ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS SBA

NAME: AALIYAH LEWIS

SCHOOL: ST JOSEPH’S COLLEGE

CENTRE NUMBER: 160070

TERRITORY: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

EXAMINATION YEAR: 2021

STUDENT ID: 160070_ _ _ _

TITLE OF SBA:

TEACHER: MS MORIN
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Project Title 3

Purpose of Project 4

Mathematical Formulation 5

Solution of Problem 6

Application of Solution 9

Discussion 10

Conclusion 11

2
PROJECT TITLE

Modelling and Optimization to find the minimum material needed to make a can of a known volume. Assume
that the can is cylindrical and capped on both ends.

3
PURPOSE OF PROJECT

Find the dimensions of an aluminum can that holds 360cm3 of liquid and use the least material. Assume that the
can is cylindrical and capped on both sides. The purpose of this project is to determine the least amount of
material that can be used to make can with a volume of 360cm3.

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MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.
Area is the measure of how much space there is on a flat surface.
Height is the distance between the top and bottom of an object.
Surface area is the total area of a surface of a three-dimensional figure.
Radius is the distance from the center of a circle, to any point on its circumference.

diameter
Radius =
2
d

cylinder
The volume of a cylinder is the product of the area of the base, and the height of the object. The base of the
cylinder is a circle, and the area is π r 2 . The height of the cylinder is h; hence the product will result in the
volume being π r 2 h . Where r is the radius.

Volume of cylinder = π r 2 h
Height was found by transposing the equation therefore making height the subject of the formula.
volume
Height =
π r2 h
To calculate the total surface area of a closed cylinder, the sum of the areas needs to be found. When the
cylinder is pulled a part two circles and a rectangle is seen. Since the area of a circle is π r 2 h , this need to be
multiplied by two as there are two circles. This will be added to the area of a rectangle, length × width, where
length will be the circumference of the circle, 2πr and the width, the height, h. The result will be 2πrh, hence the
total surface area is 2πr2 + 2πrh.
Total surface area = 2πr2 + 2πrh.

2πr Vrjgnrjmc h

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SOLUTION OF PROBLEM
Above, the formulae used to calculate the height and surface area of a cylindrical aluminum can is seen. Having
the volume of the can and a formula for height, can be used to calculate the least amount of material needed to
build a can with the volume of 360cm3. As the height can be substituted into the surface area to get the formula
for the least amount of material.

360 cm3
Height=
π r2
Surface area= 2πr2 + 2πrh
360
= 2πr2 + 2πr
π r2
720
Material = 2πr2 +
r

Radius (cm) v 720

Height (cm) ( ) Materials (cm) (M= 2πr2 + )
π r2 r
1 360 720
=114.59 2 π ( 12 ) + =726.28
2
π (1 ) 1

2 360 720
=458.37 2 π (22)+ =385.13
π (2 )
2
2
3 360 720
=1031.32 2 π ( 3 2) + =296.55
π (32) 3
4 360 720
=280.53 2 π ( 42 ) + =280.53
π (4 )
2
4
5 360 720
=2864.79 2 π ( 5 2) + =301.08
π (52) 5
6 360 720
=4125.30 2 π (62)+ =346.19
2
π (6 ) 6
7 360 720
=5614.99 2 π ( 7 2 )+ =410.73
π ( 7 2) 7
8 360 720
=7333.86 2 π ( 8 2 )+ =492.12
π (82) 8
9 360 720
9281.92 2 π ( 92 ) + =588.94
π (9 )
2
9
10 360 720
=11459.16 2 π ( 102 ) + =700.32
π (102) 10
11 360 720
=13865.58 2 π ( 11 2 )+ =825.72
2
π (11 ) 11
12 360 720
=16501.18 2 π ( 122 ) + =964.78
π (122) 12
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A graph can then be plotted to show the minimum point which is going to be the least amount of materials used
to build a can of volume 360cm3.

GRAPH OF MATERIALS V.S RADIUS

Y-Values
1200

1000 964.78
825.72
800 726.28 700.32
Materials(cm)

588.94
600
492.12
385.13 410.73
400 346.19
296.55 280.53 301.08

200

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Radius(cm)

Scale = X:1cm:2cm
Y:1cm:200cm

As the graph shows the least amount of materials needed to build an aluminum can of volume=360cm3 is when
the radius is 4cm.

Another way the minimum surface area can be found is by equating the derivative of the area with respects to
height to zero as displayed below.

v
=r 2
πh
v
r=

v
√πh

√ πh
was substituted for r in the equation A where A is area.

v 2v
A=2 πh × √ +
πh h
2v
A=2× √ vπh +
h
A=2× √ vπh +2 vh−1
A was derived with respects to h.
dA −1
= √ πv ×h 2 −2 v h−2
dh
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dA √ πv 2 v
= -
dh √ h h2
dA
A minimum value of “A” was given to find the value h let =0.
dh
√ πv − 2 v =0
√ h h2
3

√ πv h 2 −2 v
=0
h2
3
2
√ πv h −2 v=0
3
2
√ πv h =2 v
3
2 2v
h =
√ πv
3 2v 2
(h 2 )2 = ( )
√ πv
4v
h3¿
π
3 4v
h=
√ π
360cm3 was substituted for “V”, the volume in the equation above.
3 4 ×360
h=
√3 1440
π
¿
√3
π
¿ √ 458.37( 2d . p)
H= 7.71cm or 7.710313946cm (exact value)

8
APPLICATION OF SOLUTION
When h= 7.71cm (2d.p)
v=π r 2 h
v
r 2=
πh
v
r=
√ πh
360
r=
√ π × 7.71
360
r=
√ 24.22
= 3.86cm (2 d.p) or 3.855353287cm (exact value)
⸫ d=2 × 7.710313946(exact value to get the same h)
d=7.71cm
when radius=7.71cm
A=2 πrh ×2 π r 2
= (7.71 × π × 7.71) + (2 × π ×3.855353287 × 3.855353287)
A= 280.14cm

The values for height found for the cylindrical can by the derivative of area with respect to height produced, are
very similar to what was found in the prior investigation. The values were more precise than the ones before,
there were definite values for height which led to dimensions which produced surface areas smaller than any
stated in the table before.

9
DISCUSSION
The least amount of material needed to make an aluminum can, can be accomplished by using the smallest
surface area. The can in this case will be cylindrical hence it will have a diameter of 7.71cm, height of 7.71cm
and surface area of 280.14cm2 to have a volume of 360cm3. The smallest surface area was used because the
smaller the area the more money is saved when purchasing materials to build the can and it will cost the least
amount of money therefore this product will be very cheap. The cheaper the product, the more consumers will
purchase, and the vendor will make more money.

10
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded a cylindrical aluminum can with a diameter of 7.71cm, a height of 7.71cm and a surface
area of 280.14cm2 is the dimensions for the least amount of material needed to make a can to hold the volume
360cm3.
3 4V
So, for upcoming analysis the equations V= π r 2 h , A=2× √ πVh+2 V h−1∧h=
√ π
can be used to find the
volume, area and minimum value of h(height) respectively of a cylinder by a person who needs to calculate the
least amount of materials needed to build a cylindrical can of a specific volume.

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