VIDEO: THE HUMAN FAMILY TREE (National Geographic)

1. Why did the members of the Genographic Project choose Queen’s New York to conduct their study?

2. What is the Genographic Project?

The project has collected DNA from over 350,000 people across the world. It is a quest to understand where we all
came from. Through this, people can find out where their ancestors were from.
3. How many generations back can we use this technology to trace our ancestors?

Thousands of year ago

4. What is the purpose of the cheek swab?

To gather DNA

5. True or False: Scientists believe that we all originate from Africa. True
6. True or False: Scientists believe that we are all related. True
7. If you were to take two random people living in the same region and sequence their DNA structure, what percent of
their DNA is identical?

99.9%

8. a) Describe what is meant by Scientific Adam

Scientific Adam is the male whose y-chromosome was passed down from generations to today. Everyone has the
y-chromosome today
9. b) how does his genes get passed down through generations?
10. a) Describe what is meant by Scientific Eve
Scientific Eve is the female whose mitochondria was passed down through generations to today. Everyone has the
mitochondrial dna today
11. Both men and women have _________________________ but only ____________pass it along to their offspring.
12. What are genetic markers?

A genetic marker is the .1% difference between our genetic DNA. It gives us a glimpse of someone who has lived in
the distant past. If you share a marker with someone, you share a common ancestor.
13. How do people’s phenotype change due to changes in genetic markers?
Environmental factors

14. What causes changes in genetic markers?

15. True or False humans were never ever at the verge of extinction.
only 20,000 at one point
16. The __mstar__ genetic marker spread throughout Asia and the indigenous people in the Pacific and Australia.
17. The _homo erectus__were the very first group of people who left Africa.

18. Why do those with this same genetic code living in the Philippines appear to have more original African features
than other Asians?

The first people to leave africa, ended up in the philipines

This group of people that left Africa did not have to adjust to the difference of environment in the Philippines.
19. Explain why East Asians a) appear shorter conserve heat
b) have flatter noses prevent frostbite
c) eyelids with epicanthic folds. cut down glare from snow
20. Dark skin acts as a natural ____sunblock__ in hot climates. In cold climates skin became lighter to absorb more
__sunlight___ in order to produce more _vitamin d_ in the body.
21. True or false: Genetically speaking race does not exist.
22. ____neanderthals___lived in __caves__near the Mediterranean. When they became extinct, Homo Sapiens lived
there too for some time in Europe. This also caused their skin pigment to become ___lighter__ because they were
away from the sun.
23. True or false: Volcanic ash prevented people in India and Pakistan from South Asia from getting direct sunlight, thus
causing changes in genetic markers.
24. The genetic marker_U4___ traces to those that left the Middle East and arrived in Europe about 35,000 years ago.
25. a) What is coprolite? Dry fossil of feces.
26. b) How do they know that the coprolite they found belonged to humans? Found DNA inside
27. The___mitochrondria b__ marker identifies the ___native american____groups. These people left Africa and
initially moved to Asia. They then travelled from the top of ___alaska____ to the bottom of __south america____.
This was the longest journey ever made.
28. ___Africa____ remains the most ________genetically diverse______ spot on earth.

- why it is believed humans originated there

-