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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 7
Polynomial Equation

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Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Polynomials

First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ruby Ann H. Licot MAEM/MAT-Math

Joan C. Reyes MAED

Editors: Marcela R. Bautista Dev.EdD

Ramil A. Escaso EdD
Filipina A. Trazo
Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V
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EPS, Mathematics

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EPS, LRMDS

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Learning Competencies: Illustrates polynomial equation. (M10AL-Ii-1)

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

• Identify expression that is a polynomial.
• determine the degree of the polynomial and the leading coefficient.
• find the values of polynomial equation by Remainder Theorem.

Lesson 1: Illustrating Polynomials

What is it
A polynomial expression of the form P(x) = anxn+ an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + ... a1 x + a0,
where:
n is a non-negative integer, and an, an-1, an-2, ..., a0 are real numbers, and an ≠ 0.

The following are examples of polynomial

1) 3x3- 2x2 + x – 3
2) x + 2
3) -2x2 +x + 3
2
4) x3+ x2 + x – 1
3

The following are examples of non-polynomials

1) x -2+ x +1 Since the variable x is raised to a negative exponent.

2) 𝑥 3 + x +1 Since the variable x is under the radical sign.
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3) 𝑥 2 + 3x - 2 Since the variable x is raised to a rational exponent.

What’s More

Write P if it is a polynomial and write NP if it is not on the space provided. If your answer NP give your
reasons.
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____ 1) f(x) = x4+ 2x3 – x +1 ____ 5) f(x) = 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 4 – 2

____ 2) f(x) = x3+ 2x2 +x -1-3 ____ 6) f(x) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 2

____ 3) f(x) = 4x+ 2x4 +x5+1 ____ 7) f(x) = x2 +2x +1

____ 4) f(x) = 3x-2+ x +5 ____ 8) f(x) = x - 5

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 Lesson 2: Degree and Leading Coefficient of Polynomials

What is it

The degree of a polynomial is determined by the highest power of its terms.

In the polynomial function f(x) = anxn+ an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + ...+ a0, where n is a nonnegative integer,
and an, an-1, an-2, ..., a0 are real numbers, and an ≠ 0, the degree of the function is n since n is the highest
power.

Examples:
1) In the polynomial function f(x) = 2x3 - 6x2 + 55, the highest power of its terms is 3. Therefore, the
degree of the polynomial is 3 and the leading coefficient is 2.
2) The polynomial function g(x) = 3x6 - 2x4 + x2 – x +1 contains the degree of its terms which are 6,
4, 2, 1 and 0, respectively. The highest power is 6. Therefore, the degree of the polynomial is 6 and
the leading coefficient is 3.

What’s More
Give the degree of the polynomials and their leading coefficient.
1) F(x) = 6x4 – 3x + 2 5) g(x) = 3x5 + 2x – x6
2) P(x) =6x -8x + 2x – x+ 3
7 5 3
6) f(x)= x – 5
1 3 1
3) h(x)= x3 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 5 7) f(x) = x – 6x2 +
5 3
4) f(x)= 3x5 + x3 + 4x6 – x – 1 8) g(x) = 4x3 – 2x +2

Lesson 3: Values of Polynomials

What is it
Remainder Theorem can be used as a way to find values of polynomial equation.
The remainder R gives the value of f(x) at x – c, that is R = f(c).

Examples:

1. Find the value of the polynomial, if P(x) = 2x3 – 8x2 + 19x -12 is divided by x-2, by using the
Remainder Theorem.
Solution:
Equate the divisor to zero to find the value of x.
x–2=0

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 x=2
Substitute this value for x in the dividend then solve for the value of the polynomial.
P(x) = 2x3 – 8x2 + 19x -12
P(2) = 2(2)3 – 8(2)2 + 19(2) -12
P(2) = 16 -32 + 38 -12
P(2) = 10
Therefore, the value of the polynomial is 10 when P(x) is divided by x – 2.

2. Find the value of the polynomial, if P(x) = 8x4 -2x2 +3 where x = - 3

Solution:

Substitute the value of x in the polynomial P(x), then solve for the value of the polynomial.

P(-3) = 8(-3)4 – 2(2)2 +3

P(-3) = 8(81) – 2 (4) +3
P(-3) = 648 -8 +3
P(-3) = 643

What’s More

Find the value of each of the following polynomial function by using the Remainder Theorem.

1.) P(x) = 2x3 – 9x – 5x2 -8 at x = 3

2.) P(x) = - 4x3 + 5x2 +8 divided by x+3

3.) P(x) = x6 –x5 –x +1 ; x – 1

4.) P(x) = 3x4 – 6x3 -5x +10 ; x – 2

Assessment

Directions: Read and understand the problems carefully. Write your answer on the answer sheet provided
for you. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.

1. Which of the following is a polynomials?

i. x -3 + 2x -2 + x -7 ii. 5x3 + 3x2 + x + 2 iii. x 3/2 + x + 1

A. I only B. ii only C. i and ii D. i and iii

2. Which of the following does not define a polynomial?

A. f (x) = x5 – 3x -10 C. f (x) = 4x3 – 12x2
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B. g (x) = x -√2 x + 1 D. h (x) = 2/5x3+6x + 2

3. The following are examples of polynomials, EXCEPT

A. x2-4x+5 B. 4x3 + 8x-2 + 10x -7 C. 3x4 -5x3 + 2x -1 D. x3 - y3

4. What is the leading coefficient of the polynomial, 5x9 + 4x8 + 4x5+ x3 + x?

A. 3 B. 5 C. 8 D. 9

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 5. What is the degree of the polynomial 8x5-4x2 + 6x + 3?
A. 1 B. 1 C. 3 D. 5

6. Find P(1) if P(x) = 3x3 + 9x -2,

A. 6 B. 10 C. 12 D. 24

7. Which of the following define a polynomial?

A. f (x) = x-5 – 3x -10 C. f (x) = 4x3 – 12x-2
B. g (x) = x 3 - 2 x + 1 D. h (x) = 2/5x3+6x-1 + 2

8. Given P(x) = 3x3 + 2x2 -x, What is the value of P(2)?

A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 50

9. Find P(-1) if P(x) = x3 + 13x2 -8x + 20.

A. 14 B. 26 C. 40 D. 42

10. Find P(1) if P(x) = 3x3 + 9x -2,

A. 6 B. 10 C. 12 D. 24

Reference

Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s Module, Author: Melvin M. Callanta, et. al.

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 Answer Sheet
Name: ___________________________________________ Score: ______________
Grade & Section: ___________________________________

Q1 Module 7

Lesson 1
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Lesson 2
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Lesson 3
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