WIND ENERGY

Submitted by:

Ritik Dubey

Registration Number:

12011977

In partial fulfilment for the requirement of the award of the degree of

"B.Tech. (Computer Science & Engineering) (Hons.)"

Submitted to:

Lovely Professional University

Phagwara, Punjab
 STUDENT DECLARATION

I, Ritik Dubey, Registration Number: 12011977, hereby declare that the work done
by me on "Wind Energy" from June 2021 to July 2021 is a record of original work
for the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree, "B.Tech.
(Computer Science & Engineering) (Hons.)"

Name of the student (registration number): Ritik Dubey (12011977)

Signature of the student: R. Dubey

CERTIFICATE
 INTRODUCTION

Many people believe that wind power can help to partially solve our country's energy
dilemma because it is a clean and renewable source of electricity. In recent years, wind
power has increased by leaps and bounds. Wind turbines are popping up in wind farms
throughout the country, thanks to a 45 per cent increase in wind power-producing
capacity in 2007. According to the most recent data from IRENA, wind power generation
accounted for 6% of all renewable energy generation in 2016. Strong winds can be
found in many locations of the world, but the ideal places to create wind power are
sometimes far away. Offshore wind has a huge potential.
Wind power generation reduces reliance on fossil fuels. As a result, CO2 emissions are
powered by fossil fuels; nevertheless, a given CO2 reduction is more effective in
preventing global warming if done sooner rather than later. Wind power's growth rate
will be determined by cost (see RO2), as well as other elements such as government
policy, public opinion, our manufacturing base, and the rate at which local and national
transmission is reinforced.
In India, there is a lot of wind potential. Hence governmental guidelines exist to
encourage people to build wind turbines in wind-rich areas like Rajasthan, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu to produce green and clean energy.
This study gives a high-level overview of the wind energy industry. Begin with a
description of how wind energy works. The following section includes an examination
of the current situation of the electrical industry and a discussion of the benefits of wind
power that have led to the recent expansion. The construction phases of a wind farm
are examined, and the local difficulties frequently occur. The research concludes with a
consideration of wind power's anticipated future developments. The following are some
of the report's highlights:

1. Solar energy is manifested in the form of wind. The sun's uneven warming of
the atmosphere, abnormalities in the Earth's surface, and the Earth's rotation
all contribute to wind. There are two types of modern wind turbines: the
horizontal axis and the vertical axis.
2. Modern wind turbines are divided into two categories: the horizontal axis and
the vertical axis.
3. Today's mid-size wind turbines are 1.5 megawatts (MW).
4. Coal is the most common source of electricity (49%), followed by natural gas
(20%) and nuclear energy (10%). (19 per cent). Wind power accounted for just
over 1% of total production in 2007. Illinois had the seventh-highest amount
with 699 MW spread over seven wind farms and three projects with one
turbine each.
5. Wind power has several advantages, including lower greenhouse gas
emissions and a significant economic benefit to local communities.
6. Tax credits, research money, energy standards, and development grants and
loans are examples of government assistance for the wind energy business.
The Renewable Electricity Generation Tax Credit, which offers a tax credit of
2.0 per kWh, is the most critical government initiative.
7. Wildlife impacts, wind farm noise, aesthetics, and flickering shadows are
some of the local difficulties that frequently arise with developing a wind
farm. The future of wind power in Illinois looks bright as more than 35
projects are proposed, but this growth in the sector could be due to the
renewal of the production tax credit.
8. The future of wind power in Illinois appears bright, with more than 35 projects
proposed, but this rise could be attributed to the production tax credit
extension.
9. Wind energy contributes to the development of a robust national supply
chain. By 2050, wind energy can sustain over 600,000 employment in
manufacture, installation, maintenance, and support.
10. Wind energy is cost-effective. The electric utility industry should be less
sensitive to natural gas volatility and more windy coal pricing because wind
power contracts typically have fixed rates for 20 years. Wind power will save
customers $ 280 billion by 2050 by lowering national sensitivity to price
spikes and supply interruptions through long-term pricing. Wind energy
 reduces pollution levels in the atmosphere. In 2013, wind energy averted the
release of almost 250,000 metric tonnes of air pollutants, including sulphur
dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter, by operating at
total capacity. Wind energy has the potential to prevent t Wind energy helps to
conserve water. Wind power can save 260 billion gallons of water, or the
equivalent of 400,000 Olympic-size swimming pools, by 2050, compared to
the electrical industry.
11. The spread of wind energy boosts the community's income. By 2050, local
governments will collect $ 3.2 billion in additional tax revenue from land lease
payments and property taxes. The emission of 12.3 gigatons of greenhouse
gases by 2050. Wind energy conserves water resources. By 2050, wind
power can save 260 billion gallons of water, the equivalent of some 400,000
Olympic-size swimming pools; the electricity sector would have used that.
12. The diffusion of wind energy increases the income of the community. Local
communities will collect additional tax revenue from land lease payments and
property taxes, reaching $ 3.2 billion per year by 2050.
 How Wind Energy Works

How Wind Turbines Work

Solar energy is manifested in the form of wind. Winds are created by the sun's uneven
heating of the atmosphere, irregularities in the planet's surface, and the world's rotation.
The Earth's geography, bodies of water, and flora all influence wind flow patterns. Wind
flow, also known as kinetic energy, is used for various things, including sailing, flying
kites, and even generating electricity.

The phrases wind energy and wind energy refers to using wind to generate mechanical
or electrical energy. The kinetic energy (KE) of the wind is converted into mechanical
energy by wind turbines. This mechanical power can be employed for specific tasks or
converted to electricity using a generator.
So, how do wind turbines generate power? Simply said, a wind turbine functions in the
opposite direction of a fan. Rather than generating wind like a fan, Wind turbines use the
wind to generate electricity. A shaft that connects to an electricity-generating generator.

Types of Wind Turbines

As depicted in the photo, the horizontal axis variation and the vertical axis variety, such
as the Eggbeater-style Darrieus model named after its French creator, are the two
primary types of modern wind turbines. Horizontal axes commonly feature two or three
blades. The rotor blades face the wind, and the turbines are operated "against the wind."
 • Horizontal Axis Turbines:
One of the most well-known forms of a wind turbine is the HAWT (Horizontal
Axis Wind Turbine). A HAWT differs from a vertical axis wind turbine in that its
central axis is attached to the ground in a horizontal direction. A wind turbine
with a horizontal axis has a shaft that is horizontally oriented to the environment.
When the rotor blades surround the tower, the massive 3-blade horizontal axis
wind turbine generates most of the world's wind power. The generator and rotor
shaft in these turbine towers must be pointed into the wind. There are a variety of
sizes available, ranging from 100W to 100KW. These HAWTs are often employed
in optimal airflow and direction to accommodate maximum wind power.

• Vertical Axis Turbines:

The most common type of wind turbine is the vertical axis wind turbine or VAWT. The
VAWT's main shaft is vertically fastened to the ground, while the turbine's other major
components are located at the base. The wind turbine's vertical axis is perpendicular to
the ground and is oriented vertically. It is not necessary to turn the turbine downwind for
it to function correctly. In places where the wind direction varies greatly, the vertical axis
wind turbine offers a significant benefit.
A vertical axis wind turbine is created to be cost-effective, practical, efficient, and quiet.
These turbines are suitable for household usage, whereas HAWT is better for commercial
use.
Application of Wind Turbines

Wind turbines can be constructed on land or at sea, in big bodies of water like seas and
lakes.

Modern wind turbines are divided into categories based on their location and grid
connection:

1. Wind from the ground

2. Offshore Wind Power

3. Distributed or small-scale wind

Land-Based Wind

Onshore wind turbines are available in sizes ranging from 100 kW to several
megawatts.

More giant wind turbines are more economical. Thus they're placed together in wind
turbines that supply a lot of energy to the grid.
Offshore Wind

Offshore wind turbines are often massive, towering over the Statue of Liberty in height.

Because huge components can be carried by ship rather than road, they don't have the
same transportation issues as onshore wind turbines.

These turbines can capture strong ocean winds and produce a lot of energy.
Small Scale or Distributed Wind

This sort of wind energy is the polar opposite of the preceding examples; smaller wind
turbines are employed to address the energy needs of a given locality or region. These
smaller installations (size 5 kilowatts) can meet part or all of a house's needs depending
on the climate, and medium-sized versions (approximately 20 kilowatts) can be found in
industrial plants or communities where they are part of a renewable energy system that
includes solar, geothermal, and other energy sources.

Sizes of Wind Turbines

The supply area has turbines ranging in capacity from 100 kilowatts to several
megawatts. Wind farms made up of more giant turbines deliver enormous amounts of
electricity to the power system. At the moment, the average size of wind turbines placed
in parks is roughly 1.5 MW.

Households, telephone antennae, and water pump all employ single small turbines with
less than 100 kilowatts. Small turbines are sometimes combined with diesel engines,
batteries, and photovoltaic systems to generate electricity. These are known as hybrid
wind systems, and they are often utilized in isolated, off-grid places where there is no
access to the electricity grid.

Inside a Wind Turbine

A diagram of the inside of a wind turbine is shown below, along with descriptions of
each component.
• Anemometer: This device measures wind speed and sends the information to the
controller.
• The blades on most turbines are two or three. The leaves "lift" and rotate as a
result of the wind blowing on them.
• In an emergency, a disc brake can stop the rotor manually, electrically, or
hydraulically.
• The controller starts the machine in winds ranging from 13 to 26 miles per hour
(mph) and switches it off at 55 mph. Turbines will not operate in gusts exceeding
55 mph because strong winds may destroy them.
• Gearbox: gears connect the low and high-speed shafts and boost the speed from
30 to 60 revolutions per minute (RPM) to 1000 to 1800 RPM, which is the speed
used by most generators. It is necessary to generate electricity. Engineers are
investigating "direct-drive" generators that work at lower rates and do not require
gears, as the wind turbine's housing is an expensive (and heavy) component.
• A rack and pinion induction generator that produces 60 cycles alternating current
is typical.
• A high-speed shaft drives the generator.
• Low-Speed Shaft: The low-speed shaft rotates at 30 to 60 revolutions per minute,
depending on the rotor.
• The gearbox, slow and fast running shafts, generator, control system, and brake
are all housed in the gondola mounted on the tower. Some gondolas are large
enough to accommodate a helicopter landing.
• Rotor: The rotor is made up of the blades and the hub.
• Step: To control rotor speed and prevent the rotor from turning in winds that are
too high or too low to generate power, the rotor blades are turned or slanted out of
the wind.
 • Tubular steel (as depicted above), concrete, or steel mesh are used to construct
towers. Turbines with taller towers can collect more energy and generate more
electricity as wind speed increases with altitude.
• Wind Direction: This is an "upwind" turbine, which means it operates against the
wind. Other turbines have their backs to the wind and are intended to run
"downwind."
• Vane: It measures direction of wind and communicate with the yaw motor to
ensure the turbine is accurately aligned with the wind.
• Yaw Drive: wind turbines facing the wind; the yaw drive keeps the rotor pointed
in the direction of the wind as the wind direction changes. Downwind turbines
don't need a yaw drive because the rotor is blown in the direction of the wind.
• An azimuth motor drives the azimuth drive.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY

ADVANTAGES
Employes People: The wind sector employs approximately 100,000 people, with wind turbine
technicians being one of the fastest-growing occupations. According to the report, wind can
support over 600,000 jobs in manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and support services by
2050.

Wind energy is cost-effective: After the production tax credit, land-based utility-scale wind
energy is cost-effective. Because power from wind energy farms is sold at a fixed price over a
long period and its fuel is free, this energy mitigates the price volatility that fuel costs bring to
traditional energy sources.

It is a clean fuel source: Unlike power plants that use fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas,
wind energy does not pollute the air, producing particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulphur
dioxide, causing human health concerns and economic harm. Wind turbines do not produce
pollutants that cause acid rain, smog, or greenhouse gas emissions into the environment.

Helps Economy: New wind farms represent an annual investment in the economy of more than
$10 billion, enabling industrial expansion and competitiveness. Because they have a substantial
domestic resource and a highly skilled workforce, states can compete globally in the clean
energy economy.

Boosts Rural Economic: Wind turbines can be built on existing farms or ranches, boosting the
economy in rural areas with the majority of the best wind sites. Because turbines of wind only
take up a small fraction of the land, farmers and ranchers may continue to work it. Landowners
receive additional income from wind power plant owners who pay rent to farmers and ranchers
to use their land.

Renewable Energy: It is a renewable energy source that can be used in the home. In the United
States, wind energy is abundant and infinite. Over the previous decade, wind power capacity has
grown at a pace of 15% per year, making it the most significant renewable energy source.

DISADVANTAGES
Noise Pollution: Turbines may pollute the environment with noise and odours: Turbines may
pollute the environment with noise and odours: Even though wind power plants have a more
negligible environmental impact than conventional power plants, there is concern about the noise
generated by the turbine blades as well as the visual effects on the landscape.

Harms Local Wildlife: Wind turbines have been known to kill birds when they collide with
moving turbine blades. As a result of technological breakthroughs or thoughtful wind farm
siting, the bulk of these difficulties have been eliminated or significantly reduced. Like all energy
sources, wind projects have the potential to modify the ecosystem on which they are erected,
affecting the habitat appropriateness of individual species.

Transmission lines needed: Good land-based wind sites are typically found in rural locations, far
from municipalities requiring power, necessitating transmission lines to transport electricity from
the wind farm to the city. On the other hand, even if only a portion of the projected transmission
lines is built, the costs of developing wind energy might be dramatically reduced.

Cost Competition: Even though the cost of wind power has dropped considerably in recent
decades, wind projects must still be able to compete economically with the cheapest source of
electricity, and some areas may not be windy enough to be cost-competitive.

Wind turbines can cause shadow Flicker: When moving turbine blades come between a viewer
and the sun, generating a shifting shadow, the phrase "shadow flicker" is used. People who are
trying to read or watch television may be distracted by shadow flickers. Because of the country's
latitude, the sun's angle in the sky is not particularly low; shadow flicker should not be a problem
(except in Alaska). This problem is becoming increasingly uncommon as a result of better
project planning and more considerable setbacks. If an impact occurs, it usually lasts for a few
hours over a year.

FACTORS ON WHICH WIND POWER PLANT DEPENDS

Wind power plants create electricity by integrating several wind turbines at one location.
The location of the wind generating facility is influenced by wind conditions, surrounding
terrain, accessibility to electric transmission, and other factors.

Each turbine in a utility-scale wind farm generates electricity, sent to a substation and then
to the grid, where it is used to power our communities.

Transmission:

Transmission lines provide high-voltage power from wind turbines and other energy
sources to areas needed over long distances.
Substation:

A substation is a device that connects the transmission system to the distribution system,
which is in charge of providing power to the public. Transformers in the substation
transform high-voltage electricity to lower-voltage electricity, which may be safely
delivered to electrical users.

Transformers:
Transformers take alternating current (AC) power at one voltage and increase or decrease
it as needed to transport it. In a wind power facility, a step-up transformer is used to
enhance the voltage (thus lowering the required current), reducing the power losses while
transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances with transmission lines.
Transformers reduce the voltage of electricity as it enters a neighbourhood, making it safe
and usable by the community's structures and residents.

Wind Direction

This aspect influences the turbine's design. Upwind turbines, like this one, face the wind,
but downwind turbines face the opposite direction. Upwind turbines make up the great
majority of utility-scale land-based wind turbines.
Wind Turbine Tower

The tower, which is composed of tubular steel, supports the turbine's structure. Typically,
buildings are shipped in three parts and assembled on-site. Because speed of wind increases
with height, taller towers allow turbines to capture more energy and generate more
electricity. Winds of 30 metres or more (approximately 100 feet) are also less turbulent.
 WIND FARM

• Wind farms are areas with a large number of massive wind turbines clustered
together. They "harvest" the energy of the wind. These gigantic turbines have the
appearance of super-tall windmills.
• A wind turbine can be thought of as the polar opposite of a fan. Electricity is used
to generate wind in a fan. Wind turbines, on the other hand, generate electricity by
using the wind! A shaft is rotated. The generator that creates electricity is connected
to the rotating shaft.
• Hundreds of wind turbines can be spread out over hundreds of kilometres in a large
wind farm, and the land between the turbines can be used for other purposes, such
as conventional farming. Wind farms can also be found near bodies of water, taking
advantage of the winds that blow across lakes and oceans.
• Wind farms, on the other hand, can be expensive to build. Its cost gradually
approaches that of different types of generation systems. Unfortunately, even if you
want to, you can't let the wind blow. As a result, wind farms are not always able to
supply electrical demand.
• Wind energy is a type of solar energy that you may not be aware of. The Earth's
form and rotation act in tandem.
• Are you curious as to why scientists consider wind to be a source of energy? There
are numerous explanations for this. Wind energy is a renewable and accessible
source of energy. Wind farms, unlike most power stations, do not emit pollutants or
greenhouse gases.
• Wind farms are constructed in regions where the wind is mighty regularly. Winds
turn turbine blades, which are then converted into mechanical energy by turbines,
converted into electricity by generators, which are then utilized to power homes.
• New technology, according to scientists, will increase the popularity of wind power
over time. They anticipate that individuals will be able to store wind energy in
batteries and use it as needed in the future. Wind power currently generates about
 3% of all electricity in the United States. According to experts, wind power is
expected to account for 20% of the country's electricity by 2030.

India's Top 5 Wind Farms

India's wind capacity increased by 5.5 gigatonnes (GW) in 2016-2017, and the South Asian
country intends to create 60 GW of wind power by 2022.

Currently, wind energy contributes about 10% of India's total installed capacity for
electricity generation.

The Indian government offers various tax and financial incentives to stimulate private
sector investment in wind energy projects throughout the country. The government has
installed roughly 800 wind monitoring stations (NIWE) through the National Institute of
Wind Energy.

According to the National Institute of Wind Energy, India has a gross wind power potential
of 302GW at 100 metres above ground level.

1. Muppandal Wind Farm with a capacity of 1,500MW

2. Jaisalmer Wind Park with a capacity of 1,064MW
3. Brahmanvel Wind Farm with a capacity of 528MW
4. Dhalgaon Wind Farm with a capacity of 278MW

5. Vankusawade Wind Park with a capacity of 259MW

 STEPS FOR BUILDING A WIND FARM

1. Understand Your Wind Resource

When constructing a wind energy system, the wind resource at the site is the most crucial
factor to consider. A place must have an annual average wind speed of 11-13 mph to be
considered. Weather data from airports and meteorological stations in the area may
provide some insight into averages. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's
website, http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/, also has wind maps for your state. You'll
eventually want to set up your monitoring equipment to record the wind data at the
location.

2. Determine Proximity to Existing Transmission Lines

Keeping costs down while creating a wind farm requires minimizing the amount of
transmission infrastructure installed. Each mile of a high-voltage transmission line can
cost hundreds of dollars. (A high-voltage cable costs $1.5 million per mile, according to
an article in USA Today on February 26, 2008.) Whenever possible, availability and
access to existing lines should be considered while selecting a site.

3. Secure Access to Land

Landowners, both private and public, will demand reimbursement for any wind energy
development that occurs on their land. The royalties or lease arrangements will need to be
discussed by all parties involved. Roads, transmission equipment, maintenance
infrastructure, turbines, and other similar factors must be taken into account. In addition,
the construction of a wind farm necessitates the use of heavy industrial machinery.
Developers will require roadways that can sustain massive loads. Landowners and, in
some situations, the local community will need to work together to achieve this.

4. Establish Access to Capital

The expense of building a wind farm is not insignificant. The average cost of wind power
development is $1 million per megawatt of installed generating capacity. To profit from
economies of scale, wind power facilities should be greater than 20 MW. It would require
at least 26 turbines and a $20 million initial investment, assuming the average turbine had
a capacity of 750 kW. (955 turbines added 1,479 MW of power to the US market in the
first quarter of 2008.) It amounts to a 1.55 MW capacity per turbine. The average wind
project size was 61.6 MW or around 40 turbines.

5. Identify Reliable Power Purchaser or Market

On the market today, wind energy is the most cost-effective renewable energy
choice. Wind energy's cost has dropped to the point where it competes with
several traditional power generation sources. On the other hand, utilities would
generally purchase electricity using the technology that they believe is the most
cost-effective and reliable. Natural gas is used in the majority of cases.

This does not, however, exclude the idea of a wind market. Environmental rules
and demand for "green power" (electricity generated from clean sources such as
wind and sold to customers at a premium) produce wind energy buyers and
competitive pricing. A developer will get preliminary commitments from one or
more consumers for the wind plant's production throughout the next 10 to 30 years
of operation before investing thousands of dollars in wind resource appraisals,
permitting, and pre-construction preparations.
 6. Address Siting and Project Feasibility Considerations

The presence of wind does not necessarily imply that a site is suitable for wind
energy generation. When determining where to locate a project, a developer must
take into account several factors. Is there much raptor activity in the area? Is there
any endangered or protected wildlife that the facility might harm? Is the geology
of the site conducive to industrialization? Will the noise and aesthetics disturb the
surrounding community? Will the turbines obstruct the flight path of local traffic?
When deciding where to build a wind farm, many environmental and social factors
are to consider. Wind farms can be good neighbours, but the developer must
engage with regulators and the local community to ensure that a project moves
forward acceptably.
7. Understand Wind Energy's Economics

A variety of factors influences a wind turbine's cost and productivity. For example,
the energy a wind turbine can generate is proportional to the cubic metre of
average wind speed at your location. Therefore slight variances in wind speed can
result in significant differences in productivity and electricity costs. Furthermore,
the swept area of a turbine rotor is proportional to the square of the blade length
(the radius of the rotor's swept area).

A slight increase in blade length boosts energy production and profits. It can also
have a significant impact on the project's profitability. Costs can be significantly
decreased by getting considerable investment funding or co-ownership of a project.
In addition, there are federal and state incentives that a project may be eligible for,
lowering expenses and encouraging a lower investment.

8. Obtain Zoning and Permitting Expertise

Locating any electricity project can be difficult due to the dizzying variety of social and
environmental elements at play. It would be beneficial for a wind power company to
recruit a familiar professional with the regulatory environment surrounding wind energy
production. Additionally, legal counsel familiar with the local political background may
help with the permission process.

9. Establish Dialogue with Turbine Manufacturers and Project Developers

Even though they appear to have comparable power ratings, each wind turbine is
distinct. Some machines are designed to work better in lower wind speeds, while
others work better in higher wind speeds. A potential wind power producer should
investigate all of the essential elements and evaluate the performance of existing
equipment. Anecdotal information, as well as the professional skills of wind
energy companies may also be helpful.

10. Secure Agreements to Meet Operation and Maintenance Needs

In recent years, wind turbine technology has evolved dramatically. Machines are
more efficient and cost-effective than they have ever been. However, they are
more advanced. Turbine availability (reliability) is crucial in project success, and
specialists with experience in wind turbine operation and maintenance can be
invaluable. Furthermore, if qualified project operators are present to maintain the
equipment, turbine manufacturers may provide more favourable product
guarantees.
 FUTURE OF WIND ENERGY

Wind energy has a promising future. The International Renewable Energy Agency's
(IRENA) latest report, "Future of the Wind," claims wind energy deployment is growing
globally.

According to the business, wind power is expected to account for 35 percent of global
power needs by 2050. However, for that to happen, wind power's current potential would
have to increase tenfold to 6,000 gigawatts, with 5,000 GW on land and 1,000 GW
offshore.

"Wind electricity, combined with solar power, may pave the way for the change of the
global energy sector," according to IRENA. "By 2050, onshore and offshore wind could
contribute more than one-third (35%) of total energy needs, making it the dominant
power source."

Furthermore, according to the document, the increased deployment of wind energy would
need to be accompanied by deep electrification and increased power efficiency. If that
happens, we'll save more than a quarter of a billion tonnes of CO2 per year by 2050, or
over 6.3 gigatonnes per year, thanks to wind power.

However, such a massive reduction in global CO2 emissions will need significantly
increasing wind potential globally in the following decades. According to the business,
"this entails increasing the global cumulative installed potential of onshore wind
generation by more than threefold through 2030 (to 1,787 gigawatts) and nine-fold
through 2050 (to 5,044 GW) compared to installed potential in 2018 (542 GW)."
"Global cumulative installed potential for offshore wind production could increase nearly
tenfold by 2030 (to 228 GW) and significantly by 2050, with total offshore installation
topping 1,000 GW by 2050," the report concludes.

Wind energy is being embraced by major industrialized countries like Germany, which is
encouraging. At the moment, Germany has about 1,500 offshore wind turbines with a
combined capacity of 7,516 MW. Last year, the United States of America delivered more
than 1,100 MW of new wind energy to the system. "Electricity generated by offshore
wind power is cost-effective, dependable, and always competitive," Germany's wind
power organizations emphasize.

According to industry analysts, Germany's overall wind power potential might reach
twenty gigawatts (GW) within a decade with well-considered government rules in place.
They claim that by 2035, the United States will require a total capacity of up to 35 GW in
offshore wind energy, even though the government has vowed to close all coal-fired
plants before that date.

"Wind electricity is Germany's most critical renewable energy source, contributing nearly
one area to overall energy manufacturing in 2019, more than any other electricity
source," according to Clean Energy Wire. "However, at the same time that offshore wind
electricity expanded unrestrictedly in that year, onshore turbine potential shrank by 80%,"
it warns.

As a result, business institutions have warned that "a persistent suspicion may have
severe consequences for business and jobs, rendering Germany's carbon reduction and
renewables growth goals impossible," according to Clean Energy Wire.
 GOVERNMENT ACTIONS RELATED TO WIND ENERGY

India's wind energy sector is led by an indigenous wind energy company that has made
steady growth. The wind industry's growth has resulted in a healthy ecology, project
management skills, and a production base of around 10,000 MW per year. With an
overall set-up capability of 39.25 GW (as of March 31, 2021), the United States now has
the fourth-highest wind set-up capability in the world. It has generated around 60.149
billion units from 2020 to 2021.
The government is promoting wind energy initiatives in the entire United States through
non-public sector funding by offering a variety of financial and economic incentives,
such as an Accelerated Depreciation benefit and a concessional customs duty exemption
on positive components of wind electric powered generators. In addition, the Generation
Based Incentive (GBI) scheme is now available for wind projects that were completed
before March 31, 2017.
In addition to those mentioned above monetary and other incentives, the
following actions have been made to encourage the installation of wind
power in the country:
• Technical assistance is provided by the National Institute of Wind Energy in
Chennai, including wind resource evaluation and site identification.
• To boost interstate wind power sales, interstate transmission prices and losses have
been waived for wind and solar projects due to be completed by March 2022.
• The goal of the Guidelines for Tariff-Based Competitive Bidding Process for
Procurement of Power from Grid Connected Wind Power Projects was to provide
a framework for procuring wind power through a transparent bidding process,
including standardization of the process and defining roles and responsibilities of
various stakeholders. The purpose of these Guidelines is to assist Distribution
Licensees in obtaining wind electricity at competitive rates cost-effectively.
 CONCLUSION

Our energy needs are most likely to be met by wind energy. It has a lot of potentials
and is easy to operate. All you have to do is build the turbine, and the rest will be taken
care of for you. A single turbine may power more than 200 homes. Every wind turbine
has a 20-25-year lifespan. As long as the wind blows, wind turbines can create
electricity. Wind power contributes only a tiny portion of total electricity generation.

Unlike coal, wind turbines do not create greenhouse gases and are a completely
renewable energy source. Many individuals predict that wind energy will soon
overtake fossil fuels as our primary energy source. Wind turbines may be the energy
solution we've been looking for, even though they can cause wildlife complaints and
deaths. Wind Energy converts the motion of the air into mechanical energy by
harnessing the natural wind in our environment. Changes in atmospheric pressure
cause wind.

The speed of the wind varies depending on the place, geography, and season. As a
result, some areas are better suited to the creation of wind energy than others. This
energy was once used to mill grain and pump water, but it is mainly used to create
electricity.

Wind energy is becoming a more significant part of the global energy mix. Wind
power, on the other hand, has some issues. Wind speeds can fluctuate throughout the
day and year, producing power outages on power grids. Wind power has traditionally
been more expensive than traditional energy generation methods, though the cost
curve for wind power has fallen substantially in recent years. Concerns about land use,
noise, and bird disruption have also been raised in some areas.