RECTANGULAR FORM

(-3 + 4i)2 = (-3 + 4i)(-3 + 4i)

= (-3)2 + (-3)(4i)(2) + (4i)2
= 9 – 24i + 16(-1)
= 9 – 24i – 16
(-3 + 4i)2 = -7 – 24i

√−3+ 4 i
a + bi = √−3+ 4 i
(a + bi)2 = -3 + 4i
a2 + 2abi + b2i2 = -3 + 4i
a2 + 2abi – b2 = -3 + 4i
a2 – b2 + 2abi = -3 + 4i

For Real Part:

a2 – b2 = -3  eq. 1

For Imaginary Part:

2abi = 4i
2ab = 4
ab = 2
b = 2/a  eq. 2

Solution:

From eq. 1

a2 – b2 = -3
a2 – (2/a)2 = -3
4
a 2− =−3  multiply both sides by a2
a2

a4 – 4 = -3a2
a4 + 3a2 – 4 = 0
(a2 – 1)(a2 + 4) = 0

a2 – 1 = 0
a2 = 1
a = ±1

a2 + 4 = 0
a2 = -4
a2 = 4(-1)
a =± √ 4 × √ −1
a = ±2i  reject

a = 1, b = 2
a = -1, b = -2

√−3+ 4 i = 1 + 2i
= -1 – 2i

POLAR FORM

z = -3 + 4i, a = -3, b=4

r 2 = a 2 + b2
r2 = (-3)2 + (4)2
r2 = 9 + 16
r2 = 25
r=5

tan Ɵ = b/a
tan Ɵ = 4/-3
Ɵ = -53.13° or 126.87°

z = -3 + 4i  rectangular form
z = 5∠126.87°  polar form

de Moivre’s Theorem

[r∠Ɵ]n = rn ∠nƟ

Ɵ+k 360
[r∠Ɵ]1/n = r1/n ∠ ; k = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , n – 1
n

(-3 + 4i)2 = -7 – 24i

[5∠126.87°]2 = 52 ∠2(126.87°)
= 25∠253.74°
= -6.99 – 24.00i
= -7 – 24i

√−3+ 4 i = 1 + 2i
= -1 – 2i

126.87° + k 360 °
[5∠126.87°]1/2 = 51/2 ∠
2

For k = 0:

126.87° +(0)360 °
[5∠126.87°]1/2 = 51/2 ∠
2
126.87° +0 °
= 51/2 ∠
2
= √ 5 ∠ 63.435°
= 2.236∠ 63.435 ° = 1 +2i

For k = 2:
 126.87° +(1) 360 °
[5∠126.87°]1/2 = 51/2 ∠
2
126.87° +360 °
= 51/2 ∠
2
= √ 5 ∠ 243.435°
= 2.236 ∠ 243.435 ° = -1 – 2i

√3 8 = 81/3 = 2
z = 8 + 0i, a = 8, b=0

r 2 = a 2 + b2
r 2 = 82 + 0 2
r2 = 64
r=8

Ɵ = 0°

tan Ɵ = b/a
tan Ɵ = 0/8
tan Ɵ = 0
Ɵ = 0°

z = a + bi = r∠Ɵ
z = 8 + 0i = 8∠0°

Ɵ+k 360
[r∠Ɵ]1/n = r1/n ∠ ; k = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , n – 1
n

(8 + 0i)1/3 = (8∠0°)1/3

0+k 360
(8∠0°)1/3 = 81/3 ∠
n

For k = 0: (Primary, Main, Principal)

0+(0) 360
(8∠0°)1/3 = 81/3 ∠
3

0+0
= 81/3 ∠
3

= 81/3∠0°
= 2∠0° = 2 + 0i = 2

For k = 1:

0+(1) 360
(8∠0°)1/3 = 81/3 ∠
3
0+360
= 81/3 ∠
3
= 81/3∠120°
= 2∠120° = -1 + 1.732i

For k = 2:

0+(2)360
(8∠0°)1/3 = 81/3 ∠
3
0+720
= 81/3 ∠
3
= 81/3∠240°
= 2∠240° = -1 – 1.732i

KUNWARI!!!!!!!!!

For k =3:

0+(3) 360
(8∠0°)1/3 = 81/3 ∠
3
0+1080
= 81/3 ∠
3
= 81/3∠360°
= 2 ∠360° = 2∠0°  KAYA, WAG KANG PANGAHAS! WAG KA NANG MAGTANGKA =)