Medical Gas Systems

NFPA 99 –2012
Bob Kroening
 Over 25 years designing, inspecting, and verifying plumbing systems
in Healthcare Facilities
 President of Medical Gas Systems , Inc., A medical gas system
consulting and verification company.
 MGS has been consulting, inspecting, testing, and certifying medical gas systems in the United
States and Canada since 1975

Currently credentialed:
 Medical Gas System Installer (ASSE 6010) by National Inspection
Testing Certification Corporation (NITC)
 Medical Gas System Inspector (ASSE 6020) by National
Inspection Testing Certification Corporation (NITC)
 Medical Gas System Verifier (ASSE 6030) by National Inspection
Testing Certification Corporation (NITC)
 Credentialed Medical Gas Verifier (CMGV) by Medical Gas
Professional Healthcare Organization (MGPHO)
 Bulk Medical Gas System Verifier (ASSE 6035) by Medical Gas
Professional Healthcare Organization (MGPHO)
 Medical Gas System Instructor (ASSE 6050) by National
Inspection Testing Certification Corporation (NITC)
Important Notice and
Disclaimer of Liability Concerning
the Use of These Materials
The information in this presentation should not be
confused with Federal, State, Provincial, or Municipal
codes, standards, or regulations; insurance requirements;
or national safety codes. These materials are to be used
on a voluntary basis and should not be considered
absolute. Medical Gas Systems, Inc. (MGS) disclaims
liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages
of any nature, whatsoever, whether special, indirect,
consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly
resulting from the publication, use, or reliance on these
materials. MGS makes no guarantee or warranty as to the
accuracy or completeness of any information contained
in this presentation. This presentation was prepared using
the NFPA 99-2012 code document, and ASSE 6000-2012
Qualification Standard
NFPA DISCLAIMER
Although Mr. Kroening is a member of the NFPA, which is responsible for the
applicable sections of NFPA 99: Health Care Facilities Code, the views and
opinions expressed in this presentation are purely the authors and shall not be
considered an official position of the NFPA or any of its Technical Committees
and shall not be considered, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation or
promotion of the NFPA.
Readers are encouraged to refer to the entire text of all referenced
documents.
Important Notice Regarding the Terms of Use
of These Materials
Copyright
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Applicable Codes & Standards
 NFPA 99, 2012 edition
 ANSI/ASSE Series 6000, 2012 edition
 NFPA 55, 2013 edition
NFPA 99 - 2012
 Chapter 5 Gas and Vacuum Systems
 Category 1 - Hospital type facilities.
 Category 2 - Ambulatory Care, Clinic and Nursing
Home facilities.
 Category 3 - Medical, Dental offices and Limited
Care facilities.
 Category 4 - Non-Health Care Facilities

NFPA 99 - 2015
 Chapter 5 Gas and Vacuum Systems
 Category 1 - Hospital type facilities.
 Category 2 - Ambulatory Care, Clinic and
Nursing Home facilities.
 Category 3 - Medical, Dental offices and
Limited Care facilities.
 Category 4 - Non-Health Care Facilities
 NFPA = National Fire Protection Association
 NFPA 99 “Health Care Facilities Code”, is updated by
the “NFPA Technical Committee” approximately every
three years. (The latest version, 2015 Edition “Health
Care Facility Code” was just released in October 2014
and is widely viewed as the most comprehensive
medical gas system document with patient safety at its
highest).
 NFPA 99 is adopted by states, most commonly through,
the adoption of NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
 NFPA 101® Life Safety Code® 2012 Edition (CMS has adopted
NFPA 101 – 2012 and NFPA 99 -2012 effective July 5, 2016)
 NFPA 101-2012 Chapter 18 NEW HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCIES
 101-18.3.2.4 Medical Gas. Medical gas storage and administration
areas shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 99, Standard for
Health Care Facilities.
Medical Gas Systems
 Many specifying engineers will design, and require
that their installations meet the most current version
of NFPA 99 - 2015.
 All medical gas equipment manufactures typically
update their equipment to meet the most current
version of NFPA 99 - 2015.
 Two medical gas equipment manufacturers (Ohio
Medical and Allied Healthcare – Chemetron) have
not updated their product lines to meet the current
NFPA 99 -2012 requirements (specifically 5.1.9.3.5)
Area alarm panels are required to indicate an error in
the event that a gas specific sensor/transducer is
inadvertently connected to an alarm panel circuit
board for another gas type.
NFPA 99 – 2012 Health Care
Facilities Code
 ExistingFacilities directive to adhere to
specific requirements within this code
document NFPA 99 -2012 – 5.1.1.6
 NFPA 99 – 2012 – 5.1.1.6 was revised by
NFPA via TIA 12-4 and is a replacement for
the text that was issued with the NFPA 99-
2012 Health Care Facilities Code book
Existing Facilities (Per TIA 12-4)
 5.1.1.6 The following subsections of this chapter shall apply to
the operation, management, and maintenance of Category
1 medical gas and vacuum systems in existing facilities:
 (1) 5.1.2
 (2) 5.1.3.1
 (3) 5.1.3.2
 (4) 5.1.3.3.1.7
 (5) 5.1.3.3.1.8
 (6) 5.1.3.3.4
 (7) 5.1.3.6.2
 (8) 5.1.3.8.5.2
 (9) 5.1.14
 (10) 5.1.15
Nature of Hazards of Gas
and Vacuum Systems
 5.1.2 Nature of Hazards of Gas and
Vacuum Systems. Potential fire and
explosion hazards associated with positive
pressure gas central piping systems and
medical–surgical vacuum systems shall be
considered in the design, installation,
testing, operation, and maintenance of
these systems.
Central Supply System
Identification and Labeling
 5.1.3.1 Central Supply System Identification and Labeling.
 5.1.3.1.1* Containers, cylinders, and tanks shall be designed,
fabricated, tested, and marked (stamped) in accordance with
regulations of DOT, Transport Canada (TC) Transportation of
Dangerous Goods Regulations, or the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, “Rules for the Construction of Unfired Pressure
Vessels,” Section VIII. [55:7.1.5.1]
 5.1.3.1.2 Cylinder contents shall be identified by attached
labels or stencils naming the contents in accordance with CGA
C-7, Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Labeling and
Marking of Compressed Gas Containers.
 5.1.3.1.3 Liquid containers shall have additional product
identification visible from all directions with a minimum of 51
mm (2 in.) high letters such as a 360-degree wraparound tape
for medical liquid containers.
Central Supply System
Identification and Labeling
 5.1.3.1.4 Cryogenic liquid containers shall be provided with gas-
specific outlet connections in accordance with CGA V-5,
Diameter-Index Safety System (Non-interchangeable Low
Pressure Connections for Medical Gas Applications), or CGA V-
1, Compressed Gas Association Standard for Compressed Gas
Cylinder Valve Outlet and Inlet Connections.
 5.1.3.1.5 Cylinder and cryogenic liquid container outlet
connections shall be affixed in such a manner as to be integral
to the valve(s), un-removable with ordinary tools, or so
designed as to render the attachment point unusable when
removed.
 5.1.3.1.6 The contents of cylinders and cryogenic liquid
containers shall be verified prior to use.
 5.1.3.1.7 Labels shall not be defaced, altered, or removed, and
connecting fittings shall not be modified.
Central Supply System
Identification and Labeling
 5.1.3.1.8 Locations containing positive pressure gases other
than oxygen and medical air shall have their door(s) labeled as
follows:
Positive Pressure Gases
NO Smoking or Open Flame
Room May Have Insufficient Oxygen
Open Door and Allow Room to Ventilate Before Entering
 5.1.3.1.9 Locations containing central supply systems or
cylinders containing only oxygen or medical air shall have their
door(s) labeled as follows:
Medical Gases
NO Smoking or Open Flame
Central Supply System
Operations
 5.1.3.2 Central Supply System Operations.
 5.1.3.2.1 The use of adapters or conversion fittings to adapt one
gas-specific fitting to another shall be prohibited.
 5.1.3.2.2 Cylinders and containers shall be handled in strict
accordance with 11.6.2.
 5.1.3.2.3 Only gas cylinders, reusable shipping containers, and
their accessories shall be permitted to be stored in rooms
containing central supply systems or gas cylinders.
 5.1.3.2.4 No flammable materials, cylinders containing
flammable gases, or containers containing flammable liquids
shall be stored in rooms with gas cylinders.
 5.1.3.2.5 If cylinders are wrapped when received, the wrappers
shall be removed prior to storage.
 5.1.3.2.6 Cylinders without correct markings or whose markings
and gas-specific fittings do not match shall not be used.
Central Supply System
Operations
 5.1.3.2.7 Cryogenic liquid storage units intended to supply gas
to the facility shall not be used to transfill other liquid storage
vessels.
 5.1.3.2.8 Care shall be exercised when handling cylinders that
have been exposed to freezing temperatures or containers
that contain cryogenic liquids to prevent injury to the skin.
 5.1.3.2.9 Cylinders containing compressed gases and
containers for volatile liquids shall be kept away from radiators,
steam piping, and like sources of heat.
 5.1.3.2.10 When cylinder valve protection caps are supplied,
they shall be secured tightly in place unless the cylinder is
connected for use.
 5.1.3.2.11 Containers shall not be stored in a tightly closed
space.
Cylinder Storage Location
Temperature Requirements
 5.1.3.3.1.7 Cylinders in use and in storage shall be prevented
from reaching temperatures in excess of 54°C (130°F).
 (5) 5.1.3.3.1.8 Central supply systems for nitrous oxide and
carbon dioxide using cylinders or portable containers shall be
prevented from reaching temperatures lower than the
recommendations of the central supply system's manufacturer,
but shall never be lower than −29°C (−20°F) or greater than
51.6°C (125°F).
Storage
 5.1.3.3.4 Storage.
 5.1.3.3.4.1 Full or empty medical gas cylinders, when not
connected, shall be stored in locations complying with 5.1.3.3.2
through 5.1.3.3.3 and shall be permitted to be in the same
rooms or enclosures as their respective central supply systems.
 5.1.3.3.4.2 Cylinders, whether full or empty, shall not be stored in
enclosures containing motor-driven machinery, with the
exception of cylinders intended for instrument air reserve
headers complying with 5.1.3.9.5, which shall be permitted to
be placed in the same location containing an instrument air
compressor when it is the only motor-driven machinery located
within the room. Only cylinders intended for instrument air
reserve headers complying with 5.1.3.9.5 shall be permitted to
be stored in enclosures containing instrument air compressors.
Storage
 5.1.3.4 Control Equipment. For control equipment, as specified
in 5.1.3.5.5, 5.1.3.5.6, and 5.1.3.5.7, that is physically remote from
the supply system, the control equipment shall be installed
within a secure enclosure to prevent unauthorized access in
accordance with 5.1.3.3.2(2).
 5.1.3.4.1 The enclosure shall provide enough space to perform
maintenance and repair.
 5.1.3.4.2 The location of the enclosure for control equipment
other than for medical air shall not communicate with
combustible or flammable materials.
Uses of Medical Air
 5.1.3.6.2*Uses of Medical Air. Medical air
sources shall be connected to the
medical air distribution system only and
shall be used only for air in the application
of human respiration and calibration of
medical devices for respiratory
application.
WAGD Producers
 5.1.3.8.5.2 Automatic or manual
alternation of producers shall allow
division of operating time. If automatic
alternation of producers is not provided,
the facility staff shall arrange a schedule
for manual alternation.
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.1 Special Precautions — Patient Gas, Vacuum, WAGD,
and Medical Support Gas Systems.
 5.1.14.1.1* Piping systems shall not be used for the distribution of
flammable anesthetic gases.
 5.1.14.1.2 Piping systems shall not be used as a grounding
electrode.
 5.1.14.1.3* Liquid or debris shall not be introduced into the
medical–surgical vacuum or WAGD systems for disposal.
 5.1.14.1.4* The medical–surgical vacuum and WAGD systems
shall not be used for nonmedical applications (e.g., vacuum
steam condensate return).
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.2 Maintenance of Medical Gas, Vacuum, WAGD, and
Medical Support Gas Systems.
 5.1.14.2.1* General. Health care facilities with installed medical
gas, vacuum, WAGD, or medical support gas systems, or
combinations thereof, shall develop and document periodic
maintenance programs for these systems and their
subcomponents as appropriate to the equipment installed.
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.2.2 Maintenance Programs.
 5.1.14.2.2.1 Inventories. Inventories of medical gas, vacuum,
WAGD, and medical support gas systems shall include at least
all source subsystems, control valves, alarms, manufactured
assemblies containing patient gases, and outlets.
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.2.2 Maintenance Programs.
 5.1.14.2.2.2* Inspection Schedules. Scheduled inspections for
equipment and procedures shall be established through the
risk assessment of the facility and developed with consideration
of the original equipment manufacturer recommendations and
other recommendations as required by the authority having
jurisdiction.
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.2.2.3 Inspection Procedures. The facility shall be
permitted to use any inspection procedure(s) or testing
methods established through its own risk assessment.

The facility shall be permitted to use any inspec0on procedure(s) or tes0ng methods
established
through its own risk assessment.
5.1.14.2.2.3 – Maintenance Programs: Inspection Procedures
Ex: Vacuum Pump Inspection
• Document Inlet Performance Criteria (Flow, Labeling, Latch, Leaks, etc.)
• Document Area Alarm Settings
• Document Master Alarm Settings
• Etc.
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.2.2.4 Maintenance Schedules. Scheduled maintenance
for equipment and procedures shall be established through the
risk assessment of the facility and developed with consideration
of the original equipment manufacturer recommendations and
other recommendations as required by the authority having
jurisdiction.
Scheduled maintenance for equipment and procedures shall be established through
the risk
assessment of the facility and developed with consideration of the original equipment
manufacturer recommendations and other recommendations as required by the
authority having
jurisdiction.
5.1.14.2.2.4 – Maintenance Programs: Maintenance Schedules
Ex: Vacuum Pump Maintenance
• Check Hours
• Check Amps
• Check Volts
• Check Vane Wear/Oil
• Check Filters
• Check Lead/Lag Settings
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.2.2.5 Qualifications. Persons maintaining these systems
shall be qualified to perform these operations. Appropriate
qualification shall be demonstrated by any of the following:
 (1) Training and certification through the health care facility by
which such persons are employed to work with specific
equipment as installed in that facility
 (2) Credentialing to the requirements of ASSE 6040, Professional
Qualification Standard for Medical Gas Maintenance
Personnel
 (3) Credentialing to the requirements of ASSE 6030, Professional
Qualification Standard for Medical Gas Systems Verifiers
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.2.3 Inspection and Testing Operations.
 5.1.14.2.3.1 General. The elements in 5.1.14.2.2.2 through 5.1.15
shall be inspected or tested as part of the maintenance
program as follows:
 (1)*Medical air source, as follows:
 (a) Room temperature
 (b) Shaft seal condition
 (c) Filter condition
 (d) Presence of hydrocarbons
 (e) Room ventilation
 (f) Water quality, if so equipped
 (g) Intake location
 (h) Carbon monoxide monitor calibration
 (i) Air purity
 (j) Dew point
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 A.5.1.14.2.3.1(1) Additional inspections for medical air sources include the following:
 (1) Air-coolers (condition, opera0on of automatic drains)
 (2) Operating pressures (cut-in, cut-out, and control pressures)
 (3) Electrical opera0tin
 (4) Receiver elements (auto drain, manual drain, sight glass, pressure gauge)
 (5) Pressure regulators (condition)
 (6) Dryer (operation, outlet dew point, condi0on, housekeeping)
 (7) Dew point calibration
 (8) Housekeeping around compressors
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 (2)*Medical vacuum source — exhaust location
A.5.1.14.2.3.1(2) Additional inspections for medical vacuum sources and WAGD sources
include the following:
The elements in 5.1.14.2.2.2 through 5.1.15 shall be inspected or tested as part of the
maintenance program as follows:
(1) Operating vacuum (cut-in, cut-out, and control pressures)
(2) Electrical operation
(3) Receiver elements (manual drain, sight glass, vacuum gauge)
(4) Housekeeping around pump
 (3) WAGD source — exhaust location
 (4)*Instrument air source — filter condition
Category 1 Operation and
Management
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 (5)*Manifold sources (including systems complying with
5.1.3.5.10, 5.1.3.5.11, 5.1.3.5.12, and 5.1.3.5.13), as follows:
 (a) Ventilation
 (b) Enclosure labeling
 A.5.1.14.2.3.1(5) Addi0onal inspec0ons for manifold sources include the following:
 (1) Cylinder leads (condition)
 (2) Cascade (switching from one header to another)
 (3) Source valve (labeling)
 (4) Relief valves (discharge location and condition)
 (5) Leaks
 (6) Security (door or gate locks and signage)
 (7) Housekeeping around manifolds

 (6) Bulk cryogenic liquid source inspected in accordance with

NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 (7) Final line regulation for all positive pressure systems —
delivery pressure
 (8)*Valves — labeling
 (9)*Alarms and warning systems — lamp and audio operation
 (10) Alarms and warning systems, as follows:
 (a) Master alarm signal operation
 (b) Area alarm signal operation
 (c) Local alarm signal operation
 (11)*Station outlets/inlets, as follows:
 (a) Flow
 (b) Labeling
 (c) Latching/delatching
 (d) Leaks
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.2.3.2 Manufactured Assemblies
Employing Flexible Connection(s) Between
the User Terminal and the Piping System.
 (A) Nonstationary booms and articulating
assemblies, other than head walls utilizing
flexible connectors, shall be tested for leaks,
per manufacturer’s recommendations, every
18 months or at a duration as determined by
a risk assessment.
 (B) The system pressure to nonstationary
booms and articulating arms shall be
maintained at operating pressure until each
joint has been examined for leakage by
effective means of leak detection that is safe
for use with oxygen.
 (C) Safe working condition of the flexible
assemblies shall be confirmed.
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 (D) D.I.S.S. connectors internal to the boom and assemblies
shall be checked for leakage.
 (E) Leaks, if any, shall be repaired (if permitted), or the
components replaced (if required), and the equipment
retested prior to placing the equipment back into service.
 (F) Additional testing of nonstationary booms or articulating
arms shall be performed at intervals defined by documented
performance data.
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.3 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Information and
Warning Signs.
 5.1.14.3.1 The gas content of medical gas and vacuum piping
systems shall be labeled in accordance with 5.1.11.1.
 5.1.14.3.2 Labels for shutoff valves shall be in accordance with
5.1.11.2 and updated when modifications are made changing
the areas served.
 5.1.14.4 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Maintenance and
Record Keeping. See B.5.2.
 5.1.14.4.1 Permanent records of all tests required by 5.1.12.3.1
through 5.1.12.3.14 shall be maintained in the organization’s
files.
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.4.2 The supplier of the bulk cryogenic liquid system shall,
upon request, provide documentation of vaporizer(s) sizing
criteria to the facility.
 5.1.14.4.3 An annual review of bulk system capacity shall be
conducted to ensure the source system has sufficient capacity.
 5.1.14.4.4 Central supply systems for nonflammable medical
gases shall conform to the following:
 (1) They shall be inspected annually.
 (2) They shall be maintained by a qualified representative of
the equipment owner.
 (3) A record of the annual inspection shall be available for
review by the authority having jurisdiction.
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.4.5 A periodic testing procedure for nonflammable
medical gas and vacuum and related alarm systems shall be
implemented.
 5.1.14.4.6 Whenever modifications are made that breach the
pipeline, any necessary installer and verification test specified
in 5.1.12 shall be conducted on the downstream portions of the
medical gas piping system.
 5.1.14.4.7 Procedures, as specified, shall be established for the
following:
 (1) Maintenance program for the medical air compressor
supply system in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations
 (2) Facility testing and calibration procedure that ensures
carbon monoxide monitors are calibrated at least annually or
more often if recommended by the manufacturer
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 (3) Maintenance program for both the medical–surgical
vacuum piping system and the secondary equipment
attached to medical–surgical vacuum station inlets to ensure
the continued good performance of the entire medical–
surgical vacuum system
 (4) Maintenance program for the WAGD system to ensure
performance
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 5.1.14.4.8 Audible and visual alarm indicators shall meet the
following requirements:
 (1) They shall be periodically tested to determine that they are
functioning properly.
 (2) Records of the test shall be maintained until the next test is
performed.
 5.1.14.4.9 Medical–surgical vacuum station inlet terminal
performance, as required in 5.1.12.3.10.4, shall be tested as
follows:
 (1) On a regular preventive maintenance schedule as
determined by the facility maintenance staff
 (2) Based on flow of free air (Nl/min or SCFM) into a station inlet
while simultaneously checking the vacuum level
Category 1 Operation and
Management
 A.5.1.15 Medical gas and vacuum systems should be surveyed
at least annually for the items that
 follow and deficient items corrected.
 Survey of medical air and instrument air sources should include, but not be limited
to, the
 following:
 (1) Dew point monitor (operation and calibration)
 (2) Carbon monoxide monitor (medical air only) (operation and calibration)
 (3) Air-coolers (condition, operation of drains)
 (4) Operating pressures (cut-in, cut-out, and control pressures)
 (5) All local alarms (verify presence of required alarms, perform electrical test, test
lag alarm)
 (6) Receiver elements (auto drain, manual drain, sight glass, pressure gauge)
 (7) Filters (condition)
 (8) Pressure regulators (condition, output pressure)
 (9) Source valve (labeling)
 (10) Intake (location and condi0on)
 (11) Housekeeping around compressors
The limitations of the
NFPA 99 document
DEFINITIONS
 General Anesthesia & Levels of Sedation
 Definition Change
 Important for determination of
Anesthetizing Locations
General Anesthesia & Levels
of Sedation /Analgesia
3.3.63.3 Minimal Sedation (Anxlolysis).
A drug-induced state during which patients respond normally to verbal commands.
Although cognitive function and coordination may be impaired, ventilatory and
cardiovascular functions are unaffected.

3.3.63.4 Moderate Sedation (Conscious Sedation).

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully
to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation.
No interventions are required to maintain a patient airway, and spontaneous ventilation
is adequate. Cardiovascular function is usually maintained.

3.3.63.1 Deep Sedation/Analgesia

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposefully
following repeated or painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired.
Patients may require assistance in maintaining a patent airway, and spontaneous ventilation may be inadequate. Cardiovascular function
is usually maintained.

3.3.63.2 General Anesthesia

A drug-induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation. The ability to independently
maintain ventilatory function is often impaired. Patients often require assistance in maintaining a patent airway, and positive pressure
ventilation may be required because of depressed spontaneous ventilation or drug-induced depression
of neuromuscular function. Cardiovascular function may be impaired.
Patient Care Rooms
3.3.138* Patient Care Room.
Any room of a health care facility wherein patients are intended to be examined or treated.

3.3.138.2* Critical Care Room.

Room in which failure of equipment or a system is likely to cause major injury or death of patients or
caregivers . (critical care, intensive care, delivery rooms, operating rooms, post-anesthesia care units, trauma
rooms, and special care treatment rooms such as angiography laboratories, cardiac catheterization
laboratories and other similar rooms).

3.3.138.3* General Care Room.

Room in which failure of equipment or a system is likely to cause minor Injury to patients or caregivers
(inpatient bedrooms, dialysis rooms, in vitro fertilization rooms, procedural rooms, and similar rooms).
.
3.3.138.1* Basic Care Room.
Room in which the failure of equipment or a system is not likely to cause injury to the patients or caregivers
but can cause patient discomfort . (examination or treatment rooms in clinics, medical and dental offices,
nursing homes, and limited care facilities).

3.3.138.4* Support Room.

Room in which failure of equipment or a system is not likely to have a physical impact on patients or
caregivers . (anesthesia work rooms, sterile supply, laboratories, morgues, waiting rooms, utility rooms, and
lounges).
Categories Determined by
a Risk Assessment
Category 1
Systems(Hospitals)
 Facility
systems in which failure of such
equipment or system is likely to cause
major injury or death of patients or
caregivers shall be designed to meet
system Category 1 requirements as
defined in the code.
 Category 1: Systems are expected to work or be available at all times to support
patient needs.
Category 2 Systems(Clinics)

 Facility
systems in which failure of such
equipment is likely to cause minor injury to
patients or caregivers shall be designed to
meet system Category 2 requirements as
defined in the code.
 Category 2: Systems are expected to provide a high level of reliability; however,
limited short durations of equipment downtime can be tolerated without
significant impact on patient care. Category 2 systems support patient needs
but are not critical for life support.
Category 3 Systems(Dental)
 Facility
systems in which failure of such
equipment is not likely to cause injury to patient
or caregivers, but can cause patient discomfort,
shall be designed to meet system Category 3
requirements as defined in the code.
 Category 3: Normal building system reliabilities are expected.
Such systems support patient needs, but failure of such
equipment would not immediately affect patient care. Such
equipment is not critical for life support.
Category 4 Systems (Non-
Patient Care)
 Facility
systems in which failure of such
equipment would have no impact on
patient care shall be designed to meet
system Category 4 requirements as
defined in the code.
 Medical Gases
Standard designation colors and operating pressures for
Category 1 Gas and Vacuum Systems
GAS Abbreviation Colors (background/Text) Pressures
Medical Air MA Yellow/black 50-55 psig

Carbon Dioxide CO2 Grey/black or grey/white 50-55 psig

Nitrogen N2 Black/white 160-185 psig
Nitrous oxide N2O Blue/white 50-55 psig
Oxygen O2 Green/white or white/green 50-55 psig
Medical vacuum MV White/black 15-30”HgG
WAGD WAGD Violet/white varies based on
supply type
(15-30”HgG (typical))
Lab Air LA yellow and white checkerboard/black no standard
Lab Vacuum LV White and black Checkerboard /black boxed no standard
Permitted Locations for
Medical Gases
 5.1.3.5.3 Permitted Locations for Medical Gases. Central
supply systems and medical gas outlets for oxygen,
medical air, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and all other
patient medical gases shall be piped only into areas
where the gases will be used under the direction of
licensed medical professionals for purposes congruent
with the following:
1) Direct respiration by patients
2) Clinical application of the gas to a patient, such as the use
of an insufflator to inject carbon dioxide into patient body
cavities during laparoscopic surgery and carbon dioxide
used to purge heart-lung machine blood flow ways.
3) Medical devise applications directly related to respiration.
4) Power for medical devises used directly on patients.
5) Calibration of medical devises intended for the above
applications.
 Oxygen (Patient Medical
Gas 3.3.142)
 Oxygen is a colorless and odorless gas.
 Oxygen is used primarily to supplement or
entirely replace the air that a patient will
breathe.
 Oxygen is a non-flammable gas, but will
cause combustible materials to burn
violently when immersed in an oxygen
enriched environmental.
 Oxygen purity must meet the requirements
of United States Pharmacopeia (UPS)
Standards
 Oxygen is a prescribed drug
 Medical Air (Patient
Medical Gas 3.3.142)
 Medical Air is air that has been filtered and
dried. It is colorless, odorless, and has a low
moisture content (dew point).
 Medical Air is used for patient breathing when
pure oxygen is not required. It can also used for
operating anesthesia machines, and powering
pneumatic respirators.
 Air contains approximately 21% oxygen and
79% nitrogen
 Medical Air purity must meet the requirements
of United States Pharmacopeia (UPS)
Standards
 Medical Air is a prescribed drug
 Nitrous Oxide (Patient
Medical Gas 3.3.142)
 Nitrous Oxide is colorless and has a slightly
sweet odor.
 Nitrous Oxide is mixed with Oxygen as an
anesthetic to alter the level of
consciousness of the patient.
 Nitrous Oxide itself is not flammable but, like
oxygen, causes combustible materials to
burn violently.
 Nitrous Oxide purity must meet the
requirements of United States
Pharmacopeia (UPS) Standards
 Nitrous Oxide is a prescribed drug
 Nitrogen (Medical Support
Gas 3.3.109)
 Nitrogen is the major component of air
(Nitrogen 79%, Oxygen 21%) and is colorless,
odorless, and non-toxic, but can be dangerous
in confined areas as it is an asphyxiant.
 Nitrogen is used to run pneumatic tools such as
drills, bone saws or other orthopedic devices
used during surgery.
 Nitrogen is supplied as a “Support Gas”
 Instrument Air (Medical
Support Gas 3.3.109)
 Instrument Air is intended as an alternative to
piped nitrogen.
 Instrument Air is used to run pneumatic tools
such as drills, bone saws or other orthopedic
devices used during surgery.
 Instrument Air is supplied as a “Support Gas”
Medical Vacuum (Medical-
Surgical Vacuum System
3.3.111)
 Medical Vacuum is used to suction
patient waste, bodily fluid or would
drainage.
 All fluids are collected in a canister at the
wall inlet. No fluids are drawn into the
pipeline system.
 Vacuum systems operated at vacuum
pressures deeper than 12” Hg
Waste Anesthetic Gas Disposal
(Waste Anesthetic Gas
Disposal (WAGD)3.3.183)
 Formerly known as Trace Gas and
Evacuation.
 WAGD systems remove anesthetic
gases being exhaled by the patient
during surgery.
 NFPA 99 requires a WAGD inlet
anywhere that anesthesia is used.
 Typically, WAGD systems operate
similar to medical vacuum systems, but
can be installed by other source types.
Carbon Dioxide (Patient
Medical Gas 3.3.142)
 Carbon Dioxide is a colorless and odorless
gas (although can cause tickle in nose
when smelled).
 Carbon Dioxide is administered during
surgery for insufflation of the body cavity.
It is readily absorbed by the body, thus
ideal for such an application.
 Carbon Dioxide is not used in patient
respiration.
Source locations
Medical Gas Storage Locations
Nonflammable Gases (Any Quantity; In-Storage,
Connected, or Both)
Sources of heat in storage locations shall be
protected or located so that cylinders or
compressed gases shall not be heated to the
activation point of the integral safety devices.
In no case shall the temperature of the
cylinders exceed 130°F (54°C) (see exception
for Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide).
Where the total volume of medical gases
connected and in storage is greater than
3000 cu. Ft., a dedicated mechanical
ventilation system shall be provided.
Where the total volume of medical gases
connected and in storage is less than 3000
cu. Ft., natural ventilation is permitted,
consisting of two louvered openings each
having a minimum of 72 sq. in., with one
being within 1 foot of the ceiling and one
being 1 foot above the floor.
Nitrous Oxide and Carbon
Dioxide Supply Locations
(exceptions)
Source locations
(cont.)
Enclosures shall be constructed
of an assembly of building
materials with a fire resistive
rating of at least 1 hour and
shall not communicate
directly with anesthetizing
locations.
Flammable gases shall not be
stored with oxidizing agents.
Storage of full or empty cylinders
is permitted together.
Enclosures shall serve no other
purpose.
Source locations
(cont.)
Provisions shall be made for racks or
fastenings to protect individual
cylinders from accidental damage or
dislocation.
The electric installation in storage
locations or manifold enclosures for
nonflammable medical gases shall
comply with the standards of NFPA
70, National Electrical Code, for
ordinary locations. Electric wall
fixtures, switches, and receptacles
shall be installed in fixed locations not
less than 152 cm (5 ft.) above the
floor as a precaution against their
physical damage.
Source locations
(cont.)
Storage locations for oxygen and
nitrous oxide shall be kept free of
flammable
Cylinders containing compressed
gases and containers for volatile
liquids shall be kept away from
radiators, steam piping, and like
sources of heat.
Combustible materials, such as paper,
cardboard, plastics, and fabrics shall
not be stored or kept near supply
system cylinders or manifolds
containing oxygen or nitrous oxide.
Racks for cylinder storage shall be
permitted to be of wooden
construction. Wrappers shall be
removed prior to storage.
Source locations
(cont.)
When cylinder valve protection
caps are supplied, they shall
be secured tightly in place
unless the cylinder is
connected for use.
Containers shall not be stored in
a tightly closed space such as
a closet.
Locations for supply systems shall
not be used for storage
purposes other than for
containers of nonflammable
gases.
Typical Indoor Medical Gas Storage Location:
• Only one Entry/Exit required
• Cylinders (In Use and In Storage) are required to be chained (5.1.3.3.2(7))
• Enclosure to be made of One Hour Fire Resistive Construction
(5.1.3.3.2(4))
• Secured with lockable doors or gates (5.1.3.3.2(2))
• Adequate space to allow the movement of cylinders in and out of the
enclosure (5.1.3.3.2(1))
• Location cannot house motor driven equipment
• Heating if required to be by indirect means (steam, hot water) (5.1.3.3.2(6))
• Racks, shelves, and supports, where provided, constructed of
noncombustible or limited-combustible construction (5.1.3.3.2(9))
• Electrical devises protected from physical damage (5.1.3.3.2(10))
• Ventilation to be natural ventilation (if total volume of gas stored is les than
3000 cu. Ft.), two louvers minimum 72 sq. in., one located within one foot
of the floor, and one located one foot from the ceiling or Dedicated
mechanical ventilation (if total volume stored is greater than 3000 cu. Ft.),
fan to be designed for a minimum of 1 cfm per 5 cu. Ft. of liquid, minimum
of 50 cfm, exhaust inlet shall be unobstructed and located one foot from the
floor. (9.3.7)
The Ventilation Requirements are located in Chapter 9 of NFPA 99 - 2012
Typical Outdoor Medical Gas Storage
Location:
• Two Entry/Exit required
(5.1.3.3.2(3))
• Cylinders (In Use and In Storage) are
required to be chained (5.1.3.3.2(7))
• Enclosure (wall or fencing)
constructed of noncombustible
materials (5.1.3.3.2(3))
• Secured with lockable doors or gates
(5.1.3.3.2(2))
• Adequate space to allow the
movement of cylinders in and out of
the enclosure (5.1.3.3.2(1))
Bulk Supply Systems
Oxygen supply systems or storage
locations having a total capacity of
more than 20,000 ft3 (566 m3) (NTP),
including unconnected reserves on
hand at the site, shall comply with NFPA
50, Standard for Bulk Oxygen Systems at
Consumer Sites.
Nitrous oxide supply systems or storage
locations having a total capacity of 3200
lb. (1452 kg) [28,000 ft3 (793 m3) (NTP)] or
more, including unconnected reserves
on hand at the site, shall comply with
CGA Pamphlet G-8.1, Standard for the
Installation of Nitrous Oxide Systems at
Consumer Sites.
Emergency Oxygen Supply
Connection (EOSC)
In-Building Emergency
Reserve
 5.1.3.5.14.1 In-building emergency reserves shall
not be used as substitute for the bulk gas reserves
that are required in 5.1.3.5.12.4
 5.1.3.5.14.2 When a reserve is provided inside the
building as a substitute for the EOSC or for other
purposes, it shall be located in accordance with
5.1.3.3 as follows:
1) In a room or enclosure constructed per 5.1.3.3.2
2) In a room or enclosure ventilated per 5.1.3.3.3
In-Building Emergency
Reserve
 5.1.3.5.14.3 In-building emergency reserves shall
consist of either of the following:
1) Gas cylinder header per 5.1.3.5.9 with sufficient
cylinder connections to provide for at least an
average day’s supply with the appropriate
number of connections being determined after
consideration of the delivery schedule, the
proximity of the facility to alternate supplies, and
the facility’s emergency plan.
2) Manifold for gas cylinders complying with
5.1.3.5.10
In-Building Emergency
Reserve
 5.1.3.5.14.5 In-building emergency reserves shall
have a local signal that visibly indicates the
operating status of the equipment and an alarm
at all master alarms when or just before the reserve
begins to serve the system.
Air and Vacuum
Systems
Air compressors and vacuum
pumps shall be located
separately from cylinder
patient gas systems or cylinder
storage enclosures. Air
compressors and vacuum
pumps shall be installed in a
designated mechanical
equipment area, adequately
ventilated and with required
services.
Valves
 Source Valve
 Main Valve
 Riser Valve
 Service Valve
 In-line Valve
 Zone Valve
Source Valve
A shutoff valve shall be placed at the
immediate outlet of the source of supply
to permit the entire source of supply,
including all accessory devices, to be
isolated from the piping system.
Main Valve
 The main supply line shall be provided with a
shutoff valve.
 The main supply valve shall be located
downstream of the source valve and outside of
the source room, enclosure, or where the main line
first enters the building.
 The main line valve shall not be required where
the source valve is accessible from within the
building.
Riser Valve
 Each riser supplied from the main line shall
be provided with a shutoff valve adjacent
to the riser connection.
Service Valves
 Service shutoff valves shall be placed
where the lateral branches off of the riser,
prior to any zone valve box assembly on
that branch.
Zone Valve
 Station outlets shall not be supplied
directly from a riser unless a manual
shutoff valve located in the same story is
installed between the riser and the outlet
with a wall intervening between the valve
and the outlet.
 This valve shall be readily operable from
a standing position in the corridor on the
same floor it serves.
Shutoff Valve Requirements
 New or replacement pipeline shutoff
valves shall be of a quarter-turn ball type
manufactured with extensions for brazing,
and with an indicating handle and shall
be of metallic construction.
 Valves shall be the three-piece type with
full-size ports.
Mistakes Happen!
 Thefollowing slides show mistake found in
the field.
 In 1972, in Sudbury, Ontario, an oxygen and
nitrous oxide line were cross connected
during installation. 22 people died by
asphyxiation resulting from this error.
 This incident caused codes to be changed,
requiring third party testing of all new
installations.
Faulty medical gas installation
leads to infant death, full inquiries
underway into Australian tragedy
 One baby has died and the second is in a critical condition after the newborn
infants were given nitrous oxide (NOx) instead of oxygen (O2) at a hospital in Sydney,
Australia.
 The wrong gas was dispensed through a neonatal resuscitation outlet at the
Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital in New South Wales (NSW), which was “incorrectly”
installed and certified by BOC Limited in July 2015.
 The fatal error was discovered on 21st July 2016 after a paediatrician raised concerns
about the unexpected death of the newborn. Testing of the gas outlets then found
an O2 outlet in the theatre was emitting NOx instead.
 Since the discovery, NSW Government’s Minister for Health Jillian Skinner confirmed
that the faulty neonatal unit at Bankstown-Lidcombe remains closed. She also
stated that the other seven operating theatres in the hospital were inspected but
were found to be functioning normally.
 The death has been referred to the coroner.
 In a statement, BOC Australia, a member of Tier One player The Linde Group,
expressed, “BOC is extremely saddened of the tragic death of a newborn and the
injury of another at Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital over the past few weeks. We
deeply regret that these families are suffering pain and sorrow.”
Faulty medical gas installation
leads to infant death, full inquiries
underway into Australian tragedy
 “As soon as BOC was notified of the situation we cooperated fully with all
investigations being undertaken by the NSW Government – the Hospital, the NSW
Coroner, and the Ministry of Health teams. It is extremely important to identify the
exact cause of this tragedy.”

 BOC underlined that it is conducting a full internal inquiry and has appointed a
dedicated investigation team to clearly identify the root cause of the issue. The
company also stated that it will work with the Ministry of Health throughout the
investigations.

 South Western Sydney Local Health District is also conducting a formal investigation
to determine if staff at Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital followed protocols which
could have detected the installation error last year.
Cross Connection causes severe injury:

On March 30, High School student went to the dental office to have his wisdom teeth removed. After being
sedated with medical gas, complications occurred. The student was taken to a Hospital after he stopped
breathing, and later was taken to a University Hospital.
Building inspection leaders confirmed that they have no record of whether a required third-party inspection
of the medical gas system was ever conducted at the dental surgery center. The International Plumbing Code
adopted by the city requires a certified inspector — often a privately owned inspection company — to test the
medical gas system.

But the city’s director of planning and development services said he believes the law does not require the city
to ensure that the test actually has been done.

Instead, that responsibility is left solely in the hands of private builders and contractors.

“Events like this highlight the importance of contractors knowing and understanding the code and fulfilling
its own requirements,” said the city’s director of planning and development services.

An attorney for the company that installed the system — said he did not know whether a third-party
inspection had been done on the medical gas system. A representative for the general contractor —declined to
comment.

The dentist did not receive a certificate of inspection from the contractors, and was unaware that he was
supposed to receive a certificate showing the system had been tested.
Cross Connection Found in
Operating Room
Oxygen Tank installation
mishap
Medical Air System found
with 95psi system pressure
Zone Valve located behind
door
Oxygen
Tank on its
side
Questions?