Initial dose: 1
tablet
○ Subsequent
dose: 1 tablet
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

after each
loose stool
● Chronic diarrhea
adult: initially 2
tablets/day
● Chronic diarrhea
children >12
years: 1tablet /day
adjust dose until 1
or 2 solid
evacuation/day
occur.
● Maintenance dose
for chronic
diarrhea: usually
1-6 tablets /day
● Max: 6 tablets/day
● May be taken with
or without food.
Bisacodyl Bisalax ● Adults: 5-15 mg Avoid prolonged use.
tablet daily at Patients with anal
night or 10 mg fissues, proctitis or
supp in the ulcerated
morning hemorrhoids.
● Children >10
Constipation years: same as
adult dose
● Children <10
years: 5 mg
rectally in the
morning for
constipation
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

● Children >4 years:

5 mg by mouth
alternatively at
night
Bisacodyl Dulcolax ● Adult and children Not to be taken on a
>10 years: 1-2 continuous daily basis
tablets daily at or for extended
night periods without
● Children 4-10 investigating the
years: 1 tablet cause of constipation.
daily at night Prolonged excessive
● Should be use may lead to fluid
taken on an & electrolyte
empty imbalance &
stomach. hypokalemia.
● Do not take Does not help with
within 1 hour weight loss.
of antacids,
milk or other
dairy products.
Swallow
whole with an
adequate
amount of
fluid.
Lactulose Duphalac ● Adult and Painful abdominal
adolescent starting symptoms of
dose: 15-45 mL undetermined cause.
daily Chronic use of
○ Maintenance unadjusted doses &
dose: 15-30 misuse can lead to
mL daily diarrhea & electrolyte
balance disturbance.
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

● Children 7-14
years: starting
dose 15 mL daily
○ Maintenance
dose 10-15
mL daily
● Children 1-6
years: starting and
maintenance dose
up to 5 mL daily
● During the therapy
with laxatives, it is
recommended to
drink sufficient
amounts of fluid
(1.5-2L, equal to
6-8 glasses) during
the day.
● May be taken with
or without food
● Swallow dose
immediately, do
not keep in mouth
for an extended
period of time.
● For single daily
dose, take at the
same time (e.g.,
during breakfast)
Cetirizine hydrochloride Aforvir ● Adult and Must not be taken
before driving or
Allergy children ≥ 6 operating machinery.
years: 10 mg
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

daily or 5 mg Not recommended

during lactation
two times a day Children and infants
● May be taken with Elderly
or without food
Cetirizine Allerkid ● Children 2-5 Should not be taken
dihydrochloride years: 2 mL once before undergoing
daily or 1 mL two activities requiring
times a day every mental alertness.
12 hours
● Children 12 month
to <2 years: 1 mL
once or two times
a day every 12
hours
● Infants 6 to <12
months: 1 mL
once daily
● May be taken with
or without food
Loratadine Allerta ● Adult and children Patients with kidney
>12 years: 1 tablet or liver disease
● Children 2-12 including patients
years >30 kg: 1 taking other drugs that
tablet affect the liver.
● Children 2-12
years <30kg: ½
tablet
● All doses to be
taken once daily
● May be taken with
or without food
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

Mefenamic acid Dolfenal ● Adult & Patients with cardiac,

adolescent > 14 liver or kidney
years: 1 tablet disease. Do not
every 8 hours as exceed the
needed. recommended dose or
● For symptomatic duration of treatment.
relief of Long-term continuous
dysmenorrhea and use may increase the
premenstrual risk of heart attack or
syndrome: 1 tablet stroke.
every 8 hours Pregnancy and
while symptoms breastfeeding.
persist
● Should be taken
with food.
● Take it
Musculoskeletal pain immediately after
meals.
Paracetamol + Alaxan FR ● For adults only: 1 Limit alcohol intake.
Ibuprofen capsule every 6 Special precautions
hours for pregnant women
● Should be taken and lactating mothers.
with food Do not use it for >10
● Take immediately days for pain or for >3
after meals days for fever.
Do not use it if a
patient is experiencing
symptoms of stomach
bleeding or new
symptoms appear.
Naproxen sodium Flanax ● Initially 2 tablets, History of GI disease,
then 1 tablet every edema, sodium intake,
8 hours hematological,
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

● For postpartum anaphylactoid/tic

pain: 2 tablets as reactions, ocular
single dose effects.
● Should be taken Impaired hepatic and
with food. renal function.
● Take it May impair ability to
immediately after drive or operate
meals. machinery.

3. What are the principles of retail shelf planogram?

● Choose Eye Level
○ Shelves at eye level tend to receive the most attention, according to an eye tracking research.
● Landmark Products
○ Popular landmark products should be spread throughout your space. This will nudge customers to gaze more at your
products as landmark products are usually the starting point of many customers.
● Lean Right
○ Take advantage of the human subconscious navigational tendency to look and go right. Place innovative or key strategic
products to the right of landmark products.
● Category Drivers
○ Arrange key category drivers in the center of the space.
● Create Vertical Blocking
○ If possible, place products vertically on several shelves rather than horizontally across one shelf. You can use the vertical
blocking to draw attention to a greater number of smaller line extensions or innovations. A three-shelf vertical block can
be used to highlight three additional items.
● Create Gaze Plots
○ If possible, position landmark products to create a blocking strategy that will influence the gaze towards specific, less
known or new products.
● Consider Product Adjacencies
○ Some products can have a distinctly positive or negative impact on the performance of specific items and even the entire
shelf.
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

● Layout Chunking
○ Consider how the area is chunked especially where the shelves’ layout is in straight lines with clear paths.
● Sign Chunking
○ Consider how signage may impact how shoppers chunk the shelf.
● Focus
○ Provide a more focused assortment so that the products will be easier to find by the customers.

4. How do you make sure that your fast-moving items continue to stay that way for a long time?
● Do Your Market Research
○ Review data and research to determine which over-the-counter and retail products are trending. Check your sales
figures to view different product categories famous among your audience and take sufficient steps to locate all
the products at an effective place in your store. You must make sure that your products are the best among other
retail pharmacies selling them.
● Use Your Pharmacy’s Floor Plan to Your Advantage
○ Make sure that you display your fast-moving items in areas that receive more foot traffic or areas that are easier
to find to maintain its increased sales.
● Train Your Pharmacy Employees to Cross-Sell and Upsell
○ Train them to build relationships with customers and make relevant product suggestions based off the drugs
patients are picking up.
● Build Strong Customer Relationships
○ Consumers who establish good, trusted relationships with their pharmacy are more likely to return compared to
when visiting stores where they don’t have a personal connection. Guide your staff to recognize regular or repeat
customers, greet them by their first name, or ask questions about their families, work or pets.
● Be Your Own Secret Shopper
○ Walk through your pharmacy as a secret shopper. Walk the aisles with a fresh eye and ask yourself if things look
inviting. Ask yourself if you would continue to shop in this store. If you are hesitant, you should change some
features of the pharmacy.

5. How do you promote slow-moving items to convert them to fast-moving items? List down some ways on how you can do this?
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

● Optimize Your Marketing Strategies

○ Evaluate the marketing strategies that you have been implementing. Find out which strategies are effective and
which ones are not. Check your target audience and figure out if they are really your potential buyers. Make sure
that you are selling your products to the right customers. Re-target those who have previously checked your
unsold products using creative content.
● Use Multiple Sales Tactics
○ Consider offering discounts between 35-70% to get rid of overstocking or expiry of products.
● Transform Your Store Displays
○ Changing your store displays can help consumers pay more attention to your products. Put slow-moving products
in strategic areas of your store. You can put them near the cashier and on the front shelves, or in places that
customers will definitely see and pass through.
● Bundle Your Products
○ Bundle fast-moving products with slow-moving products
■ A common tactic for making slow-moving inventory look more attractive is by bundling it with items in
high demand. Shoppers who are interested in purchasing a top-selling item will view a bundle as a bargain
and are more inclined to go for the deal.
○ Bundle multiple units of the same product
○ Bundle complementary products
■ If your slow-moving stock could act as a complement to another product, consider bundling those two
items together.
● Use low-cost items as incentives or use products as an incentive to increase order size
○ If you find that an item is very difficult to sell, then try using it as an incentive for your shoppers to take action.
● Identify Your Slow-Moving Inventory More Early
○ Regular inventory tracking is essential to help you take immediate action to manage slow-moving inventory.

References:
https://consumermedsafety.org/tools-and-resources/medication-safety-tools-and-resources/consumer-medsafety-lists/item/843-top-
10-tips-for-safely-using-over-the-counter-medicines
https://explorerresearch.com/10-principles-for-a-successful-retail-shelf-planogram/
https://www.pharmacyowners.com/7-ways-to-increase-non-prescription-pharmacy-sales
PPGP – CPI Batch 5 – ACTIVITY NO. 12

https://customerthink.com/7-ways-to-increase-pharmacy-products-sales-for-independent-pharmacy-store/
https://www.justuno.com/blog/14-ways-to-convert-slow-moving-and-excess-inventory-into-cash/
https://www.hashmicro.com/blog/5-ways-to-deal-with-slow-moving-inventory/

Name of Intern: Damasco, Erge Iris M. School: Liceo de Cagayan University