Incoming College Freshmen from OLFU's Experience of Remote Learning and

Their Decision to Pursue College

(Most Priority)

A Research Proposal
Presented to
the Faculty of Senior High School Department
Our Lady of Fatima University – Antipolo Campus

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the
Senior High School

by:
Matienzo, Jerome P.
Soldevilla, Jose Roy V.
Tuazon, Ella Mae I.
Tuazon, Jennelyn I.

(October 2021)
 Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background of the Problem ......................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Overview of the Current State of the Technology ...................................................................... 4

1.3 Project Rationale .......................................................................................................................... 5

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Proposed Research ....................................................................................................................... 6

3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Calendar of Activities ................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 8

4 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................. 9

4.1 References .................................................................................................................................... 9

4.2 Resource Person/s........................................................................................................................ 9

4.3 Personal Technical Vitae ............................................................................................................ 10

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Problem

It was March 11, 2020, when WHO declared across the globe COVID-19 as a pandemic,
and everyone is strictly advised to do social distancing and avoid close contact with anyone
showing symptoms. This forced schools across the world to shut down. According to the
World Economic Forum (2020), globally, over 1.2 billion children are out of the classroom.
All schools remained shut for regular classes with no plan to reopen until vaccines become
available to contain/stop the spreading of the virus. Because of this, many schools decided
to transition the learning from traditional face-to-face to remote learning, where teaching
is on digital platforms like Zoom and Google Meet. However, there are challenges present.
The traditional setup of a real classroom like the interaction of teachers and students,
students to students, libraries, and other facilities aren’t present and isn’t alike with online
classes. Aside from that, students without reliable internet access and technology are
struggling to go with online learning. The pandemic made us seen the wide digital divide
across countries, like the Philippines. With schools fully closed, the COVID-19 worsened the
education crisis existing even before COVID-19 hit the Philippines. As a result, many experts
showed concerns about the “lost generation” of students due to pandemic.
Based on figures presented by DepEd, 25.04 million learners enrolled in the school year
(2020-2021) in all public schools, private schools, and state/local universities and colleges
(SUC/LUC). Compared to the previous year’s enrollment, this is a drop of 2,732,467 fewer
learners in all grade levels (-10%). In Senior high schools, there are 2.89 million students
enrolled for the academic year 2020-2021, and compared to the previous year, this is a
drop of 303,129 students (-9%). Around 2.73 million didn’t enroll, 76% from private schools,
21% from public schools, and 3% from SUCs. Compared to the 2019-2020 total enrollment
of 27.77 million students, the 2020-2021 school year’s total enrollment is only at 90.16% of
the previous year’s enrollment (25.04 million students). This raised alarms as the students
who didn’t enroll will create intergenerational problems and poverty if it becomes
permanent.
More than 70% of youth’s education is disrupted by the pandemic thus reducing the
productive potential of an entire generation. There are 65% of youth reported having
learned less because of the transition from classroom to online and distance learning due
to pandemic. Despite efforts to continue their studies and training, many of them believed
that their education will be delayed and 9% thought that they might fail. According to a
report, 38% of youth are uncertain of their future career prospects (ILO,2020). With these,
the number of our future professionals will be affected if there will be no immediate action
from the government and educational institution.
 Individuals are rational and they invest in education as long as the benefit of additional
years of schooling exceeds the cost (Spence,1973). Completing higher education is
important in the 21st century as it will help the student to be viable in the labor market as
the market becomes competitive, it also helps in raising the status of a person in the
society. Aside from Increasing human capital, higher education also aims at reforming
society, helps in individual cognitive skills, and focuses on communicative agenda.
However, because of the unprecedented event, there is a decline in the enrollment of
college freshmen because of doubts about remote learning. In this research, now that the
grade 12 students had experienced already the online class last academic school year, they
already had initial insights on how college life might be with remote learning and that will
affect their decision to pursue higher education.

1.2 Overview of the Current State of the Technology

• Research conducted in America showed that there is a sharp decline in the number of
freshmen in college in year 2020. Casual investigators assumed that the drop was
caused by lower high school graduation rates in the spring because most of the
teachers, and students were anxious about the emergency shift to remote learning
from online learning due to C0VID-19. In addition to that, the struggle in participating
in remote learning also caused them to postpone their study. The said decline is very
significant to two-year colleges than the four-year colleges. High school graduates
were less likely to enroll because of the low benefit in enrolling to college; students
expressed skepticism about the effectiveness and benefits of enrolling under remote
learning. Furthermore, many incoming freshmen anticipated the experience of social
life in campus but because of the pandemic, this prospect was shattered and many of
them opted to defer higher education (Leukhina & Werner, 2021). But now, it’s been
a year since we started adapting to the new normal of living under the pandemic.
Many had experienced already the transition of every activity to online especially on
education, people adapted to it and had knowledge on the pros and cons of it, as well
as how to deal with them. Many interventions and advancement are made to further
improve the learning experience. While there are disadvantages present from it,
positive reactions towards it were present also. According to a research, in some
countries and universities there have been a successful transition, mostly from those
who has access to reliable internet and technologies. Online class turned out to be
effective to them as it increases the retention of information. Because of this, many
experts expect that the adoption of online learning will continue to persist post-
pandemic. Researchers want to see if this positive results and reviews is true to
graduating high school students and how it will affect their decision to continue
college or not. There haven’t been any studies existed focusing on how the experience
 of graduating high school students in online class affect the college freshmen
enrollment.

1.3 Project Rationale

Determining if there is a relationship existing (dependent/independent) between

the remote learning experience of grade 12 STEM students and their decision to pursue
higher education will help us identify if the student’s satisfaction in online class can be a
potential predictive factor that can affect his/her decision to pursue college. This research
will benefit the following:

• University – they will know if students are satisfied or not with their online class
management/service and therefore know on what aspect they should improve
more for a better learning experience.
• Society – the result for the number of those who will pursue, not pursue, and
pause college for a while will give society an idea about the number of our
professionals in the future and how it will affect the future labor force.
• Government – the result of this study will urge the government to do immediate
action in resolving issues about remote learning and enrollment of college
freshmen.
• Educational institution – the result of this study will urge the institution to do
further improvement in the education system.

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Problem Statement

The transition from the traditional face-to-face classes to remote classes had caused a big
change in the learning environment and experience of learning of students. Emergency
shift to remote education from face-to-face classes posed a major challenge for students
who did not have anyone to facilitate learning at home, who did not have access to
technologies, unstable internet connections, and lack of conducive environment for
learning. Now that the students already had their experience of remote learning last
academic school year the researchers will determine if their satisfaction affects their
decision to pursue higher education or not.

1. Determine if there is a relationship existing (dependent/independent) between

the experience of the online class of grade 12 STEM students from OLFU and their
decision in pursuing college.
2. Identify the number of grade 12 STEM students from OLFU that will:
 a) pursue higher education
b) pause higher education for a while.
c) not pursue higher education.
3. Identify the online learning satisfaction of grade 12 STEM students from OLFU.

2.2 Proposed Research

2.2.1 General Objectives

The main objective of the study is to determine if there is a relationship

existing (dependent/independent) between the experience of online classes of
grade 12 STEM students from OLFU and their decision in pursuing college.

2.2.2 2.2.2 Specific Objectives

1. To know the number of grade 12 STEM students from OLFU that will:
a) pursue higher education.
b) pause higher education for a while.
c) not pursue higher education.
2. To determine the satisfaction of grade 12 students from OLFU in their
online class.

2.2.3 Scope and Limitations

The study focuses on determining if there is an existing relationship

between the online learning experience of grade 12 STEM students from OLFU
and their decision in pursuing higher education. Close-ended survey
questionnaires will be disseminated to all grade 12 STEM students from OLFU
regardless of their gender, age, and other demographics.

Participants will be exclusive only to those who had an experience of an online

class or are currently in an online class and not those who chose and belong to
modular learning. It will also not give a conclusive solution to the problem as this
study will focus only on the relationship (dependent/independent) between the
variables and the descriptive details of the sample. In addition to that, due to the
limited number of participants focusing only in the vicinity of OLFU Antipolo
campus and students in STEM strand, results can't be generalized as every
learning program and school is unique and has a different approach.
 2.2.4 Methodology

This research will employ a quantitative-non-experimental design utilizing

survey and correlational methods to identify the significant relationship
(dependent/independent) between the online learning experience of grade 12
students from OLFU and their decision in pursuing college. Quantitative research
can be used in response to relational questions of variables within the research.
Quantitative researchers seek explanations and predictions that will generate for
other persons and places. The intent is to establish, confirm, or validate
relationships and to develop generalizations that contribute to theory (Leedy and
Ormrod, 2001, p. 102). According to Bold (2001), the purpose of a correlational
study is to establish whether two or more variables are related. Furthermore,
correlation is a statistical test to establish patterns for two variables
(Creswell,2002).

The whole population of STEM students from OLFU will be the source of data and
researchers will use a simple random sampling technique in choosing the
participants from the population. The participants will answer the survey
containing close-ended questions regarding their decision to proceed or not
proceed in college and rate their satisfaction in remote learning experience. The
data will be presented with the use of frequency distribution tables and charts
for a better graphical representation of data. To find the significant relationship
between the variables (independent/dependent) researchers will use the Chi-
square test of independence for analysis. The Chi-square test is a non-parametric
(distribution-free) tool designed to analyze group differences when the
dependent variable is measure at a nominal level. It doesn’t require equality of
variances among the study groups or homoscedasticity in the data
(Zagreb,2013).

3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

3.1 Calendar of Activities

1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Methodology
4. Data collection and preparation
5. Results and analysis of data
6. Discussion and recommendations
7. Proofread and revisions
 8. Submission

Gantt Chart of Activities

3.2 Resources
Hardware
• Smartphones
• Personal Computer/desktop computer
Software
• Science Direct
• Google meet
• Messenger
• Microsoft Excel
• Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
4 APPENDIX

4.1 References

• Chan, R. Y. (2016). Understanding the purpose of higher education: An analysis of the

economic and social benefits for completing a college degree. Journal of Education
Policy, Planning and Administration, 6(5), 1-40. Retrieved from:
http://www.jeppa.org.

• College Freshman Enrollment Drops during Pandemic. (2021, July 1). St. Louis Fed.
https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional-economist/first-quarter-
2021/college-freshman-enrollment-drops-pandemic
• Luz, J. M. (2020, November 19). [ANALYSIS] Too many children not enrolled this
school year is a major concern. Rappler.
https://www.rappler.com/voices/ispeak/analysis-too-many-children-not-enrolled-
this-school-year-major-concern
• The rise of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2021, May 20). World
Economic Forum.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-
covid19-online-digital-learning/

4.2 Resource Person/s

• Mr. Julieto Comendador Jr. (Senior high school principal, Our Lady of Fatima
University Antipolo campus)
• Mr. Michael Angelo Manalo (Research adviser)
4.3 Personal Technical Vitae
Learnedness Between Online and Modular Grade 12 STEM Students in
OLFU

A Research Proposal
Presented to
the Faculty of Senior High School Department
Our Lady of Fatima University – Antipolo Campus

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the
Senior High School

by:
Matienzo, Jerome P.
Soldevilla, Jose Roy V.
Tuazon, Ella Mae I.
Tuazon, Jennelyn I.

(October 2021)
 Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background of the Problem ......................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Overview of the Current State of the Technology ...................................................................... 4

1.3 Project Rationale .......................................................................................................................... 5

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Proposed Research ....................................................................................................................... 6

3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Calendar of Activities ................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 8

4 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................. 9

4.1 References .................................................................................................................................... 9

4.2 Resource Person/s........................................................................................................................ 9

4.3 Personal Technical Vitae ............................................................................................................ 10

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Problem

According to Baclig (2021), it was March 8 when Pres. Rodrigo Duterte signed the
Proclamation No.999 declaring a state of a public health emergency as the total number
of COVID-19 cases rose to 24 in the country. Days after Pres. Duterte signed the
Proclamation, he then decided to implement and enhanced community quarantine in the
entire Luzon which includes the “implementation of strict home quarantine in all
households; suspension of transportations; food and other essential service provision
shall be regulate, and increasing the presence of personnel provision for food and
essential services shall be regulated, and increasing presence of personnel to administer
quarantine procedures” (Baclig, 2021).“In evolutionary theory, adaptation is the
biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environments or to changes
in their current environment” (National geographic, 2019).
As the pandemic lasts, lots of ways are designed in order to adapt in today’s situation
which changed the way we live. From face-to-face to contactless interaction in any
aspects has been implemented. One of them is the education, online and modular
learning has been introduced in order to reach education even if the world is in amid of
pandemic. Due to today’s education set up, lots of students are facing challenges such as
time management, coping up with their new environment and especially difficulty in
learning they are also thinking of how they can remember the past lessons they had last
year given the fact that some of them experience factors that affect how they perceived
the lesson such as poor internet connection, family emergencies, etc. “In mathematics,
students were predicted to show even smaller learning gains from the previous year,
returning with less than 50% of typical gains. While these and other similar
forecasts presented a grim portrait of the challenges facing students and educators this
fall, they were nonetheless projections” (Kuhfled et al., 2020).

1.2 Overview of the Current State of the Technology

• The result of the research conducted in Islamabad shows that modular teaching is
more effective in teaching learning process. It is because in this approach the
students learn at their own pace. The result of the study shows percentage
improvement after 12 weeks of teaching including the four factors such as student’s
participation, communication skills, concept of understandings and usage of
vocabulary and examples with the use of modular approach. In addition to that, they
conclude that since modular approach is a free self-learning style in which
 immediate reinforcement, feedback is provided to practice exercise, which motivate
the students and create interest in them and it helps in maximizing the student
participation in classroom to fulfill the given tasks at the spot that makes the
students feel free to learn in their own style (Zamir, 2014). Another study conducted
to examine the effectiveness of online education through student’s final grade. They
compare the distance and traditional learning students through the use of their final
grades and the result shows that the distance education is effective as traditional
classroom education. The summary and recommendations of the study shows that
online education is more effective and it overcomes many restrictions which
students might have (Alghazo). The advantage of both online and modular is being
stated in study conducted in different country but the knowledge students who are
enrolled in online and modular learning are not identified by this study. Therefore,
the researcher concludes that there is no existing study regarding the knowledge of
online and modular grade 12 STEM students in Our Lady of Fatima University.

1.3 Project Rationale

Determining the knowledge of online and modular grade 12 STEM students in Our
Lady of Fatima University on the subject Pre-Calculus. This will provide us the range of
knowledge of online and modular grade 12 STEM students have in their Pre-Calculus
subject during their days as grade 11 students. The information that will be provided by
this study will help the researcher to compare the two groups and create hypothesis. This
study will be beneficial to the following:

• University- this study will provide them information that will help them determine
whether the strategies they used for online and modular are effective or not.
• Government- the result of this study will help the government to do action
regarding the concern of this study.

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Problem Statement

Adapting to today’s situation changed the way we live, one of them is the
education. From face-to-face to contactless interaction in the aspect of education which
has different options for the students to choose what they prefer. This is designed to
be able to reach education even if we are amid a pandemic. There are strategies that a
student prefers because this where they can learn but due to pandemic it became
 limited. The major challenge for the students who prefer face-to-face classes than
online or modular is that how can they remember the past lessons that they had
especially if it’s a major subject given the fact that they struggle because of different
factors such as poor internet connection. Now that the grade 12 STEM students already
experience taking Pre-Calculus as their major subject researcher will determine the
knowledge between the online and modular grade 12 STEM students.

• Are the grade 12 STEM students who took online learning in Our Lady of Fatima
University during their grade 11 days have more knowledge than those who took
modular learning?
• Is the knowledge of grade 12 STEM students who took modular learning during
their grade 11 days have more knowledge in Pre-Calculus than those who took
online learning?
• What is the level of knowledge of online and modular grade 12 STEM students in
Our Lady of Fatima University?

2.2 Proposed Research

2.2.1 General Objectives

The main objective of this study is to determine if there is a difference

between the knowledge in Pre-Calculus subject of online and modular grade 12
STEM students in Our Lady of Fatima University (Antipolo Campus).

2.2.2 2.2.2 Specific Objectives

• To know the level of knowledge of online and modular grade 12 STEM

students in Our Lady of Fatima University
• To compare the level of knowledge of online and modular grade 12 STEM
students in Our Lady of Fatima University.
• To contrast the level of knowledge of online and modular grade 12 STEM
students in Our Lady of Fatima University.
• To create hypothesis about the knowledge of online and modular grade
12 STEM students in Our Lady of Fatima University.

2.2.3 Scope and Limitations

The study focuses on determining if there is any difference between the

knowledge of online and modular grade 12 STEM learners of Our Lady of Fatima
University. A survey that consists a close-ended question will be distributed to
27 sections with the strand of STEM regardless of their age, gender and status.
These students are grade 12 enrollees of either online or modular learning. The
 researcher chooses grade 12 STEM students as their participants because they
are the ones who already had experience Pre-Calculus as their major subject
during their grade 11 days.

The study will not cover participants who are not enrolled on either online or
modular learning. It will also not cover participants outside the Our Lady of
Fatima University (Antipolo Campus) and students with higher or lower
education level. It will also not cover the positive and negative effects of online
and modular learning and will not provide any recommendations or solution. It
will only compare results and test hypothesis about the issue of the study.

2.2.4 Methodology

A quantitative-non-experimental approach which apply survey and

comparative methods to determine the difference between the knowledge of
online and modular grade 12 STEM students of OLFU in Pre-Calculus. “A
quantitative approach focuses on describing a phenomenon across a larger
number of participants” Rhodes (2014). According to Bukhari (2011), the
comparative analysis answers questions about how and why a system will react
to perturbations of its parameters. This paper shows how perspectives can be
used for comparative analysis, summarizes a soundness proof for the technique,
demonstrates incompleteness, describes a working implementation, and
presents experimental results.

Data will be collected through a survey containing close-ended questions about

their knowledge in Pre-Calculus subject during their grade 11 days as a student
and the 27 STEM sections who are enrolled on either online od modular learning
will be the participants. The researcher will use simple random sample technique
in choosing participants. “A simple random sample is a randomly selected subset
of a population. In this sampling method, each member of the population has an
exactly equal chance of being selected” Thomas (2020). After gathering data, it
will undergo the analyzation phase with the use of independent sample t-test to
test the statistical difference between the two groups. As Leard Statistics (2018)
states that independent t-test also known as two-sample-t-test or student’s t-
test, is an inferential statistical test that determines whether there is a
statistically significant difference between the means in two unrelated groups.
3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

3.1 Calendar of Activities

1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Methodology
4. Data collection and preparation
5. Results and analysis of data
6. Discussion and recommendations
7. Proofread and revisions
8. Submission

Gantt Chart of Activities

3.2 Resources
Hardware
• Smartphones
• Personal Computer/desktop computer
Software
• Google Scholar
• Messenger
• Google
• Microsoft Excel
 • Microsoft Word
• SSRN e-libraries
• Scribd

4 APPENDIX

4.1 References
• Bukhari, S.A. (2011). What is Comparative Study?
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1962328
• Thomas, L. (2020). An Introduction to simple random sampling
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling/
• National Geographic. Encyclopedia of Adaptation. Inquirer.net
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/adaptation/
• Baclig, C.E. (2021). TIMELINE: One year of Covid-19 in the Philippines. Retrieved
from Inquirer.net https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1406004/timeline-one-year-of-
covid-19-in-the-philippines#ixzz78yjwUdB0
• Kuhfled, M., Soland, J., Tarasawa, B., et al. (2020). How is COVID-19 affecting
student learning? [Blog]. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-
center-chalkboard/2020/12/03/how-is-covid-19-affecting-student-learning
• Zamir, S. (2014). Effectiveness of Modular Approach in Teaching at University
Level. Journal of Education and Practice. Retrieved from
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234635879.pdf
• Alghazo, A. (n.d). Comparing Effectiveness of Online and Traditional Teaching
Using Students’ Final Grade. Retrieved from
https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=ojwed

4.2 Resource Person/s

• Mr. Julieto Comendador Jr. (Senior high school principal, Our Lady of Fatima
University Antipolo campus)
• Mr. Michael Angelo Manalo (Research adviser)
4.3 Personal Technical Vitae
The Correlation of Circadian Rhythm and Productivity among Grade
12 Students
(Least Priority)

A Research Proposal
Presented to
the Faculty of Senior High School Department
Our Lady of Fatima University – Antipolo Campus

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the
Senior High School

by:
Matienzo, Jerome P.
Soldevilla, Jose Roy V.
Tuazon, Ella Mae I.
Tuazon, Jennelyn I.

(October 2021)
 Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background of the Problem ......................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Overview of the Current State of the Technology ...................................................................... 4

1.3 Project Rationale .......................................................................................................................... 5

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Proposed Research ....................................................................................................................... 6

3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Calendar of Activities ................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 8

4 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................. 9

4.1 References .................................................................................................................................... 9

4.2 Resource Person/s........................................................................................................................ 9

4.3 Personal Technical Vitae ............................................................................................................ 10

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Problem

Sleep, defined as “a complex physiological process, in which the body and the
mind go in to rest state for some time. Humans spend one-third of their time sleeping
and receiving enough of it at the best time, and the right quantity is necessary to
survive, just like food and water.” By Khalid H. J, Avais R. (2021) Sleep is basically one
of the essential aspects that has an effect our day, for instance if an individual does
not get the right amount of rest, then expect them to be tired throughout the day.

Now with every occupation such as school and work shifts come with a schedule of
dates when to work, when one’s shift ends, and when one’s break, basically schedules
mostly make an individual’s day when he/she is conscious. But when it come to the
negative effects of schedules, such as stress and sleep deprivation, to support this
claim a study on school start time found out that delaying the start of school causes
adolescents to have a longer weeknight sleep (Anne G.W., Daniel P.C., Janet B.C.,
2016)

Sleep deprivation, an effect of insufficient sleep, influences our productivity, a study

that supports this claim states that sleep deprivation affected a night shift medical
student’s attention span negatively (Isabel P.O., Milciades I.-P., 2014) The age group
that is mostly affected by sleep deprivation is the adolescent stage from 10 – 19 years
old, categorized by the World Health Organization, to support this claim a study has
been conducted on 250,000 teens from 1991-2012, 85% of teens ages 15 and older
did not get enough sufficient sleep.(ChildrensMD, 2015) Now because of school
schedules, sleep times, and sleep deprivation among adolescents, the researchers
hypothesized that maybe circadian rhythms may have an influence or correlation on
productivity. The reason for conducting the research, not only because of the
discovery, but also to possibly find a possible solution to maintain productivity and
sleeping hours while maintaining day-to-day schedule such as school and work in
future researches.

1.2 Overview of the Current State of the Technology

First and foremost, solutions that many have suggested to maintain school schedules
and work is time-management. Time-management has its benefits when it comes to
students, stated by the Global Indian International School, and these are in work
prioritization, less time allowance on work, reduces stress, and prevents procrastination.
Although time-management is really a useful tool, the problem lies in how it is compatible
to an individual’s lifestyle and when are they going to implement it to their habits, while
 some are able to successfully integrate it to their life, we cannot ignore the population that
procrastinates for a habit and delays learning time management.

Second, a solution that America, more specifically the American Academy of Pediatrics,
implemented to aid sleep deprivation among students is a later or delayed start of school,
which is around 8:30 am rather than the usual 7 am start. Having a delayed start in school
is beneficial since students are less stress on waking early and at the same time it improves
productivity by improving their sleep, to support this a study about later school time on
students states that students had increased sleep duration, improved attendance, less
tardiness, improved grades, less falling asleep in class, and fewer motor vehicle accidents.
(Anne G.W. PhD, Daniel P.C. PhD, Janet B.C. PhD, 2017) Although it has many benefits,
having a delayed school time sacrifices it’s time for flexibility in after school hours, such as
sports, extra-calicular activities, and after school study sessions.

After analyzing the technologies, the researchers concluded on two problems that arises,
first for their productivity and flexibility in school schedules such as making use of their
time in school the fullest, and second for their sleep schedules to maintain productivity in
their day-to-day life.

1.3 Project Rationale

After analyzing the problem, the researchers have concluded on the benefits of solving
the research problem, first is of course the discovery it brings to sleep science since our
knowledge on sleep is still limited. Second is if it is true that circadian rhythms have a
correlation to productivity then it will be useful in finding future solutions to decrease
productivity in regard to sleep.

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Problem Statement

The researchers are dedicated in finding if there is a correlation between circadian rhythm
and productivity, and for that reason the main question of the research is the ff:

• Is there a correlation between circadian rhythms and productivity?

I. Circadian Rhythm being measured by the ff:

A. Time of sleep or rest until time of waking up

II. Productivity being measured by the ff:

 A. Academic Performance or Grades
B. Attentiveness
C. Average endeavors or objectives done within a day

2.2 Proposed Research

2.2.1 General Objectives

The main objective of the study is to know the correlation between

circadian rhythms and productivity.

2.2.2 2.2.2 Specific Objectives

• Literature Review
• Searching of respondents
• Conducting of Survey
• Computing and interpreting data
• Analyzing data and a plausible conclusion

2.2.3 Scope and Limitations

The scope the research is within the domain of sleep science and lifestyle,
thus it is able to contribute information to the limited knowledge of the subject
about circadian rhythms and how they impact one’s life. The extent to where the
research covers is it only delves on the subject of sleep science and lifestyle, thus
it is also able to be evaluated within that domain. As for how it will solve the
problem in general, it will only give the science community and sleep researchers
a source of knowledge to base from and another factor to consider when it
comes to sleep and productivity.

For the limitations of the research, the researchers are only able to
presume that the respondents had slept sufficiently and that other factors are
not the reason for the decrease in productivity. Lastly, the chosen respondents,
which are grade 12 students, do not represent the whole population itself as
diversity cannot be generalized to a single category.

2.2.4 Methodology

The tasks will be divided into three phases, respondent finding, data
gathering, data analyzation, and data interpretation. First, in finding our
respondents we will use purposive random sampling, the requirements that the
respondent must possess is that he/she is a grade 12 student. Second, in the data
 gathering phase we will make use of google forms as our medium for our survey,
it is for the benefit of the respondent and the researcher in regards to health and
safety precautions. Third, in data analyzation the researchers will use Pearson’s
correlation coefficient as the main tool for data. Fourth is the data interpretation,
the researchers will use linear regression to present our findings, as this is more
compatible with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

3.1 Calendar of Activities

1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Methodology
4. Data collection and preparation
5. Results and analysis of data
6. Discussion and recommendations
7. Proofread and revisions
8. Submission

Gantt Chart of Activities

3.2 Resources
Hardware
• Smartphones
• Personal Computer/desktop computer
Software
• Google Forms
• Google Docs
• Microsoft Word

4 APPENDIX

4.1 References

• Khalid H. J, Avais R. (2021) Physiology, Sleep patterns.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551680/

• Anne G.W., Daniel P.C., Janet B.C. (2016) School Start Times, Sleep, Behavioral,
Health, and Academic Outcomes: A Review of the Literature.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27040474/

• Isabel P.O., Milciades I.-P (2014) Night shifts, sleep deprivation, and attention
performance in medical students.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207179/

• ChildrensMD (2015) Sleepy Teens – new study says teens are even more sleep-
deprived than we thought.
https://childrensmd.org/browse-by-age-group/sleepy-teens-new-study-says-
teens-even-sleep-deprived-thought/

• Global Indian International Highschool, Time Management.

https://tokyo.globalindianschool.org/blog/importance-of-time-management-to-
students

• World Health Organization, Adolescent health in the South-East Asia Region.

https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics/adolescent-health

• Master of Arts in Teaching, 5 Pros and Cons of Later School Start Times.
https://www.masterofartsinteaching.net/lists/5-pros-and-cons-of-later-school-
start-times/
4.2 Resource Person/s
• Mr. Julieto Comendador Jr. (Senior high school principal, Our Lady of Fatima
University Antipolo campus)
• Mr. Michael Angelo Manalo (Research adviser)

4.3 Personal Technical Vitae