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INFLUENCE LINE Structural Analysis
INFLUENCE LINE Structural Analysis
Reference:
Structural Analysis
Third Edition (2005)
By
Aslam Kassimali
DEFINITION
x
C y ( L − a ) = L ( L − a ) , 0 ≤ x ≤ a
MB =
Ay (a ) = 1 − x a, a ≤ x ≤ L
L
Example 8.1
Draw the influence lines for the vertical
reactions at supports A and C, and the shear kN
∑M A = 0:
−1( x ) + C y ( 20 ) = 0
1( x ) x
Cy = = Fig. 8.3(d)
20 20
Influence line for SB
Place the unit load to the left of point B, determine the shear at B by using
the free body of the portion BC:
S B = −C y 0 ≤ x < 12 ft
Place the unit load to the right of point B, determine the shear at B by using
the free body of the portion AB:
S B = Ay 12 ft < x ≤ 20 ft
gives
x
− C y = − , 0 ≤ x < 12 ft
20 Fig. 8.3(e)
SB =
A = 1 − x , 12 ft < x ≤ 20 ft
y 20
Influence line for MB
Place the unit load to the left of point B, determine the bending moment at B
by using the free body of the portion BC:
M B = 8C y 0 ≤ x ≤ 12 ft
Place the unit load to the right of point B, determine the bending moment at
B by using the free body of the portion AB:
M B = 12 Ay 12 ft ≤ x ≤ 20 ft
gives
2x
8 C y = , 0 ≤ x ≤ 12 ft
5
MB = Fig. 8.3(f)
12 A = 12 − 3 x , 12 ft ≤ x ≤ 20 ft
y
5
Example 8.3 Draw the influence lines for the vertical reactions at
supports A, C, and E, the shear just to the right of
support C, and the bending moment at point B of
the beam shown in Fig. 8.5(a).
Influence line for Ey
Place the unit load at a variable position x to the left of the hinge D and
consider free body diagram DE:
∑ D =0
M DE
E y ( 20 ) = 0
Ey = 0 0 ≤ x ≤ 40 ft
0 0 ≤ x ≤ 40 ft
Fig. 8.5(c)
Ey = x
20 − 2 40 ft ≤ x ≤ 60 ft
Influence line for Cy
∑M A =0
−1( x) + C y (20) + E y (60) = 0
x
Cy = − 3E y
20
x x
20 − 0 = 0 ≤ x ≤ 40 ft
20
Cy = Fig. 8.5(d)
x − 3 x − 2 = 6 − x 40 ft ≤ x ≤ 60 ft
20 20 10
Influence line for Ay
∑F y =0
Ay − 1 + C y + E y = 0
Ay = 1 − C y − E y
x x
1 − − 0 = 1 − 0 ≤ x ≤ 40 ft
20 20
Ay = Fig. 8.5(e)
1 − 6 − x − x − 2 = x − 3 40 ft ≤ x ≤ 60 ft
10 20 20
Influence line for Shear at Just to the Right of C, SC,R
− E y 0 ≤ x ≤ 20 ft
SC , R =
1 − E y 20 ft ≤ x ≤ 60 ft
0 0 ≤ x < 20 ft
SC , R = 1 − 0 = 1 20 ft < x ≤ 40 ft
1 − − 2 = 3 −
x x
40 ft ≤ x ≤ 60 ft
20 20
Fig. 8.5(f)
Influence line for MB
10 Ay − 1(10 − x ) 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 ft
MB =
10 Ay 10 ft ≤ x ≤ 60 ft
Consider the Pratt bridge truss shown. A unit load moves from
left to right. Suppose that we wish to draw the influence lines
for the vertical reactions at supports A and E and for the axial
forces in members CI, CD, DI, IJ and FL of the truss.
Influence Lines for Reactions
∑M E =0
− Ay (60) + 1(60 − x) = 0
x
Ay = 1 −
60
∑M A =0
−1( x) + E y (60) = 0
x
Ey =
60
Influence line for force in Vertical
Member CI
Considering the right portion of the truss
(unit load at left portion)
∑F y =0
− FCI + E y = 0 FCI = E y 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 ft
∑M I =0
− FCD (20) + E y (30) = 0
FCD = 1.5 E y 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 ft
∑M I =0
− Ay (30) + FCD (20) = 0
FCD = 1.5 Ay 30 ft ≤ x ≤ 90 ft
Influence line for force in Diagonal
Member DI
4
∑ Fy = 0 : 5
FDI + E y = 0
FDI = −1.25 E y 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 ft
4
∑ Fy = 0 : Ay − FDI = 0
5
FDI = 1.25 Ay 45 ft ≤ x ≤ 90 ft
∑M D = 0:
FIJ (20) + E y (15) = 0
FIJ = −0.75 E y 0 ≤ x ≤ 45 ft
∑M D = 0:
− Ay (45) − FIJ (20) = 0
FIJ = −2.25 Ay 45 ft ≤ x ≤ 90 ft
Influence line for force in Vertical Member FL
Example 8.12
Suppose that our objective is to determine the maximum positive shear at B due to
the series of four concentrated loads.
During the movement of the series of loads across the entire length of the beam, the
(absolute) maximum shear at B occurs when one of the loads of the series is at the
location of the maximum positive ordinate of the influence line for SB.
1 1 1 1
S B = 8(20) + 10(16) + 15(13) + 5(8)
30 30 30 30
= 18.5k
1 1 1 1
S B = −8(6) + 10(20) + 15(17) + 5(12)
30 30 30 30
= 15.567 k
1 1 1 1
S B = −8(3) − 10(7) + 15(20) + 5(15)
30 30 30 30
= 9.367 k
1 1 1
S B = −10(2) − 15(5) + 5(20)
30 30 30
= 0.167 k